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  • March 2022 (Revised April 2023)
  • Case

Pittsburgh: A Successful City?

By: Karen Mills, Caroline Elkins, Vikram Gandhi, Gabriella Elanbeck and Zeke Gillman
Pittsburgh, PA, was once the crown jewel of American heavy industry. During the 19th and 20th centuries, the city was an undisputed leader in steel production, boasting some of the largest companies and wealthiest individuals in the world. Its abundance of... View Details
Keywords: Economic And Social Disparities; Economic Development; Local Economic Development; Contextual Intelligence; Contextual Knowledge; Context; City Growth; City Innovation; City Leadership; Pittsburgh; Local Government; Local Stakeholders; Business And Community; Business And Community Relations; Community Engagement; Community Relations; Cross-sector Collaboration; Innovation; Innovation Economy; Innovation Clusters; Innovation Ecosystems; Shared Prosperity; Equality Of Opportunity; Equity; Inclusion; Business And Government; Business ＆ Government Relations; Business And Government Relations; Business And Society; Neighborhoods; Race And Ethnicity; Innovation ＆ Entrepreneurship; Diversity; Ethnicity; Race; Household; Income; Economic Growth; Economic Sectors; Economics; Local Range; Urban Development; Urban Scope; City; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Government and Politics; Government Administration; Growth and Development; History; Leadership; Goals and Objectives; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Society; Civil Society or Community; Culture; Human Needs; Public Opinion; Public Sector; Social Issues; Poverty; Equality and Inequality; Manufacturing Industry; Steel Industry; Education Industry; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; Technology Industry; United States; Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania
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    William E. Fruhan

    Professor WILLIAM E. FRUHAN, JR. is George E. Bates Professor, Emeritus at the Harvard Business School. He received his BS degree from Yale University, and his MBA and DBA degrees from Harvard University.  He has served as Senior Associate Dean and Director of... View Details

    Keywords: aircraft; airline; chemical; electronics; grocery; medical supplies; oil ＆ gas; pharmaceuticals; retailing; steel
    • 2021
    • Article

    Fair Influence Maximization: A Welfare Optimization Approach

    By: Aida Rahmattalabi, Shahin Jabbari, Himabindu Lakkaraju, Phebe Vayanos, Max Izenberg, Ryan Brown, Eric Rice and Milind Tambe
    Several behavioral, social, and public health interventions, such as suicide/HIV prevention or community preparedness against natural disasters, leverage social network information to maximize outreach. Algorithmic influence maximization techniques have been proposed... View Details
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    • Article

    Exploring the Duality Between Product and Organizational Architectures: A Test of the 'Mirroring' Hypothesis

    By: Alan MacCormack, Carliss Y. Baldwin and John Rusnak
    A variety of academic studies argue that a relationship exists between the structure of an organization and the design of the products that the organization produces. Specifically, products tend to "mirror" the architectures of the organizations in which they are... View Details
    Keywords: Organization Design; Architecture; Modularity; Open Source Software; Communication; Design; Governance; Management Practices and Processes; Open Source Distribution; Product Design; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Structure; Performance; Problems and Challenges; Behavior; Software
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    • August 2023 (Revised March 2024)
    • Case

    Arla Foods: Data-Driven Decarbonization (A)

    By: Michael Parzen, Michael W. Toffel, Susan Pinckney and Amram Migdal
    The case describes Arla’s history, in particular its climate change mitigation efforts, and how it implemented a price incentive system to motivate individual farms to implement scope 1 greenhouse gas emissions mitigation measures and receive a higher milk price. The... View Details
    Keywords: Dairy Industry; Business Earnings; Agribusiness; Animal-Based Agribusiness; Acquisition; Mergers and Acquisitions; Decision Making; Decisions; Voting; Environmental Management; Climate Change; Environmental Regulation; Environmental Sustainability; Green Technology; Pollution; Moral Sensibility; Values and Beliefs; Financial Strategy; Price; Profit; Revenue; Food; Geopolitical Units; Global Strategy; Ownership Type; Cooperative Ownership; Performance Efficiency; Performance Evaluation; Problems and Challenges; Natural Environment; Science-Based Business; Business Strategy; Commercialization; Cooperation; Corporate Strategy; Food and Beverage Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Europe; United Kingdom; European Union; Germany; Denmark; Sweden; Luxembourg; Belgium
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    • December 18, 2024
    • Article

    Is AI the Right Tool to Solve That Problem?

    By: Paolo Cervini, Chiara Farronato, Pushmeet Kohli and Marshall W Van Alstyne
    While AI has the potential to solve major problems, organizations embarking on such journeys of often encounter obstacles. They include a dearth of high-quality data; too many possible solutions; the lack of a clear, measurable objective; and difficulty in identifying... View Details
    Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; AI and Machine Learning; Problems and Challenges
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    • Article

    Tread Lightly Through These Accounting Minefields

    By: H. David Sherman and S. David Young
    In the current economic climate, there is tremendous pressure—and personal incentive for managers—to report sales growth and meet investors' revenue expectations. As a result, more companies have been issuing misleading financial reports, according to the SEC,... View Details
    Keywords: Derivatives; Benchmarking Performance; Accounting; Revenue Recognition; Assets
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    • August 2023 (Revised January 2024)
    • Supplement

    Arla Foods: Data-Driven Decarbonization (B)

    By: Michael Parzen, Michael W. Toffel, Susan Pinckney and Amram Migdal
    The case describes Arla’s history, in particular its climate change mitigation efforts, and how it implemented a price incentive system to motivate individual farms to implement scope 1 greenhouse gas emissions mitigation measures and receive a higher milk price. The... View Details
    Keywords: Dairy Industry; Earnings Management; Environmental Accounting; Animal-Based Agribusiness; Mergers and Acquisitions; Decisions; Voting; Climate Change; Environmental Regulation; Environmental Sustainability; Green Technology; Pollution; Moral Sensibility; Values and Beliefs; Financial Strategy; Price; Profit; Revenue; Food; Geopolitical Units; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Global Strategy; Cooperative Ownership; Performance Efficiency; Performance Evaluation; Problems and Challenges; Natural Environment; Science-Based Business; Business Strategy; Commercial Banking; Cooperation; Corporate Strategy; Motivation and Incentives; Food and Beverage Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Europe; United Kingdom; European Union; Denmark; Sweden; Luxembourg; Belgium
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    • Article

    Mission-Driven Governance

    By: Raymond Fisman, Rakesh Khurana and Edward Martenson

    The purpose of this paper is to provide a useful, easily applied theory of governance performance. The existing model is fundamentally adversarial, rooted in the paradigm of principal-agent conflict. At its base is an image of governance as a never-ending struggle... View Details

    Keywords: Corporate Governance; Governing and Advisory Boards; Knowledge Management; Standards; Mission and Purpose; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Performance Effectiveness; Performance Evaluation
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    • January–February 2024
    • Article

    Shared Service Delivery Can Increase Client Engagement: A Study of Shared Medical Appointments

    By: Ryan W. Buell, Kamalini Ramdas, Nazlı Sönmez, Kavitha Srinivasan and Rengaraj Venkatesh
    Problem Definition: Clients and service providers alike often consider one-on-one service delivery to be ideal, assuming – perhaps unquestioningly – that devoting individualized attention best improves client outcomes. In contrast, in shared service delivery, clients... View Details
    Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Customer Satisfaction; Outcome or Result; Performance Improvement
    Related
    • 24 Jan 2017
    • First Look

    First Look at New Research: January 24, 2017

    including aging populations and medical technology. But an underlying and misunderstood source of health care’s escalating costs has been the inability of health care provider organizations (such as large academic medical centers) to properly View Details
    Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
    • January 2015 (Revised July 2019)
    • Case

    CVS Health: Promoting Drug Adherence

    By: Leslie John, John Quelch and Robert Huckman
    Email mking@hbs.edu for a courtesy copy.

    The case describes a program that CVS Health recently implemented to improve medication adherence, an important problem from a societal, public policy, and firm... View Details
    Keywords: Medication Adherence; Affordable Care Act (ACA); Marketing Strategy; Communication Strategy; Customer Value and Value Chain; Decisions; Health Care and Treatment; Goals and Objectives; Resource Allocation; Marketing Communications; Consumer Behavior; Measurement and Metrics; Service Delivery; Behavior; Motivation and Incentives; Social Issues; Information Technology; Value Creation; Health Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; Insurance Industry; Public Relations Industry; Retail Industry; United States
    Related
    • Web

    Value-Based Health Care - Institute For Strategy And Competitiveness

    Measure Outcomes & Cost for Every Patient Outcomes and cost are measured for every patient. Aligning Reimbursement with Value Reimbursement models that reward both better outcomes and efficiency of care,... View Details
    • October 2016 (Revised January 2017)
    • Supplement

    Bally Total Fitness (B): The Fall, 2005–2016

    By: John R. Wells and Gabriel Ellsworth
    By many measures the largest health-club chain in the United States in the early 2000s, Bally Total Fitness sold most of its remaining fitness clubs to 24 Hour Fitness in 2014 and disappeared from the industry top 100 rankings. After Bally was bedeviled by accounting... View Details
    Keywords: Bally Total Fitness; Accounting; Accounting Audits; Accrual Accounting; Business Earnings; Revenue Recognition; Financial Statements; Acquisition; Business Exit or Shutdown; For-Profit Firms; Crime and Corruption; Borrowing and Debt; Capital; Capital Structure; Cash; Cash Flow; Public Equity; Financial Condition; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Financing and Loans; Investment Activism; Profit; Revenue; Geographic Scope; Business History; Executive Compensation; Resignation and Termination; Annual Reports; Contracts; Lawsuits and Litigation; Business or Company Management; Marketing; Market Entry and Exit; Private Ownership; Public Ownership; Problems and Challenges; Strategy; Business Strategy; Competition; Corporate Strategy; Health Industry; Accounting Industry; United States; Illinois; Chicago
    Related
    • 08 Nov 2012
    • Working Paper Summaries

    Admitting Mistakes: Home Country Effect on the Reliability of Restatement Reporting

    Keywords: by Suraj Srinivasan, Aida Sijamic Wahid & Gwen Yu
    • 26 Sep 2017
    • First Look

    First Look at New Research and Ideas, September 26, 2017

    through a new survey instrument that allows us to codify CEOs’ diaries in a detailed and comparable fashion and to build a bottom-up measure of CEO labor supply. The comparison of 1,114 family and professional CEOs reveals that family... View Details
    Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
    • 06 Jul 2012
    • Working Paper Summaries

    Looking Up and Looking Out: Career Mobility Effects of Demographic Similarity among Professionals

    Keywords: by Kathleen L. McGinn & Katherine L. Milkman; Legal Services
    • October 2017
    • Article

    Toward a Prescriptive Theory of Dynamic Capabilities: Connecting Strategic Choice, Learning, and Competition

    By: Gary P. Pisano
    The field of strategy has mounted an enormous effort to understand, define, predict, and measure how organizational capabilities shape competitive advantage. While the notion that capabilities influence strategy dates back to the work of Andrews (1971, The Concept... View Details
    Keywords: Business Admnistration; Market Structure; Firm Structure; Market Efficiency; Competency and Skills; Organizational Structure; Strategy
    Related
    • 03 Nov 2015
    • First Look

    November 3, 2015

    discretion. This is because, when faced with similar applicant pools, managers who exercise more discretion (as measured by their likelihood of overruling job test recommendations) systematically end up with worse hires. Download working... View Details
    Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
    • 16 Feb 2024
    • Research & Ideas

    Is Your Workplace Biased Against Introverts?

    employees in a changed workplace. “The problem we found is that we have stereotypical expectations of what it means to be passionate,” says Jachimowicz, who conducted the study with doctoral students Kai Krautter of HBS and Anabel Büchner... View Details
    Keywords: by Ben Rand