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      • August 2023 (Revised January 2024)
      • Supplement

      Arla Foods: Data-Driven Decarbonization (B)

      By: Michael Parzen, Michael W. Toffel, Susan Pinckney and Amram Migdal
      The case describes Arla’s history, in particular its climate change mitigation efforts, and how it implemented a price incentive system to motivate individual farms to implement scope 1 greenhouse gas emissions mitigation measures and receive a higher milk price. The... View Details
      Keywords: Dairy Industry; Earnings Management; Environmental Accounting; Animal-Based Agribusiness; Mergers and Acquisitions; Decisions; Voting; Climate Change; Environmental Regulation; Environmental Sustainability; Green Technology; Pollution; Moral Sensibility; Values and Beliefs; Financial Strategy; Price; Profit; Revenue; Food; Geopolitical Units; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Global Strategy; Cooperative Ownership; Performance Efficiency; Performance Evaluation; Problems and Challenges; Natural Environment; Science-Based Business; Business Strategy; Commercial Banking; Cooperation; Corporate Strategy; Motivation and Incentives; Food and Beverage Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Europe; United Kingdom; European Union; Denmark; Sweden; Luxembourg; Belgium
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      Parzen, Michael, Michael W. Toffel, Susan Pinckney, and Amram Migdal. "Arla Foods: Data-Driven Decarbonization (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 624-036, August 2023. (Revised January 2024.)
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Targeting, Personalization, and Engagement in an Agricultural Advisory Service

      By: Susan Athey, Shawn Cole, Shanjukta Nath and Jessica Zhu
      ICT is increasingly used to deliver customized information in developing countries. We examine whether individually targeting the timing of automated voice calls meaningfully increases engagement in an agricultural advisory service. We define, estimate, and... View Details
      Keywords: Developing Countries and Economies; Knowledge Dissemination; Customization and Personalization; Performance Effectiveness
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      Athey, Susan, Shawn Cole, Shanjukta Nath, and Jessica Zhu. "Targeting, Personalization, and Engagement in an Agricultural Advisory Service." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-006, August 2023. (Revise and resubmit, Management Science.)
      • August 2023
      • Teaching Note

      Kunshan, Incorporated: The Making of China’s Richest Town

      By: William C. Kirby and Noah B. Truwit
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 313-103. The case is designed to give the students an understanding of the local Chinese entrepreneurial state and how foreign and Chinese firms have worked with it to create China’s richest small city. The major themes are—local state... View Details
      Keywords: Higher Education; Entrepreneurship; Economic Growth; Economic Systems; Business and Government Relations; Development Economics; China
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      Kirby, William C., and Noah B. Truwit. "Kunshan, Incorporated: The Making of China’s Richest Town." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 324-020, August 2023.
      • August 2023 (Revised October 2023)
      • Case

      Beyond the Barricades: Chile 2023

      By: Debora Spar, Willis Emmons, Leonard A. Schlesinger and Ruth Costas
      Chile, often considered among Latin America's greatest economic success stories, suffered a shocking wave of protests in October 2019, as its citizens demanded reforms across healthcare and education systems, and protested inequality and rising costs of living. As... View Details
      Keywords: Government Administration; Developing Countries and Economies; Economic Growth; Social Issues; Wealth and Poverty; Public Opinion; Equality and Inequality; Public Administration Industry; Chile; Latin America; South America
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      Spar, Debora, Willis Emmons, Leonard A. Schlesinger, and Ruth Costas. "Beyond the Barricades: Chile 2023." Harvard Business School Case 324-005, August 2023. (Revised October 2023.)
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Corporate Leaders Say They Are for Stakeholder Capitalism—But Which Version Exactly?: A Critical Look at Four Varieties

      By: Lynn S. Paine
      The past few years have seen an outpouring of articles and statements heralding the arrival of a new and more inclusive form of capitalism often called stakeholder capitalism. The new capitalism promises to strengthen companies, improve outcomes for their... View Details
      Keywords: Stakeholder Capitalism; Corporate Governance; Governing and Advisory Boards; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Economic Systems; Business and Shareholder Relations
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      Paine, Lynn S. "Corporate Leaders Say They Are for Stakeholder Capitalism—But Which Version Exactly? A Critical Look at Four Varieties." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-008, August 2023.
      • August 2023
      • Article

      Explaining Machine Learning Models with Interactive Natural Language Conversations Using TalkToModel

      By: Dylan Slack, Satyapriya Krishna, Himabindu Lakkaraju and Sameer Singh
      Practitioners increasingly use machine learning (ML) models, yet models have become more complex and harder to understand. To understand complex models, researchers have proposed techniques to explain model predictions. However, practitioners struggle to use... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Technological Innovation; Technology Adoption
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      Slack, Dylan, Satyapriya Krishna, Himabindu Lakkaraju, and Sameer Singh. "Explaining Machine Learning Models with Interactive Natural Language Conversations Using TalkToModel." Nature Machine Intelligence 5, no. 8 (August 2023): 873–883.
      • 2023
      • Book

      Precarious Ties: Business and the State in Authoritarian Asia

      By: Meg Rithmire
      Developing Asia has been the site of some of the last century's fastest growing economies as well as some of the world's most durable authoritarian regimes. Many accounts of rapid growth alongside monopolies on political power have focused on crony relationships... View Details
      Keywords: Business and Government Relations; Developing Countries and Economies; Economic Systems; Crime and Corruption; China; Indonesia; Malaysia
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      Rithmire, Meg. Precarious Ties: Business and the State in Authoritarian Asia. Oxford University Press, 2023.
      • July 2023 (Revised February 2024)
      • Case

      Clair

      By: Lauren Cohen, Grace Headinger and Marcos Quirno
      Clair was founded with a simple mission: to expedite America’s workers access to their hard-earned wages. In the headwinds of the COVID-19 pandemic, the startup had successfully raised a seed round of $4.5 million, and within two years the earned wage access (EWA)... View Details
      Keywords: Fintech; Ewa; Lending; Technology; Business Startups; Growth and Development Strategy; Social Enterprise; Business Strategy; Business Model; Mission and Purpose; Venture Capital; Profit; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Cohen, Lauren, Grace Headinger, and Marcos Quirno. "Clair." Harvard Business School Case 224-015, July 2023. (Revised February 2024.)
      • 2025
      • Working Paper

      Managing Remote Work Quality: Evidence from Auditing Management Systems Standards

      By: Ashley Palmarozzo, Michael W. Toffel and Melissa Ouellet
      Remote work has become more common, providing operational flexibility and productivity benefits, but questions remain about whether and how it affects work quality. We investigate the quality effects of remote work in a context in which remote work separates workers... View Details
      Keywords: Audit; Auditing; Remote Work; Compliance; Assessment; Environment; Management Systems; Quality Management; Quality Management System; Quality; Operations; Supply Chain Management; Environmental Management; Safety
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      Palmarozzo, Ashley, Michael W. Toffel, and Melissa Ouellet. "Managing Remote Work Quality: Evidence from Auditing Management Systems Standards." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-002, July 2023. (Revised February 2025.)
      • July 2023 (Revised July 2023)
      • Background Note

      Generative AI Value Chain

      By: Andy Wu and Matt Higgins
      Generative AI refers to a type of artificial intelligence (AI) that can create new content (e.g., text, image, or audio) in response to a prompt from a user. ChatGPT, Bard, and Claude are examples of text generating AIs, and DALL-E, Midjourney, and Stable Diffusion are... View Details
      Keywords: AI; Artificial Intelligence; Model; Hardware; Data Centers; AI and Machine Learning; Applications and Software; Analytics and Data Science; Value
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      Wu, Andy, and Matt Higgins. "Generative AI Value Chain." Harvard Business School Background Note 724-355, July 2023. (Revised July 2023.)
      • 2023
      • Book

      Suharto's Cold War: Indonesia, Southeast Asia, and the World

      By: Mattias Fibiger
      After the murder of senior generals in the Indonesian army by elements of the country's communist party in 1965, General Suharto orchestrated the mass killing of some half a million leftists and fellow travelers. But his ambitions spanned far beyond perpetrating a... View Details
      Keywords: Indonesia; Cold War; Political Economy; Foreign Aid; International Investment; International Relations; International Finance; History; War; Economic Systems; Government and Politics; Indonesia; Southeast Asia
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      Fibiger, Mattias. Suharto's Cold War: Indonesia, Southeast Asia, and the World. New York: Oxford University Press, 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      The Market for Sharing Interest Rate Risk: Quantities and Asset Prices

      By: Ishita Sen, Umang Khetan, Jane Li and Ioana Neamtu
      We study the extent of interest rate risk sharing across the financial system using granular positions and transactions data in interest rate swaps. We show that pension and insurance (PF&I) sector emerges as a natural counterparty to banks and corporations: overall,... View Details
      Keywords: Interest Rates; Investment Funds; Banks and Banking; Insurance; Investment Banking; Risk and Uncertainty
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      Sen, Ishita, Umang Khetan, Jane Li, and Ioana Neamtu. "The Market for Sharing Interest Rate Risk: Quantities and Asset Prices." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-052, February 2024.
      • July 2023
      • Article

      The Old Boys' Club: Schmoozing and the Gender Gap

      By: Zoë B. Cullen and Ricardo Perez-Truglia
      Offices are social places. Employees and managers take breaks together and talk about family and hobbies. In this study, we show that employees’ social interactions with their managers can be advantageous for their careers, and that this phenomenon contributes to the... View Details
      Keywords: Career; Promotions; Social Interactions; Networking; Interpersonal Communication; Familiarity; Equality and Inequality; Gender
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      Cullen, Zoë B., and Ricardo Perez-Truglia. "The Old Boys' Club: Schmoozing and the Gender Gap." American Economic Review 113, no. 7 (July 2023): 1703–1740. (Lead Article.)
      • 2023
      • Book

      The State and Capitalism in China

      By: Meg Rithmire, Margaret M. Pearson and Kellee S. Tsai
      This element explains China's political economic evolution from state socialist economy to a reform era state capitalism model to a more politicized, risk management approach we call "party-state capitalism." We emphasize the internal and external sources of perceived... View Details
      Keywords: China's Political Economy; State Capitalism; State-business Relations; State Ownership; Economic Systems; Government and Politics; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Business and Government Relations; China
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      Rithmire, Meg, Margaret M. Pearson, and Kellee S. Tsai. The State and Capitalism in China. Cambridge Elements, Elements in Politics and Society in East Asia. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2023.
      • June 2023 (Revised June 2023)
      • Supplement

      Roche: Innovation and Access to Healthcare

      By: George Serafeim
      In May 2022, Roche Group, one of the largest healthcare companies in the world, hosted its first investor event focused exclusively on its efforts to impact access to healthcare. While Roche had recently set an ambitious goal to double the number of patients that had... View Details
      Keywords: ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Sustainable Finance; Growth Strategy And Execution; Sustainability Targets; Impact Evaluation; Healthcare Access; Healthcare Innovation; Healthcare Systems; Healthcare Operations; Finance; Strategy; Health Testing and Trials; Health Care and Treatment; Growth Management; Measurement and Metrics; Innovation Strategy; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Health Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; Switzerland; North America; Europe; Asia; Latin America; Africa
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      Serafeim, George. "Roche: Innovation and Access to Healthcare." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 123-713, June 2023. (Revised June 2023.)
      • June 2023
      • Supplement

      Clash of Two Giants Simulation Exercise

      By: Feng Zhu and Marco Iansiti
      Many markets are organized around platforms that connect consumers with complementary applications and services. These platforms are two-sided because both sides - consumers and those providing applications or services - need access to the same platform to interact. A... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Acquisition; Platform Strategy; Technology Platform; Digital Platforms; Competitive Strategy; Network Effects
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      Zhu, Feng, and Marco Iansiti. "Clash of Two Giants Simulation Exercise." Harvard Business School PowerPoint Supplement 623-717, June 2023.
      • June 2023
      • Exercise

      Clash of Two Giants Simulation Exercise Instructions

      By: Feng Zhu and Marco Iansiti
      Many markets are organized around platforms that connect consumers with complimentary applications and services. These platforms are two-sided because both sides - consumers and those providing applications or services - need access to the same platform to interact. A... View Details
      Keywords: Platform Strategies; Technology Platform; Customer Acquisition; Network Effects; Digital Platforms; Marketplace Matching; Strategy
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      Zhu, Feng, and Marco Iansiti. "Clash of Two Giants Simulation Exercise Instructions." Harvard Business School Exercise 623-092, June 2023.
      • June 2023 (Revised October 2024)
      • Teaching Note

      Clash of Two Giants Simulation Exercise Teaching Note

      By: Feng Zhu
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 623-092. Many markets are organized around platforms that connect consumers with complimentary applications and services. These platforms are two-sided because both sides—consumers and those providing applications or services—need access... View Details
      Keywords: Platform Strategy; Customer Acquisition; Technology Platform; Competitive Strategy; Network Effects; Digital Platforms; Management Skills
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      Zhu, Feng. "Clash of Two Giants Simulation Exercise Teaching Note." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 623-093, June 2023. (Revised October 2024.)
      • June 2023
      • Case

      Accounting for Loan Losses at JPMorgan Chase: Predicting Credit Costs

      By: Jonas Heese, Jung Koo Kang and James Weber
      The case examines the accounting for loan losses at a large bank, how a bank sets its Allowance for Loan and Lease Losses (ALLL) on its financial statements. ALLL, and the rules that set them, determine when banks would and would not extend loans, which significantly... View Details
      Keywords: Accounting Standards; Accrual Accounting; Financial Statements; Financial Reporting; Banks and Banking; Financing and Loans; Banking Industry; United States
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      Heese, Jonas, Jung Koo Kang, and James Weber. "Accounting for Loan Losses at JPMorgan Chase: Predicting Credit Costs." Harvard Business School Case 123-042, June 2023.
      • June 2023
      • Article

      The Salary Taboo: Privacy Norms and the Diffusion of Information

      By: Zoë Cullen and Ricardo Perez-Truglia
      The limited diffusion of salary information has implications for labor markets, such as wage discrimination policies and collective bargaining. Access to salary information is believed to be limited and unequal, but there is little direct evidence on the sources of... View Details
      Keywords: Search Costs; Privacy; Norms; Compensation; Financial Industry; Field Experiment; Knowledge Dissemination; Equality and Inequality; Gender; Compensation and Benefits; Societal Protocols
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      Cullen, Zoë, and Ricardo Perez-Truglia. "The Salary Taboo: Privacy Norms and the Diffusion of Information." Art. 104890. Journal of Public Economics 222 (June 2023).
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