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- All HBS Web
(4,620)
- People (4)
- News (730)
- Research (3,162)
- Events (23)
- Multimedia (14)
- Faculty Publications (2,066)
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- April 1995 (Revised June 2002)
- Case
Xerox: Outsourcing Global Information Technology Resources
By: Lynda M. Applegate and Kevin Davis
In order to increase revenues, develop new technologies, and manage information technology more efficiently, Xerox decided to sign a 10-year, $3.2 billion contract with Electronic Data Systems (EDS). This case describes the events that preceded Xerox's decision to... View Details
Keywords: Information Technology; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Job Cuts and Outsourcing; Information Technology Industry
Applegate, Lynda M., and Kevin Davis. "Xerox: Outsourcing Global Information Technology Resources." Harvard Business School Case 195-158, April 1995. (Revised June 2002.)
- Fall 2024
- Article
The Three Traps That Stymie Reinvention: Organizational Identity, Architecture, and Collaboration Can Be Either Assets or Liabilities to Pursuing Growth in New Sectors
By: Ryan Raffaelli
In more than a decade of researching innovation, I have observed how organizations respond to new opportunities, technological changes, or unexpected market shifts that threaten to upend their current business model. This process, which I call reinvention, may occur... View Details
Keywords: Innovation And Strategy; Change Leadership; Collaboration; Architecture; Transformation; Disruption; Leading Change; Innovation Strategy; Identity; Organizational Culture; Organizational Structure
Raffaelli, Ryan. "The Three Traps That Stymie Reinvention: Organizational Identity, Architecture, and Collaboration Can Be Either Assets or Liabilities to Pursuing Growth in New Sectors." MIT Sloan Management Review 66, no. 1 (Fall 2024): 46–52. (Cover story.)
- June 1995
- Case
Northern Telecom and Netas (B): Transferring Technology to Central Asia
By: Rosabeth M. Kanter, Kalman D. Applbaum and Pamela A. Yatsko
In the early 1990s, the Turkish telecommunications firm, Netas, established joint ventures in Azerbaijan and Kazakhstan as miniature replications of Netas's own experience on the receiving end of technology transfer with Netas's 51% owner, Northern Telecom. This case... View Details
Keywords: Joint Ventures; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Change Management; Transition; Developing Countries and Economies; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Learning; Technology Adoption; Telecommunications Industry; Turkey; Kazakhstan; Azerbaijan
Kanter, Rosabeth M., Kalman D. Applbaum, and Pamela A. Yatsko. "Northern Telecom and Netas (B): Transferring Technology to Central Asia." Harvard Business School Case 395-088, June 1995.
- July 1997 (Revised February 1998)
- Case
Aladdin Knowledge Systems
By: John A. Quelch
The founder, president, and CEO of a leading software security company has just announced the $5.1 million cash acquisition of a key competitor. As a result, his company becomes the market share leader in Europe and number two in the United States. But now, he and the... View Details
Keywords: Distribution; Marketing; Applications and Software; Globalization; Acquisition; Sales; Information Technology Industry; United States; Europe
Quelch, John A., and Robin Root. "Aladdin Knowledge Systems." Harvard Business School Case 598-018, July 1997. (Revised February 1998.)
- October 1996 (Revised January 1998)
- Case
Sony Corporation: Car Navigation Systems
By: John A. Quelch
In the summer of 1996, Masao Morita, president of Sony Personal Mobile Communication Co., contemplated how to formulate its multinational marketing strategy for the fast-changing car navigation systems market. Morita needed to resolve the conflicting views within his... View Details
Keywords: Geographic Location; Marketing Strategy; Product Launch; Standards; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Conflict and Resolution; Auto Industry; Electronics Industry; Japan
Quelch, John A., and Yoshinori Fujikawa. "Sony Corporation: Car Navigation Systems." Harvard Business School Case 597-032, October 1996. (Revised January 1998.)
- May 1992 (Revised January 2000)
- Case
Asea Brown Boveri: The ABACUS System
By: Robert L. Simons
Describes the computer-based information system (ABACUS) used to monitor and control business operations in a complex, global company. Describes the technical attributes of the database system, financial reporting requirements, target setting and profit calculations on... View Details
Keywords: Financial Reporting; Profit; Business Growth and Maturation; Analytics and Data Science; Design; Accounting Audits; Growth and Development; Globalized Firms and Management; Complexity; Technology Industry
Simons, Robert L. "Asea Brown Boveri: The ABACUS System." Harvard Business School Case 192-140, May 1992. (Revised January 2000.)
- March 2000
- Case
Aspect Medical Systems
By: Richard M.J. Bohmer and Naomi Atkins
Entrepreneur Nassib Chamoun has created an innovative anesthesiology device that monitors patients' consciousness levels during surgery. This case tracks how Chamoun and his executive team built the infrastructure of the company and actively managed the adoption... View Details
Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Entrepreneurship; Independent Innovation and Invention; Infrastructure; Product Design; Product Development; Problems and Challenges; Adoption; Competitive Strategy; Technology Industry
Bohmer, Richard M.J., and Naomi Atkins. "Aspect Medical Systems." Harvard Business School Case 600-076, March 2000.
- November 2018
- Article
Disruptive Innovation: An Intellectual History and Directions for Future Research
By: Clayton M. Christensen, Rory McDonald, Elizabeth J. Altman and Jonathan E. Palmer
The concept of disruptive innovation has gained considerable currency among practitioners despite widespread misunderstanding of its core principles. Similarly, foundational research on disruption has elicited frequent citation and vibrant debate in academic circles,... View Details
Keywords: Innovation Metrics; Systemic Industries; Technology Trajectories; Disruptive Innovation; Theory; History; Competitive Strategy; Research
Christensen, Clayton M., Rory McDonald, Elizabeth J. Altman, and Jonathan E. Palmer. "Disruptive Innovation: An Intellectual History and Directions for Future Research." Special Issue on Managing in the Age of Disruptions. Journal of Management Studies 55, no. 7 (November 2018): 1043–1078.
- June 2001
- Background Note
IT Asset: the "Legacy" System Problem
By: Richard L. Nolan
Describes the legacy system problem facing traditional companies as they strive to build strategic I-Nets. Identifies the key trends amplifying legacy system problems that cause IT assets to become IT liabilities. View Details
- 2019
- Working Paper
Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 16 Capturing Value by Controlling Bottlenecks in Open Platform Systems
The purpose of this chapter is to investigate the means by which firms capture value in open platform systems. I begin by arguing that the surplus value created by complementarities within a technical system will be split among the owners of the unique and essential... View Details
Keywords: Open Platforms; Bottlenecks; Flow Production; Value Capture; Disintermediation; Production; Management; Digital Platforms
Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 16 Capturing Value by Controlling Bottlenecks in Open Platform Systems." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-054, November 2019.
- March 1994 (Revised August 1997)
- Case
Raychem Corp.: Interconnection Systems Division
By: Clayton M. Christensen
Describes the highly successful efforts of a management team to turn around the performance of a $30 million Raychem division that manufactures electronic connectors. The original manufacturing system was a batch operation, with a broad product line, high inventories,... View Details
Keywords: Cost Management; Time Management; Production; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Success; Performance; Strategy; Competitive Strategy; Electronics Industry
Christensen, Clayton M. "Raychem Corp.: Interconnection Systems Division." Harvard Business School Case 694-063, March 1994. (Revised August 1997.)
- 2021
- Other Unpublished Work
Computer-Implemented Methods and Systems for Measuring, Estimating, and Managing Economic Outcomes and Technical Debt in Software Systems and Projects: US Patent 11,126,427 B2
By: Daniel J. Sturtevant, Carliss Baldwin, Alan MacCormack, Sunny Ahn and Sean Gilliland
An interrelated set of tools and methods is disclosed for: (1) measuring the relationship between software source code attributes (such as code quality, design quality, test quality, and complexity metrics) and software economics outcome metrics (such as... View Details
Sturtevant, Daniel J., Carliss Baldwin, Alan MacCormack, Sunny Ahn, and Sean Gilliland. "Computer-Implemented Methods and Systems for Measuring, Estimating, and Managing Economic Outcomes and Technical Debt in Software Systems and Projects: US Patent 11,126,427 B2." Cambridge, MA, September 2021.
- November 2003 (Revised December 2003)
- Case
Proteome Systems Limited: The First Five Years
A Sydney-based biotechnology company is moving from the development of proteomics technology to the commercialization of its first instruments in the worldwide proteomics market. The case study highlights the range of activities engaged in by the 120-person company,... View Details
Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Information Technology; Commercialization; Entrepreneurship; Biotechnology Industry; Sydney
West, Jonathan, and Mona Ashiya. "Proteome Systems Limited: The First Five Years." Harvard Business School Case 604-049, November 2003. (Revised December 2003.)
- April 2005 (Revised November 2005)
- Case
Information Technology at COSCO
By: F. Warren McFarlan, Guoqing Chen and David Lane
Describes the current status of IT applications at the second largest container shipping company in the world: China-based COSCO. Describes the challenges the company has faced in dealing with its development and shows a series of organizational and application... View Details
Keywords: Information Technology; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Problems and Challenges; Shipping Industry; China
McFarlan, F. Warren, Guoqing Chen, and David Lane. "Information Technology at COSCO." Harvard Business School Case 305-080, April 2005. (Revised November 2005.)
- December 2017
- Article
Is There a Doctor in the House? Expert Product Users, Organizational Roles, and Innovation
By: Riitta Katila, Sruthi Thatchenkery, Michael Christensen and Stefanos A. Zenios
We explore the impact on innovation that professional end-users of a product have as inventors, executives, and board members in a young firm. In contrast to prior literature, which has emphasized technology roles, we put the spotlight on the executive and governance... View Details
Keywords: Innovation; User Innovation; Healthcare; Innovation and Management; Entrepreneurship; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
Katila, Riitta, Sruthi Thatchenkery, Michael Christensen, and Stefanos A. Zenios. "Is There a Doctor in the House? Expert Product Users, Organizational Roles, and Innovation." Academy of Management Journal 60, no. 6 (December 2017): 2415–2437.
- 2024
- Working Paper
Demographically Biased Technological Change
By: Victor Manuel Bennett, John-Paul Ferguson, Masoomeh Kalantari and Rembrand Koning
Who gets the jobs that automation creates? A consensus has begun to emerge that said technologies complement rather than substitute for labor. However, they also shift the demand for specific types of skills and other worker competencies. Such shifts imply unequal... View Details
Bennett, Victor Manuel, John-Paul Ferguson, Masoomeh Kalantari, and Rembrand Koning. "Demographically Biased Technological Change." Working Paper, June 2024.
- July 1995 (Revised April 1996)
- Case
Cambridge Technology Partners (A)
By: Teresa M. Amabile, George P. Baker III and Michael Beer
Cambridge Technology Partners uses a highly innovative product strategy, supported by a human resources strategy, that has been very successful. However, high growth rates jeopardize product quality while tension about relative compensation levels between sales and... View Details
Keywords: Growth Management; Compensation and Benefits; Organizational Culture; Quality; Human Resources; Relationships; Innovation and Invention; Consulting Industry; Massachusetts
Amabile, Teresa M., George P. Baker III, and Michael Beer. "Cambridge Technology Partners (A)." Harvard Business School Case 496-005, July 1995. (Revised April 1996.)
- February 1990 (Revised July 1990)
- Case
Internal Revenue Service: Automated Collection System
By: Nitin Nohria
Describes how the IRS's collection operations changed from a largely manual system (COF) to an automated system (ACS). A central aspect of ACS was the electronic scheduling and maintaining of work. While with ACS the IRS accomplished significant improvements in the... View Details
Keywords: Sovereign Finance; Revenue; Information Technology; Taxation; Change Management; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Organizational Design; Human Resources; Public Administration Industry; United States
Nohria, Nitin. "Internal Revenue Service: Automated Collection System." Harvard Business School Case 490-042, February 1990. (Revised July 1990.)
- January 2023 (Revised August 2023)
- Case
Veeva Systems and the Transformation to a Public Benefit Corporation
By: Ranjay Gulati and Allison M. Ciechanover
Peter Gassner, the co-founder and CEO of Veeva Systems, steered the company through rapid scaling from its launch in 2007 to 2022. Year after year, the company had exceeded expectations, with its market capitalization reaching $50 billion at its peak. By 2022, the... View Details
Keywords: Transformation; Corporate Governance; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Culture; Information Technology Industry; Information Technology Industry; United States; California
Gulati, Ranjay, and Allison M. Ciechanover. "Veeva Systems and the Transformation to a Public Benefit Corporation." Harvard Business School Case 423-045, January 2023. (Revised August 2023.)
- 2009
- Working Paper
Technology Innovation and Diffusion as Sources of Output and Asset Price Fluctuations
By: Diego A. Comin, Mark Gertler and Ana Maria Santacreu
We develop a model in which innovations in an economy's growth potential are an important driving force of the business cycle. The framework shares the emphasis of the recent "new shock" literature on revisions of beliefs about the future as a source of fluctuations,... View Details
Keywords: Business Cycles; Economic Growth; Asset Pricing; Technological Innovation; Mathematical Methods; System Shocks; Technology Adoption
Comin, Diego A., Mark Gertler, and Ana Maria Santacreu. "Technology Innovation and Diffusion as Sources of Output and Asset Price Fluctuations." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-134, May 2009. (Revise and Resubmit at the Journal of Political Economy.)