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- All HBS Web (1,047)
- Faculty Publications (319)
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- February 1992 (Revised September 1992)
- Background Note
Global Computer Industry
Describes the evolution of international trade and global competition in computers. Focuses on the role of country factors, government policies, and firm strategies in shifting competitive advantage among regions of the world. Pays special attention to international... View Details
Keywords: Competition; Alliances; Trade; Policy; Globalized Markets and Industries; Computer Industry
Gomes-Casseres, Benjamin. "Global Computer Industry." Harvard Business School Background Note 792-072, February 1992. (Revised September 1992.)
- October 1996 (Revised May 1998)
- Case
Regarding NAFTA
By: Debora L. Spar
In the aftermath of World War II, the countries of the industrialized world engaged in an unprecedented round of institution-building, through which historical barriers to international trade, especially tariffs, came tumbling down. The GATT has reshaped the... View Details
Spar, Debora L., and Elizabeth B. Stein. "Regarding NAFTA." Harvard Business School Case 797-013, October 1996. (Revised May 1998.)
- 01 Sep 2022
- What Do You Think?
Is It Time to Consider Lifting Tariffs on Chinese Imports?
pretty long list for the world’s two largest economies, which are connected by some of the busiest trade routes. If the situation were a business analogy, it would be as if a company not only competed intensely with both its important... View Details
Keywords: Re: James L. Heskett
- October 2010 (Revised November 2010)
- Case
Belco Global Foods
By: C. Fritz Foley and Matthew Johnson
This case introduces students to the fundamental issues that managers face when deciding what international trade finance terms to use when transacting with other firms. In late 2009, Pam Arnold, the head of global credit at Belco Global Foods, must decide which trade... View Details
Keywords: Trade; Credit; Financing and Loans; International Finance; Globalized Firms and Management; Food and Beverage Industry
Foley, C. Fritz, and Matthew Johnson. "Belco Global Foods." Harvard Business School Case 211-033, October 2010. (Revised November 2010.)
- 2000
- Book
Merchants to Multinationals
By: Geoffrey Jones
This book examines the evolution of multinational trading companies from the eighteenth century to the present day. During the Industrial Revolution, British merchants established overseas branches which became major trade intermediaries, and later engaged in foreign... View Details
Keywords: Competency and Skills; Trade; Foreign Direct Investment; Multinational Firms and Management; Corporate Governance; Growth and Development; Human Resources; Information Management; Relationships; Corporate Strategy; Africa; Asia; Latin America
Jones, Geoffrey. Merchants to Multinationals. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000. (Winner of Newcomen-Harvard Book Award Given once every three years to the best work in the field of business history published in the United States.)
- May 1988 (Revised November 1990)
- Case
Airbus vs. Boeing (B): The Storm Intensifies
Discusses the growing competition faced by U.S. producers of civil aircraft due to the success and expanding product line of Airbus Industries. Designed to foster discussion of international trade policy as it affects producers in the industry and to encourage firm... View Details
Keywords: Trade; Policy; Negotiation; Competition; Competitive Strategy; Aerospace Industry; United States
Salter, Malcolm S. "Airbus vs. Boeing (B): The Storm Intensifies." Harvard Business School Case 388-145, May 1988. (Revised November 1990.)
- April 1984
- Background Note
Export Controls
By: David B. Yoffie
Explores the problems and opportunities associated with export controls--one of the most widely used tools of international trade policy in the 1970s and early 1980s; and the role of the United States and Soviet Union as major players in the international economy.... View Details
Keywords: Macroeconomics; Trade; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Policy; Problems and Challenges; Opportunities; Soviet Union; United States
Yoffie, David B. "Export Controls." Harvard Business School Background Note 384-008, April 1984.
- October 2010
- Supplement
Belco Global Foods: Spreadsheet Supplement (CW)
By: C. Fritz Foley and Matthew Johnson
This case introduces students to the fundamental issues that managers face when deciding what international trade finance terms to use when transacting with other firms. In late 2009, Pam Arnold, the Head of Global Credit at Belco Global Foods must decide which trade... View Details
- November 1998 (Revised June 2001)
- Case
Global Beer
Two young American entrepreneurs working in Japan have rapidly established an importing business to take advantage of new regulations permitting microbrewers and brewpubs. Options for further growth include an international brewpub franchise, alliances with Japanese... View Details
Keywords: Trade; Problems and Challenges; Business Startups; Globalized Markets and Industries; Food and Beverage Industry; Japan; United States
Arnold, David J., and Ardon B. Hirschfeld. "Global Beer." Harvard Business School Case 599-063, November 1998. (Revised June 2001.)
- February 2011 (Revised August 2011)
- Case
Brazil: Leading the BRICs?
By: Arthur A. Daemmrich and Aldo Musacchio
Brazil's new president, Dilma Rousseff, had announced plans to sustain GDP growth above 5% annually and continue the country's leadership role among emerging economies. Between 2003 and 2010, Brazil benefited from strong economic growth and stable policies under the... View Details
Keywords: Developing Countries and Economies; Intellectual Property; Infrastructure; Economic Growth; Trade; International Relations; Economic Systems; Globalization; Corporate Strategy; Brazil; Russia; India; China; United States
Daemmrich, Arthur A., and Aldo Musacchio. "Brazil: Leading the BRICs?" Harvard Business School Case 711-024, February 2011. (Revised August 2011.)
- September 2003 (Revised May 2004)
- Case
New Partnership for Africa's Development, The
By: Laura Alfaro, Debora L. Spar and Cate Reavis
In a world context of international institutions such as the World Trade Organization and the International Monetary Fund and their interaction with developing countries, this case looks at an African development initiative to address its own problems: The New Economic... View Details
Keywords: Development Economics; Developing Countries and Economies; International Finance; Investment; Poverty; Africa
Alfaro, Laura, Debora L. Spar, and Cate Reavis. "New Partnership for Africa's Development, The." Harvard Business School Case 704-006, September 2003. (Revised May 2004.)
- 2025
- Working Paper
Bank Financing of Global Supply Chains
By: Laura Alfaro, Mariya Brussevich, Camelia Minoiu and Andrea Presbitero
Finding new international suppliers is costly, so most importers source inputs from a single country. We examine the role of banks in mitigating trade search costs during the 2018–2019 U.S.-China trade tensions. We match data on shipments to U.S. ports with the U.S.... View Details
Alfaro, Laura, Mariya Brussevich, Camelia Minoiu, and Andrea Presbitero. "Bank Financing of Global Supply Chains." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 33754, May 2025.
- October 1995 (Revised June 1996)
- Case
Li & Fung (Trading) Ltd.
Li & Fung, one of the largest export trading companies in Asia, works primarily as an agent to connect U.S. and European manufacturers and retailers of nondurable, mass-market consumer goods with suppliers located all over East Asia who manufacture products according... View Details
Keywords: Networks; Marketplace Matching; Supply Chain Management; Trade; Manufacturing Industry; Retail Industry; Asia; United States; Europe
Loveman, Gary W., and Jamie O'Connell. "Li & Fung (Trading) Ltd." Harvard Business School Case 396-075, October 1995. (Revised June 1996.)
- October 2004 (Revised October 2013)
- Case
In Search of Global Regulation
By: Geoffrey Jones, Mona Rahmani and Alexis Gendron
The history of the international regulation of global capitalism is surveyed, addressing the challenges facing firms confronting international, national, and regional regulation. Follows the history of global regulation after 1914, from the League of Nations'... View Details
Keywords: History; Multinational Firms and Management; International Relations; Laws and Statutes; Corporate Governance; Business and Government Relations
Jones, Geoffrey, Mona Rahmani, and Alexis Gendron. "In Search of Global Regulation." Harvard Business School Case 805-025, October 2004. (Revised October 2013.)
- Research Summary
Research and Publication Interests
Michelle Craig McDonald is currently writing a Harvard Business School case study on the impact of the International Coffee Act on small producers. She is interested in early American economic development, especially the role of foreign trade and re-exported... View Details
- June 1996 (Revised November 1996)
- Background Note
Economic Gains from Trade: Comparative Advantage
By: Robert E. Kennedy and Nancy F. Koehn
How nations trade and whether they benefit from it are two of the oldest and most important questions in political economy. In the 170 years since David Ricardo formally developed the theory of comparative advantage, it has become one of the principles most widely... View Details
Kennedy, Robert E., and Nancy F. Koehn. "Economic Gains from Trade: Comparative Advantage." Harvard Business School Background Note 796-183, June 1996. (Revised November 1996.)
- December 1996 (Revised October 1999)
- Case
Kidder, Peabody & Co.: Creating Elusive Profits
By: Robert L. Simons and Antonio Davila
On April 17, 1994, Kidder, Peabody & Co. announced a $350 million charge against earnings resulting from the discovery of false trading profits. That same day, the termination of Joseph Jett's employment with the company was made public. By illustrating the mechanics... View Details
Keywords: Bonds; Governance Controls; Crime and Corruption; Financial Reporting; Profit; Financial Strategy
Simons, Robert L., and Antonio Davila. "Kidder, Peabody & Co.: Creating Elusive Profits." Harvard Business School Case 197-038, December 1996. (Revised October 1999.)
- October 2023
- Article
Product Variety, the Cost of Living, and Welfare Across Countries
By: Alberto Cavallo, Robert C. Feenstra and Robert Inklaar
We use the structure of the Melitz (2003) model to compute the cost of living and welfare across 47 countries, and compare these to conventional measures of prices and real consumption from the International Comparisons Project (ICP). The cost of living is inferred... View Details
Cavallo, Alberto, Robert C. Feenstra, and Robert Inklaar. "Product Variety, the Cost of Living, and Welfare Across Countries." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 15, no. 4 (October 2023): 40–66.
- September 1998
- Case
Cooperating to Compete: EGS of Turkey
By: Pankaj Ghemawat and C. Fritz Foley
In the early 1980s, Turkey adopted policies that liberalized trade as a part of a structural adjustment program. Within the garment industry, small- and medium-scale enterprises were not well positioned to take advantage of the new opportunities to compete in... View Details
Keywords: Trade; Corporate Governance; Policy; Partners and Partnerships; Competitive Strategy; Diversification; Turkey
Ghemawat, Pankaj, and C. Fritz Foley. "Cooperating to Compete: EGS of Turkey." Harvard Business School Case 799-024, September 1998.
- September 2023
- Supplement
CMA CGM: Reducing the Carbon Footprint of Container Shipping
By: Willy Shih
Marine transport is the most cost-effective way to move large volumes over long distances, and container shipping is the backbone of international trade in goods. Yet shipping contributed 3% of worldwide greenhouse gas emissions, and the deep-sea segment, which... View Details