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      • Faculty Publications  (249)

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      • February 2013 (Revised March 2013)
      • Case

      Agero: Enhancing Capabilities for Customers

      By: Robert Simons and Natalie Kindred

      This case illustrates the importance of choosing a primary customer as the basis for organization design. Cross Country Group managers adjusted resource allocation, organization design and performance measures over time to transform Cross Country Group from an... View Details

      Keywords: Entrepreneurial Management; Entrepreneurial Gap; Entrepreneurship; Auto Industry; Insurance; Performance Management; Performance Measurement; Performance Measures; Performance Pressure; Decisions; Family Business; Resource Allocation; Organizational Design; Customer Focus and Relationships; Performance Evaluation; Growth and Development Strategy; Service Industry
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      Simons, Robert, and Natalie Kindred. "Agero: Enhancing Capabilities for Customers." Harvard Business School Case 113-001, February 2013. (Revised March 2013.)
      • December 2012 (Revised August 2013)
      • Case

      Nestlé: Agricultural Material Sourcing Within the Concept of Creating Shared Value (CSV)

      By: Ray A. Goldberg and Lorin A. Fries
      Corporate Head of Agriculture Hans Jöhr's mind raced in anticipation of the executive board meeting that afternoon. Jöhr recognized the meeting as a key opportunity to strategize far into the future, reexamining how his team's efforts in sustainable agricultural... View Details
      Keywords: Agribusiness; Value Creation; Quality; Supply Chain Management; Social Issues; Environmental Sustainability; Problems and Challenges; Growth and Development Strategy; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Health Industry
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      Goldberg, Ray A., and Lorin A. Fries. "Nestlé: Agricultural Material Sourcing Within the Concept of Creating Shared Value (CSV)." Harvard Business School Case 913-406, December 2012. (Revised August 2013.)
      • December 2012
      • Article

      What Drives Corporate Social Performance? The Role of Nation-level Institutions

      By: Ioannis Ioannou and George Serafeim
      Based on Whitley's "National Business Systems" (NBS) institutional framework (Whitley 1997, 1999), we theorize about and empirically investigate the impact of nation-level institutions on firms' corporate social performance (CSP). Using a sample of firms from 42... View Details
      Keywords: Environment; Environmental Performance; Corporate Social Responsibility; Sustainability; Institutions; Institutional Theory; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Governance
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      Ioannou, Ioannis, and George Serafeim. "What Drives Corporate Social Performance? The Role of Nation-level Institutions." Journal of International Business Studies 43, no. 9 (December 2012): 834–864.
      • October 8, 2012
      • Column

      Henkel's Culture Shift

      By: Robert Simons
      This case descriibes a CEO-led organizational transformation driven by stretch goals, performance measurement, and accountability. When Kasper Rorsted became CEO of Henkel, a Germany-based producer of personal care, laundry, and adhesives products, in 2008, he was... View Details
      Keywords: Strategy Execution; Culture; New CEO; Change; Performance Measures; Accountability; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Corporate Accountability; Leading Change; Competitive Strategy; Organizational Culture; Performance Evaluation; Consumer Products Industry; Germany
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      Simons, Robert. "Henkel's Culture Shift." The Case Study. FT.com (October 8, 2012).
      • April 2012
      • Article

      Broadening Focus: Spillovers, Complementarities and Specialization in the Hospital Industry

      By: Jonathan R. Clark and Robert S. Huckman
      The long-standing argument that focused operations outperform others stands in contrast to claims about the benefits of broader operational scope. The performance benefits of focus are typically attributed to reduced complexity, lower uncertainty, and the development... View Details
      Keywords: Performance Capacity; Operations; Advertising; Production; Corporate Strategy; Relationships; Medical Specialties; Complexity; Risk and Uncertainty; Experience and Expertise; Diversification; Quality; Health Industry
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      Clark, Jonathan R., and Robert S. Huckman. "Broadening Focus: Spillovers, Complementarities and Specialization in the Hospital Industry." Management Science 58, no. 4 (April 2012): 708–722.
      • February 2012
      • Case

      Henkel: Building a Winning Culture

      By: Robert Simons and Natalie Kindred
      This case illustrates a CEO-led organizational transformation driven by stretch goals, performance measurement, and accountability. When Kasper Rorsted became CEO of Henkel, a Germany-based producer of personal care, laundry, and adhesives products, in 2008, he was... View Details
      Keywords: Performance Measurement; Performance Appraisals; Human Resource Management; Values; Organizational Transformations; Pay For Performance; Strategy Execution; Values and Beliefs; Work-Life Balance; Organizational Culture; Human Resources; Performance Evaluation; Compensation and Benefits
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      Simons, Robert, and Natalie Kindred. "Henkel: Building a Winning Culture." Harvard Business School Case 112-060, February 2012.
      • 2012
      • Working Paper

      The Impact of Modularity on Intellectual Property and Value Appropriation

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Joachim Henkel
      Modularity is a means of partitioning technical knowledge about a product or process. When state-sanctioned intellectual property rights are ineffective or costly to enforce, modularity can be used to hide information and thus protect intellectual property (IP). We... View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; Open Source Distribution; Value; Complexity; Intellectual Property
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y., and Joachim Henkel. "The Impact of Modularity on Intellectual Property and Value Appropriation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-040, December 2011. (Revised November 2012.)
      • September – October 2011
      • Article

      The Manufacturer's Incentive to Reduce Lead Times

      By: Santiago Kraiselburd, Richard Pibernik and Ananth Raman
      It is generally a well acknowledged fact that, ceteris paribus, reducing the lead times between downstream and upstream parties in a supply chain is desirable from an overall system perspective. However, an upstream party (e.g., a manufacturer) may have strong... View Details
      Keywords: Cost; Demand and Consumers; Order Taking and Fulfillment; Production; Supply Chain Management; Sales; Manufacturing Industry; Retail Industry
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      Kraiselburd, Santiago, Richard Pibernik, and Ananth Raman. "The Manufacturer's Incentive to Reduce Lead Times." Production and Operations Management 20, no. 5 (September–October 2011): 639–653.
      • Article

      Economic Impacts of Immigration: A Survey

      By: Sari Pekkala Kerr and William R. Kerr
      This paper surveys recent empirical studies on the economic impacts of immigration. The survey first examines the magnitude of immigration as an economic phenomenon in various host countries. The second part deals with the assimilation of immigrant workers into... View Details
      Keywords: Surveys; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Immigration; Economic Systems; Human Capital; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Fluctuation; Situation or Environment; Labor and Management Relations; United States; Europe
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      Kerr, Sari Pekkala, and William R. Kerr. "Economic Impacts of Immigration: A Survey." Finnish Economic Papers 24, no. 1 (Spring 2011): 1–32.
      • January – February 2011
      • Article

      Creating Shared Value

      By: Michael E. Porter and Mark R. Kramer
      The capitalist system is under siege. In recent years business has been criticized as a major cause of social, environmental, and economic problems. Companies are widely thought to be prospering at the expense of their communities. Trust in business has fallen to new... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Value and Value Chain; Economic Growth; Economic Systems; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Trust; Human Needs; Welfare; Competitive Advantage; Value Creation
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      Porter, Michael E., and Mark R. Kramer. "Creating Shared Value." Harvard Business Review 89, nos. 1-2 (January–February 2011): 62–77.
      • October 2010 (Revised December 2015)
      • Supplement

      Toyota Motor Corporation: 1990-2010

      By: Roy D. Shapiro and Stephanie van Sice
      This case follows Toyota's remarkable growth and geographic expansion from 1990 to 2010 and, in the recalls of 2009 and 2010, poses questions about the impact of that growth. Issues of increasing technological complexity also play a part. View Details
      Keywords: Growth and Development; Problems and Challenges; Expansion; Complexity; Technology; Auto Industry
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      Shapiro, Roy D., and Stephanie van Sice. "Toyota Motor Corporation: 1990-2010." Harvard Business School Supplement 611-035, October 2010. (Revised December 2015.)
      • September 2010
      • Article

      How Firms Respond to Being Rated

      By: Aaron K. Chatterji and Michael W. Toffel
      While many rating systems seek to help buyers overcome information asymmetries when making purchasing decisions, we investigate how these ratings also influence the companies being rated. We hypothesize that ratings are particularly likely to spur responses from firms... View Details
      Keywords: System; Information; Decisions; Cost; Opportunities; Performance; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Economics; Theory; System Shocks; Rank and Position
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      Chatterji, Aaron K., and Michael W. Toffel. "How Firms Respond to Being Rated." Strategic Management Journal 31, no. 9 (September 2010): 917–945. (Lead article.)
      • 2010
      • Mimeo

      An Analysis of the Impact of 'Substantially Heightened' Capital Requirements on Large Financial Institutions

      By: Anil Kashyap, Jeremy C. Stein and Samuel G. Hanson
      We examine the impact of "substantially heightened" capital requirements on large financial institutions, and on their customers. Our analysis yields three main conclusions. First, the frictions associated with raising new external equity finance are likely to be... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Institutions; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Capital; Equity; Financing and Loans; Credit
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      Kashyap, Anil, Jeremy C. Stein, and Samuel G. Hanson. "An Analysis of the Impact of 'Substantially Heightened' Capital Requirements on Large Financial Institutions." 2010. Mimeo.
      • May 2010
      • Article

      Bye Bye Bundles: The Unbundling of Music in Digital Channels

      By: Anita Elberse
      Fueled by digital distribution, unbundling is prevalent in many information industries. What is the effect of this unbundling on sales? And what bundle characteristics drive this effect? I empirically examine these questions in the context of the music industry, using... View Details
      Keywords: Unbundling; Bundling; Digital Distribution; System-of-equations Modeling; Sales; Distribution Channels; Framework; Mathematical Methods; Revenue; Reputation; Internet and the Web; System; E-commerce; Information Industry; Music Industry
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      Elberse, Anita. "Bye Bye Bundles: The Unbundling of Music in Digital Channels." Journal of Marketing 74, no. 3 (May 2010): 107–123.
      • Article

      Open to Negotiation: Phenomenological Assumptions and Knowledge Dissemination

      By: Corinne Bendersky and Kathleen L. McGinn
      Phenomenological assumptions-assumptions about the fundamental qualities of the phenomenon being studied and how it relates to the environment in which it occurs-affect the dissemination of knowledge from subfields to the broader field of study. Micro-process research... View Details
      Keywords: Framework; Knowledge Dissemination; Research; Organizations; Negotiation; Information Publishing
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      Bendersky, Corinne, and Kathleen L. McGinn. "Open to Negotiation: Phenomenological Assumptions and Knowledge Dissemination." Organization Science 21, no. 3 (May–June 2010): 781–797. (Also published in Academy of Management Best Paper Proceedings 2008, Organization and Management Theory Division, under title: Incompatible Assumptions: Barriers to Producing Multidisciplinary Knowledge.)
      • March 2010 (Revised June 2010)
      • Case

      Whose Money Is It Anyway? (A)

      By: V.G. Narayanan, Richard G. Hamermesh and Rachel Gordon
      The Brigham and Women's Physician's Organization (BWPO) and its corporate parent disagree over who has jurisdiction over significant legacy funds. Are they controlled by the BWPO or do they belong to BWPO's corporate parent? The BWPO and its corporate parent must... View Details
      Keywords: Accounting; Investment Funds; Governance Controls; Agreements and Arrangements; Boundaries; Health Industry
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      Narayanan, V.G., Richard G. Hamermesh, and Rachel Gordon. "Whose Money Is It Anyway? (A)." Harvard Business School Case 810-008, March 2010. (Revised June 2010.)
      • 2010
      • Chapter

      Measuring and Managing Macrofinancial Risk and Financial Stability: A New Framework

      By: Dale F. Gray, Robert C. Merton and Zvi Bodie
      This paper proposes a new approach to improve the way central banks can analyze and manage the financial risks of a national economy. It is based on the modern theory and practice of contingent claims analysis (CCA), which is successfully used today at the level of... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Statements; Economy; Financial Condition; Central Banking; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Management Practices and Processes; Risk Management; Measurement and Metrics; System Shocks
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      Gray, Dale F., Robert C. Merton, and Zvi Bodie. "Measuring and Managing Macrofinancial Risk and Financial Stability: A New Framework." In Financial Stability, Monetary Policy, and Central Banking. Vol. 15, edited by Alfaro A. Rodrigo and Cifuentes S. Rodrigo., 2010.
      • December 2009
      • Article

      Hiding the Evidence of Valid Theories: How Coupled Search Processes Obscure Performance Differences Among Organizations

      By: Nicolaj Siggelkow and Jan Rivkin
      Theorists argue that an organization's high-level choices, such as its organizational design or the attributes of its top management team, should influence its performance, yet empirical researchers have struggled to detect such influence. The impact of high-level... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Management Teams; Organizational Design; Performance Effectiveness; Power and Influence; Balance and Stability
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      Siggelkow, Nicolaj, and Jan Rivkin. "Hiding the Evidence of Valid Theories: How Coupled Search Processes Obscure Performance Differences Among Organizations." Administrative Science Quarterly 54, no. 4 (December 2009): 602 – 634.
      • 2009
      • Other Paper

      Trade Policy and Firm Boundaries

      By: Laura Alfaro, Paola Conconi, Andrew F. Newman and Harald Fadinger
      We examine how trade policy affects firms' organizational choices. We embed a model of firms' vertical integration decisions into a standard perfectly-competitive international trade framework. In the model, integration decisions are driven by a trade-off... View Details
      Keywords: Trade; Policy; Ownership; Business and Government Relations; Vertical Integration; Boundaries
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      Alfaro, Laura, Paola Conconi, Andrew F. Newman, and Harald Fadinger. "Trade Policy and Firm Boundaries."
      • September 2009 (Revised May 2011)
      • Supplement

      Acumen Fund: Measurement in Impact Investing (B)

      By: Alnoor Ebrahim and V. Kasturi Rangan
      As Acumen Fund, a global venture philanthropy firm, moves forward with an investment portfolio exceeding $22 million, it runs into two critical measurement problems. First, how should it track the performance of each investment when its interest is not just the bottom... View Details
      Keywords: Venture Capital; Investment Portfolio; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Standards; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Performance Evaluation; Social Enterprise; Competition; Financial Services Industry; Kenya
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      Ebrahim, Alnoor, and V. Kasturi Rangan. "Acumen Fund: Measurement in Impact Investing (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 310-017, September 2009. (Revised May 2011.)
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