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      • Faculty Publications  (898)

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      • July 2020
      • Article

      Higher Economic Inequality Intensifies the Financial Hardship of People Living in Poverty by Fraying the Community Buffer

      By: Jon M. Jachimowicz, Barnabas Szaszi, Marcel Lukas, David Smerdon, Jaideep Prabhu and Elke U. Weber
      The current research investigates whether higher economic inequality disproportionately intensifies the financial hardship of low-income individuals. We propose that higher economic inequality increases financial hardship for low-income individuals by reducing their... View Details
      Keywords: Economic Inequalty; Economy; Income; Equality and Inequality; Poverty; Civil Society or Community
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      Jachimowicz, Jon M., Barnabas Szaszi, Marcel Lukas, David Smerdon, Jaideep Prabhu, and Elke U. Weber. "Higher Economic Inequality Intensifies the Financial Hardship of People Living in Poverty by Fraying the Community Buffer." Special Issue on Racism in Action. Nature Human Behaviour 4, no. 7 (July 2020): 702–712.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Dignity, Inequality, and the Populist Backlash: Lessons from America and Europe for a Sustainable Globalization

      By: Rawi Abdelal
      The greatest challenge to the sustainability of our current era of globalization comes from within the United States. Most Americans have come to reject globalization. We must discern the lessons from the parts of the developed world where the backlash is also... View Details
      Keywords: Pandemics; Populism; Dignity; Globalization; Economic Systems; Equality and Inequality; Policy; Values and Beliefs; United States; Europe; France; Germany
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      Abdelal, Rawi. "Dignity, Inequality, and the Populist Backlash: Lessons from America and Europe for a Sustainable Globalization." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-123, June 2020.
      • Article

      We Have a Rare Opportunity to Create a Stronger, More Equitable Society

      By: Shai Davidai, Martin Day, Daniela Goya-Tocchetto, Oliver Hauser, Jon M. Jachimowicz, M. Usman Mirza, Nailya Ordabayeva, L. Taylor Phillips, Barnabas Szaszi and Stephanie Tepper
      Income inequality in the United States was at historic levels before the coronavirus hit. Now, as the disease—and the social and economic implications it brings—spread across the country, it is likely to create even deeper fissures between the poor and rich. View Details
      Keywords: Socioeconomic Status; Coronavirus; Inequality; Work; Income; Equality and Inequality; Health Pandemics; Gender; Money; Policy; Race; Society
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      Davidai, Shai, Martin Day, Daniela Goya-Tocchetto, Oliver Hauser, Jon M. Jachimowicz, M. Usman Mirza, Nailya Ordabayeva, L. Taylor Phillips, Barnabas Szaszi, and Stephanie Tepper. "We Have a Rare Opportunity to Create a Stronger, More Equitable Society." Behavioral Scientist (June 1, 2020).
      • May 2020 (Revised March 2022)
      • Case

      The Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic and the Global Economy (A)

      By: Alberto Cavallo and Christian Godwin
      In April 2020, the world struggled to contain the exponential escalation of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Dozens of countries had imposed restrictions on travel, work, and social gatherings. A large share of the global population was under lockdowns and... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Demand and Consumers; Supply and Industry; Finance; Central Banking; Financial Markets; International Finance; Globalization; Government and Politics; Health Pandemics; Decision Making; Macroeconomics; Employment; Crisis Management; Supply Chain; Risk and Uncertainty; Air Transportation Industry; Banking Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Employment Industry; Financial Services Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Health Industry; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; Public Administration Industry; Retail Industry; Service Industry; Shipping Industry; Tourism Industry; Travel Industry; Asia; China; Europe; Latin America; Africa; United States
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      Cavallo, Alberto, and Christian Godwin. "The Coronavirus (COVID-19) Pandemic and the Global Economy (A)." Harvard Business School Case 720-031, May 2020. (Revised March 2022.)
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      HBS COVID-19 Global Policy Tracker

      By: Alberto Cavallo and Tannya Cai
      The HBS COVID-19 Global Policy Tracker is an initiative by the Business, Government and the International Economy (BGIE) unit at Harvard Business School (HBS) to collect and standardize economic policies implemented as a response to the coronavirus pandemic around the... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19; Economics; Policy; Health Pandemics; Government and Politics; Global Range
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      Cavallo, Alberto, and Tannya Cai. "HBS COVID-19 Global Policy Tracker." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-110, April 2020. (Available at www.globalpolicytracker.com.)
      • April 2020 (Revised June 2020)
      • Case

      Race and Mass Incarceration in the United States

      By: Reshmaan N. Hussam and Holly Fetter
      The late 20th century saw a dramatic shift in the criminal justice system of the United States. While incarceration rates had remained stable through the 1960s, they quintupled by the 2000s to 707 per 100,000, far exceeding that of all other nations in the world. By... View Details
      Keywords: Criminal Justice System; Incarceration; Race; Prejudice and Bias; United States
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      Hussam, Reshmaan N., and Holly Fetter. "Race and Mass Incarceration in the United States." Harvard Business School Case 720-034, April 2020. (Revised June 2020.)
      • March 30, 2020
      • Article

      Why Is the U.S. Behind on Coronavirus Testing?

      By: Stefan Thomke
      Coronavirus testing is needed to address the uncertainty in making decisions about patient treatment, resource allocation, policy, and so much more. Answers to questions such as “When should we relax social distancing measures—and for whom?” or “How many ventilators... View Details
      Keywords: Testing; Coronavirus; Culture; Trump; Data; Experiments; Health Pandemics; Health Testing and Trials; Government and Politics; United States
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      Thomke, Stefan. "Why Is the U.S. Behind on Coronavirus Testing?" Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (March 30, 2020).
      • March 2020
      • Case

      Voi Technology

      By: Jeffrey F. Rayport and Olivia Hull
      Voi Technology, a fast-growing start-up out of Sweden, is competing in the highly contested European e-scooter sharing market. With a presence in nearly 40 cities in Europe by February 2020, the firm is working hard to improve its unit economics to reach profitability.... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Business Strategy; Technology Adoption; Innovation Strategy; Technological Innovation; Marketing Strategy; Business Plan; Product Marketing; Product Launch; Product Positioning; Energy Conservation; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Global Strategy; Globalized Economies and Regions; Innovation Leadership; Human Capital; Laws and Statutes; Growth Management; Operations; Logistics; Service Operations; Supply Chain Management; Organizational Culture; Information Infrastructure; Transportation; Transportation Industry; Technology Industry; Europe
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      Rayport, Jeffrey F., and Olivia Hull. "Voi Technology." Harvard Business School Case 820-099, March 2020.
      • 2020
      • Chapter

      Health Care Markets a Decade After the ACA: Bigger, but Probably Not Better

      By: Leemore S. Dafny
      Love it or hate it, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) embraced and extended the role of private markets in financing and delivering health care in the United States. Ten years after the ACA’s passage, it is unclear whether health care markets are better (along a range of... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Markets; Laws and Statutes; Outcome or Result; Health Industry; United States
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      Dafny, Leemore S. "Health Care Markets a Decade After the ACA: Bigger, but Probably Not Better." Chap. 15 in The Trillion Dollar Revolution: How the Affordable Care Act Transformed Politics, Law, and Health Care in America, edited by Ezekiel J. Emanuel and Abbe R. Gluck. New York: PublicAffairs, 2020.
      • February 2020 (Revised January 2024)
      • Case

      Wellthy: The Economics of Caring

      By: Brian L. Trelstad and Joseph B. Fuller
      In 2014, Lindsay Jurist-Rosner (MBA ’09) founded Wellthy, a B2C business that coordinates care for working professionals seeking help to support loved ones with chronic diseases or aging parents. With personal experience as a young professional providing care for her... View Details
      Keywords: B2B Vs. B2C; Future Of Work; Health; Social Entrepreneurship; Growth and Development Strategy; Health Industry; United States
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      Trelstad, Brian L., and Joseph B. Fuller. "Wellthy: The Economics of Caring." Harvard Business School Case 320-028, February 2020. (Revised January 2024.)
      • 2020
      • Chapter

      The Gift of Global Talent: Innovation Policy and the Economy

      By: William R. Kerr
      Talent is the most precious resource for today’s knowledge-based economy, and a significant share of the U.S. skilled workforce in technology fields is foreign born. The United States has long held a leading position in attracting global talent, but the gap to other... View Details
      Keywords: Global Talent Flows; Talent and Talent Management; Global Range; Immigration; Policy; Economy
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      Kerr, William R. "The Gift of Global Talent: Innovation Policy and the Economy." Chap. 1 in Innovation Policy and the Economy, Volume 20, edited by Josh Lerner and Scott Stern, 1–37. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press, 2020.
      • January 23, 2020
      • Article

      Sanctions and the End of Trans-Atlanticism: Iran, Russia, and the Unintended Division of the West

      By: Rawi Abdelal and Aurélie Bros
      Sanctions have become the dominant tool of statecraft in the United States and other Western states, especially the European Union, since the end of the Cold War. But the systematic use of this instrument may produce unintended and somewhat paradoxical geopolitical... View Details
      Keywords: Geopolitics; Economic Sanctions; International Relations; United States; Russia; Iran; Europe
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      Abdelal, Rawi, and Aurélie Bros. "Sanctions and the End of Trans-Atlanticism: Iran, Russia, and the Unintended Division of the West." Notes de l'Ifri (January 23, 2020). (Also published as "The End of Transatlanticism? How Sanctions Are Dividing the West," Horizons, no. 16 (spring 2020), pp. 114-134.)
      • January 2020
      • Case

      The Origins of Bell Labs

      By: Tom Nicholas and John Masko
      In 1947, scientists at Bell Labs invented the transistor—a tiny signal amplifier that would go on to become the fundamental building block of the digital age. But, confounding most traditional economic assumptions, it was not a vigorous startup that made this momentous... View Details
      Keywords: Business History; Innovation Leadership; Technological Innovation; Patents; Monopoly; Organizational Structure; Competitive Strategy; Telecommunications Industry; Boston; Massachusetts; New York (city, NY)
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      Nicholas, Tom, and John Masko. "The Origins of Bell Labs." Harvard Business School Case 820-081, January 2020.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Local Shocks and Internal Migration: The Disparate Effects of Robots and Chinese Imports in the U.S.

      By: Marius Faber, Andres Sarto and Marco Tabellini
      Do local labor markets adjust to economic shocks through migration? In this paper, we study this question by focusing on two of the most important shocks that hit U.S. manufacturing since the 1990s: Chinese import competition and the introduction of industrial robots.... View Details
      Keywords: Migration; Employment; Information Technology; Trade; System Shocks; United States
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      Faber, Marius, Andres Sarto, and Marco Tabellini. "Local Shocks and Internal Migration: The Disparate Effects of Robots and Chinese Imports in the U.S." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-071, December 2019. (Revised February 2023. Also appears in HBS Working Knowledge. Longer NBER working paper version here. Revise and resubmit at the European Economic Review.)
      • January 2020
      • Case

      Sunset Limited or Full Speed Ahead? Amtrak Talks to Congress

      By: John D. Macomber
      Richard Anderson took the helm of Amtrak in 2017 after leading a successful turnaround at Delta Airlines. Amtrak is a US state owned enterprise with about $3.5 bn in annual revenue (and a large operating loss) that is responsible for substantial segments of passenger... View Details
      Keywords: Railroad; Passenger Transportation; Urbanization; Cities; U.S. Congress; Infrastructure; Transition; Transportation; Rail Transportation; Climate Change; Urban Scope; Strategic Planning; Business and Government Relations; Rail Industry; United States
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      Macomber, John D. "Sunset Limited or Full Speed Ahead? Amtrak Talks to Congress." Harvard Business School Case 220-052, January 2020.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Industrial Change, the Boundary of the Firm, and Racial Employment Segregation

      By: John-Paul Ferguson and Rembrand Koning
      Racial employment segregation between large workplaces in America has grown over the last generation. We know little about how changes in patterns of employment by economic sector have contributed to this growth, though. While there are many stylized narratives about... View Details
      Keywords: Workplace Segregation; Firm Boundaries; Organizations; Employees; Segmentation; Race; Change; United States
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      Ferguson, John-Paul, and Rembrand Koning. "Industrial Change, the Boundary of the Firm, and Racial Employment Segregation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-069, December 2019.
      • December 2019
      • Case

      CME Group in 2019

      By: José B. Alvarez, Forest Reinhardt and Natalie Kindred
      Chicago-based CME Group is the world’s largest futures and options marketplace, with annual trading volume of over 4.8 billion contracts in 2018. This case is set in late 2019, as heightened perceptions of risk stemming from the U.S.-China trade war are driving record... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Markets; Risk Management; Futures and Commodity Futures; Trade; Price; Competition; Risk and Uncertainty; Competitive Strategy; United States; China; Brazil
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      Alvarez, José B., Forest Reinhardt, and Natalie Kindred. "CME Group in 2019." Harvard Business School Case 520-048, December 2019.
      • December 2019
      • Case

      Steemit: A New Social Media?

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Alexander White and Karen Elterman
      This case discusses the alternative social media site Steemit, including the principles it was founded on in 2016 and the challenges it faced in 2019. Steemit was a blockchain-based platform that aimed to differentiate itself from other social media companies by... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Making; Decisions; Voting; Economic Systems; Money; Fairness; Values and Beliefs; Goals and Objectives; Digital Platforms; Product Design; Design; Problems and Challenges; Network Effects; Motivation and Incentives; Social and Collaborative Networks; Reputation; Business Strategy; Competition; Internet and the Web; Social Media; Entertainment and Recreation Industry; United States; Virginia; New York (city, NY)
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, Alexander White, and Karen Elterman. "Steemit: A New Social Media?" Harvard Business School Case 720-428, December 2019.
      • 2019
      • Report

      A Recovery Squandered: The State of U.S. Competitiveness 2019

      By: Michael E. Porter, Jan Rivkin, Mihir Desai, Katherine M. Gehl, William R. Kerr and Manjari Raman
      In this report, the authors synthesize their views on U.S. competitiveness and unveil the findings of the 2019 HBS surveys on U.S. competitiveness. Specifically, this report—built on the survey findings and eight years of prior research on the competitiveness of the... View Details
      Keywords: U.S. Competitiveness; Competitive Strategy; Macroeconomics; Government and Politics; United States
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      Porter, Michael E., Jan Rivkin, Mihir Desai, Katherine M. Gehl, William R. Kerr, and Manjari Raman. "A Recovery Squandered: The State of U.S. Competitiveness 2019." Report, U.S. Competitiveness Project, Harvard Business School, December 2019.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Cutting the Gordian Knot of Employee Health Care Benefits and Costs: A Corporate Model Built on Employee Choice

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Barak D. Richman
      The U.S. employer-based health insurance tax exclusion created a system of employer-sponsored insurance (ESI) with limited insurance choices and transparency that may lock employed households into health plans that are costlier or different from those they prefer to... View Details
      Keywords: After-tax Income; Consumer-driven Health Care; Health Care Costs; Health Insurance; Income Inequality; Tax Policy; Health Care and Treatment; Cost; Insurance; Employees; Income; Taxation; Policy; United States
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., and Barak D. Richman. "Cutting the Gordian Knot of Employee Health Care Benefits and Costs: A Corporate Model Built on Employee Choice." Duke Law School Public Law & Legal Theory Series, No. 2020-4, December 2019. (Revised January 2021.)
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