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      • October 2022
      • Article

      When Does Moral Engagement Risk Triggering a Hypocrite Penalty?

      By: Jillian J. Jordan and Roseanna Sommers
      Society suffers when people stay silent on moral issues. Yet people who engage morally may appear hypocritical if they behave imperfectly themselves. Research reveals that hypocrites can—but do not always—trigger a “hypocrisy penalty,” whereby they are evaluated... View Details
      Keywords: Hypocrite; Dishonesty; Social Issues; Moral Sensibility; Public Opinion; Perception
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      Jordan, Jillian J., and Roseanna Sommers. "When Does Moral Engagement Risk Triggering a Hypocrite Penalty?" Art. 101404. Special Issue on Honesty and Deception edited by Maurice E. Schweitzer, Emma Levine. Current Opinion in Psychology 47 (October 2022).
      • September 2022
      • Background Note

      On CUE: The Quest for Optimal Customer Unit Economics

      By: Elie Ofek, Barak Libai and Eitan Muller
      Startups are often evaluated by how well they perform on unit economics, defined as the ratio of a customer’s lifetime value (LTV) to acquisition costs (CAC). A common target for unit economics, advocated by many VCs and analysts, is 3:1 (i.e., LTV/CAC=3). While there... View Details
      Keywords: Unit Economics; Business Startups; Performance Evaluation; Customer Value and Value Chain; Customer Relationship Management; Analysis
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      Ofek, Elie, Barak Libai, and Eitan Muller. "On CUE: The Quest for Optimal Customer Unit Economics." Harvard Business School Background Note 523-050, September 2022.
      • September 2022
      • Case

      ROI vs. ROI: The Grupo Baobá Family Office

      By: Lauren Cohen, Hao Gao, Jiawei Ye and Grace Headinger
      Fernando Scodro, a third-generation member of his family, mulled over the next step in integrating an ESG strategy into his family office’s investment portfolio. While his family office, Grupo Baobá, had made excellent progress in incorporating his family’s values into... View Details
      Keywords: Impact Investing; ESG; Green Building; Family; Partnership; Latin America; Brazil; Buildings and Facilities; Green Buildings; Family Business; Family and Family Relationships; Financial Management; Partners and Partnerships; Financial Services Industry; Brazil; Latin America
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      Cohen, Lauren, Hao Gao, Jiawei Ye, and Grace Headinger. "ROI vs. ROI: The Grupo Baobá Family Office." Harvard Business School Case 223-018, September 2022.
      • August 2022
      • Supplement

      Sweet Teez Bakery: Projecting the Dough’s Rise Financial Supplement

      By: Emily R. McComb, Mel Martin and Amy Klopfenstein
      Abstract: In 2021, the HBS Impact Investment Fund student team met with entrepreneur Teresa Maynard, who had applied for a $25,000 impact investment loan. The students thought the former Harvard Data Scientist’s bakery business, Sweet Teez Bakery, showed promise.... View Details
      Keywords: Impact Investment; Entrepreneurship; Social Entrepreneurship; Finance; Investment; Goods and Commodities; Financial Reporting; Small Business; Food and Beverage Industry; Massachusetts; United States
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      McComb, Emily R., Mel Martin, and Amy Klopfenstein. "Sweet Teez Bakery: Projecting the Dough’s Rise Financial Supplement." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 223-702, August 2022.
      • August 2022 (Revised November 2024)
      • Case

      Sweet Teez Bakery: Projecting the Dough's Rise

      By: Emily R. McComb, Mel Martin and Amy Klopfenstein
      In 2021, the HBS Impact Investment Fund student team met with entrepreneur Teresa Maynard, who had applied for a $25,000 impact investment loan. The students thought the former Harvard Data Scientist’s bakery business, Sweet Teez Bakery, showed promise. Maynard had... View Details
      Keywords: Impact Investment; Entrepreneurship; Social Entrepreneurship; Finance; Investment; Goods and Commodities; Financial Reporting; Small Business; Food and Beverage Industry; United States; Massachusetts
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      McComb, Emily R., Mel Martin, and Amy Klopfenstein. "Sweet Teez Bakery: Projecting the Dough's Rise." Harvard Business School Case 223-004, August 2022. (Revised November 2024.)
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Scoring and Funding Breakthrough Ideas: Evidence from a Global Pharmaceutical Company

      By: Joshua Krieger, Ramana Nanda, Ian Hunt, Aimee Reynolds and Peter Tarsa
      We study resource allocation to early-stage ideas at an internal startup program of one the largest pharmaceutical firms in the world. Our research design enables us to elicit every evaluator’s scores across five different attributes, before seeing how they would... View Details
      Keywords: Project Selection; Pharmaceuticals; Financing Innovation; Resource Allocation; Innovation and Invention; Research and Development
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      Krieger, Joshua, Ramana Nanda, Ian Hunt, Aimee Reynolds, and Peter Tarsa. "Scoring and Funding Breakthrough Ideas: Evidence from a Global Pharmaceutical Company." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-014, August 2022. (Revised November 2023.)
      • August 2022 (Revised June 2024)
      • Exercise

      How Should Netflix Add an Ad-Supported Tier?

      By: Elie Ofek and Olivier Toubia
      In the summer of 2022, it became clear that Netflix would introduce an ad-supported tier alongside its existing subscription plans in the near future. Speculation abounded as to the details of the new tier: How many minutes of advertising would it include? What picture... View Details
      Keywords: Pricing; Television Industry; Price; Marketing Strategy; Digital Platforms; Customer Value and Value Chain; Competitive Strategy; Customer Satisfaction; Entertainment and Recreation Industry
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      Ofek, Elie, and Olivier Toubia. "How Should Netflix Add an Ad-Supported Tier?" Harvard Business School Exercise 523-033, August 2022. (Revised June 2024.)
      • August 2022 (Revised September 2023)
      • Case

      Evaluating the Impact of Hillside Harvest

      By: Archie L. Jones, Mel Martin and Amy Klopfenstein
      In fall 2021, the HBS Impact Investment Fund student team had just finished their last round of due diligence on the BIPOC-founded premium hot sauce company Hillside Harvest. They thought the business had a fine performance, showing potential to grow into a successful... View Details
      Keywords: Impact Investing; Entrepreneurship; Social Entrepreneurship; Finance; Investment; Food; Food and Beverage Industry; Financial Services Industry; United States; Massachusetts
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      Jones, Archie L., Mel Martin, and Amy Klopfenstein. "Evaluating the Impact of Hillside Harvest." Harvard Business School Case 823-017, August 2022. (Revised September 2023.)
      • August 2022 (Revised May 2025)
      • Case

      Fresh Food Generation

      By: Brian Trelstad, Amy Klopfenstein and Mel Martin
      This case highlights one of five BIPOC entrepreneurs in the Boston area as part of the HBS Impact Investment Fund. In fall 2021, a team of HBS students reviewed the financial statements of Fresh Food Generation (FFG), a Dorchester, Massachusetts-based food service... View Details
      Keywords: Impact Investing; Investment; Entrepreneurial Finance; Entrepreneurship; Race; Food and Beverage Industry; Boston
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      Trelstad, Brian, Amy Klopfenstein, and Mel Martin. "Fresh Food Generation." Harvard Business School Case 323-010, August 2022. (Revised May 2025.)
      • August 2022
      • Teaching Plan

      Janet Ames (A), (B), (C), (D)

      By: Brian Trelstad
      Teaching Plan for HBS Case Nos. 320-076, 320-077, 320-078, and 322-051. The series of Janet Ames cases follow a fictional alumna of Harvard Business School into her consulting career in Boston. Over the series of cases, Ames is first offered the opportunity to join... View Details
      Keywords: Philanthropy; Board; Non-profit Management; Career Changes And Transitions; Evaluation; Personal Development and Career; Opportunities; Decision Choices and Conditions; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Governing and Advisory Boards; Social Enterprise; Social Entrepreneurship; Nonprofit Organizations; Management; United States
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      Trelstad, Brian. "Janet Ames (A), (B), (C), (D)." Harvard Business School Teaching Plan 323-025, August 2022.
      • August 2022
      • Case

      Rocket Learning: Evidence in Action

      By: Brian Trelstad, Tomas Rosales and Malini Sen
      Founders of Rocket Learning, an India-based nonprofit which focused on early childhood education (ECE), received an invitation from MIT’s Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab (JPAL), a development research organization, to test its intervention for ECE with a... View Details
      Keywords: Social Entrepreneurship; Early Childhood Education; Nonprofit Organizations; Literacy; Values and Beliefs; Social and Collaborative Networks; Education Industry; India; Asia
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      Trelstad, Brian, Tomas Rosales, and Malini Sen. "Rocket Learning: Evidence in Action." Harvard Business School Case 323-002, August 2022.
      • 2022
      • Article

      Data Poisoning Attacks on Off-Policy Evaluation Methods

      By: Elita Lobo, Harvineet Singh, Marek Petrik, Cynthia Rudin and Himabindu Lakkaraju
      Off-policy Evaluation (OPE) methods are a crucial tool for evaluating policies in high-stakes domains such as healthcare, where exploration is often infeasible, unethical, or expensive. However, the extent to which such methods can be trusted under adversarial threats... View Details
      Keywords: Analytics and Data Science; Cybersecurity; Mathematical Methods
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      Lobo, Elita, Harvineet Singh, Marek Petrik, Cynthia Rudin, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Data Poisoning Attacks on Off-Policy Evaluation Methods." Proceedings of the Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence (UAI) 38th (2022): 1264–1274.
      • 20 Oct 2022 - 22 Oct 2022
      • Talk

      Evaluative Dynamics: Summarizing Customer Journeys, Interviews, and Lives

      By: Julian De Freitas, P. Kim and T. Ullman
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      De Freitas, Julian, P. Kim, and T. Ullman. "Evaluative Dynamics: Summarizing Customer Journeys, Interviews, and Lives." Association for Consumer Research Annual Conference, Denver, CO, October 20–22, 2022.
      • 2022
      • Article

      Fairness via Explanation Quality: Evaluating Disparities in the Quality of Post hoc Explanations

      By: Jessica Dai, Sohini Upadhyay, Ulrich Aivodji, Stephen Bach and Himabindu Lakkaraju
      As post hoc explanation methods are increasingly being leveraged to explain complex models in high-stakes settings, it becomes critical to ensure that the quality of the resulting explanations is consistently high across all subgroups of a population. For instance, it... View Details
      Keywords: Prejudice and Bias; Mathematical Methods; Research; Analytics and Data Science
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      Dai, Jessica, Sohini Upadhyay, Ulrich Aivodji, Stephen Bach, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Fairness via Explanation Quality: Evaluating Disparities in the Quality of Post hoc Explanations." Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, and Society (2022): 203–214.
      • July–August 2022
      • Article

      How Do Disadvantaged Groups Seek Information about Public Services? A Randomized Controlled Trial of Communication Technologies

      By: Katerina Linos, Melissa Carlson, Laura Jakli, Nadia Dalma, Isabelle Cohen, Afroditi Veloudaki and Stavros Nikiforos Spyrellis
      Governments and NGOs are switching to phone- and Internet-based communication technologies to reduce costs and broaden access to public services. However, these technological shifts can backfire if they exacerbate administrative burden in high-need communities. We... View Details
      Keywords: Communication Technology; Income
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      Linos, Katerina, Melissa Carlson, Laura Jakli, Nadia Dalma, Isabelle Cohen, Afroditi Veloudaki, and Stavros Nikiforos Spyrellis. "How Do Disadvantaged Groups Seek Information about Public Services? A Randomized Controlled Trial of Communication Technologies." Public Administration Review 82, no. 4 (July–August 2022): 708–720.
      • 2022
      • Article

      Towards Robust Off-Policy Evaluation via Human Inputs

      By: Harvineet Singh, Shalmali Joshi, Finale Doshi-Velez and Himabindu Lakkaraju
      Off-policy Evaluation (OPE) methods are crucial tools for evaluating policies in high-stakes domains such as healthcare, where direct deployment is often infeasible, unethical, or expensive. When deployment environments are expected to undergo changes (that is, dataset... View Details
      Keywords: Analytics and Data Science; Research
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      Singh, Harvineet, Shalmali Joshi, Finale Doshi-Velez, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Towards Robust Off-Policy Evaluation via Human Inputs." Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Ethics, and Society (2022): 686–699.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Automating Short-Term Payroll Savings: Evidence from Two Large U.K. Experiments

      By: Sarah Holmes Berk, James J. Choi, Jay Garg, John Beshears and David Laibson
      Automatic enrollment is often used to increase retirement savings. What are the effects of using it (or, alternatively, requiring an active enrollment choice) to increase short-term savings? We evaluate two experiments in the U.K. at employers that enable workers to... View Details
      Keywords: Retirement Savings; Participation; Automatic Enrollment; Retirement; Human Resources
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      Berk, Sarah Holmes, James J. Choi, Jay Garg, John Beshears, and David Laibson. "Automating Short-Term Payroll Savings: Evidence from Two Large U.K. Experiments." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 32581, June 2024.
      • July 2022 (Revised January 2024)
      • Case

      Kovi: Changing Brazil's Mobility Landscape

      By: Lynda M. Applegate, Michael Norris and Alexis Lefort
      Kovi, a car rental startup located in São Paulo, Brazil, provides affordable access to rental cars for rideshare drivers. The case examines the origins of the company, provides background on the auto and rideshare industries in Brazil, and follows the CEO, Adhemar... View Details
      Keywords: Ridesharing; Entrepreneurship; Growth and Development Strategy; Business Startups; Developing Countries and Economies; Auto Industry; Brazil; Mexico; Latin America
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      Applegate, Lynda M., Michael Norris, and Alexis Lefort. "Kovi: Changing Brazil's Mobility Landscape." Harvard Business School Case 823-028, July 2022. (Revised January 2024.)
      • July 2022 (Revised September 2024)
      • Case

      York Capital and Enovix

      By: William Vrattos, Jo Tango and Alys Ferragamo
      In June 2020, Jeremy Blank prepared for a meeting with his fellow partners at York Capital to discuss an investment he had championed in Enovix, a company developing a state-of-the-art, silicon-based battery. Early-stage technology companies, like Enovix, were not... View Details
      Keywords: Investment Evaluation; Partners and Partnerships; Investment Portfolio; Judgments; Opportunities
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      Vrattos, William, Jo Tango, and Alys Ferragamo. "York Capital and Enovix." Harvard Business School Case 223-006, July 2022. (Revised September 2024.)
      • July 2022
      • Case

      FIJI Water: Carbon Negative? (Abridged)

      By: Michael W. Toffel, George Serafeim, Francesca Gino, Stephanie Van Sice and Tom Quinn
      In the midst of increasing press scrutiny of the bottled water industry’s environmentally harmful practices, FIJI Water made a series of sustainability promises. The boldest of these was a pledge to go “carbon negative.” The company said that not only would they offset... View Details
      Keywords: Carbon Footprint; Carbon Offsetting; Environmental Accounting; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Pollution; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Misleading and Fraudulent Advertising; Non-Governmental Organizations; Brands and Branding; Food and Beverage Industry; Fiji; United States
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      Toffel, Michael W., George Serafeim, Francesca Gino, Stephanie Van Sice, and Tom Quinn. "FIJI Water: Carbon Negative? (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 623-004, July 2022.
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