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      • Article

      Strategic Orientations in a Competitive Context: The Role of Strategic Orientation Differentiation

      By: Rohit Deshpandé, Amir Grinstein and Elie Ofek
      Strategic orientation studies often provide 'best practice prescriptions' for firms in a given context—matching orientations to environmental conditions. While this perspective has value, empirical results are equivocal, and an important reality has been overlooked:... View Details
      Keywords: Competition; Change Management; Situation or Environment; Decision Choices and Conditions
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      Deshpandé, Rohit, Amir Grinstein, and Elie Ofek. "Strategic Orientations in a Competitive Context: The Role of Strategic Orientation Differentiation." Marketing Letters 23, no. 3 (September 2012): 629–643.
      • December 2012
      • Article

      What Drives Corporate Social Performance? The Role of Nation-level Institutions

      By: Ioannis Ioannou and George Serafeim
      Based on Whitley's "National Business Systems" (NBS) institutional framework (Whitley 1997, 1999), we theorize about and empirically investigate the impact of nation-level institutions on firms' corporate social performance (CSP). Using a sample of firms from 42... View Details
      Keywords: Environment; Environmental Performance; Corporate Social Responsibility; Sustainability; Institutions; Institutional Theory; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Corporate Governance
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      Ioannou, Ioannis, and George Serafeim. "What Drives Corporate Social Performance? The Role of Nation-level Institutions." Journal of International Business Studies 43, no. 9 (December 2012): 834–864.
      • November 2012 (Revised May 2013)
      • Case

      Naina Lal Kidwai: Investing in Her Country

      By: Boris Groysberg and Anjali Raina
      This case showcases the 30-year career of Naina Lal Kidwai, Chairman of HSBC India, a leading woman business leader globally. It demonstrates how Kidwai spent a lifetime overcoming barriers as a woman in a male-dominated profession and as an Indian in the global... View Details
      Keywords: Leadership; Financial Services Industry; Insurance Industry; India
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      Groysberg, Boris, and Anjali Raina. "Naina Lal Kidwai: Investing in Her Country." Harvard Business School Case 413-003, November 2012. (Revised May 2013.)
      • October 2012
      • Case

      Romney vs. Obama and U.S. Energy Policy

      By: Rawi Abdelal and Kaitlyn Tuthill
      In 2012, the energy sector in the United States was demanding major reform. Prices of oil and gas had continued to cripple the middle and lower class as the U.S. economy slowly recovered. At the same time, the U.S. lagged behind developed economies in production of... View Details
      Keywords: Mitt Romney; Barack Obama; Energy; Election Outcomes; Climate Change; Renewable Energy; Political Elections; Policy; Business and Government Relations; Public Administration Industry; United States
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      Abdelal, Rawi, and Kaitlyn Tuthill. "Romney vs. Obama and U.S. Energy Policy." Harvard Business School Case 713-050, October 2012.
      • October 2012 (Revised July 2013)
      • Case

      Olympus (A)

      By: Jay W. Lorsch, Suraj Srinivasan and Kathleen Durante
      As 2012 approached, the woes of the financial crisis seemed to be fading, companies were resuming business as usual, and some of the scrutiny on corporate governance practices began to recede as well. That is until another major financial scandal emerged in Japan in... View Details
      Keywords: Accounting; Corporate Governance; Electronics Industry; Health Industry; Japan
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      Lorsch, Jay W., Suraj Srinivasan, and Kathleen Durante. "Olympus (A) ." Harvard Business School Case 413-040, October 2012. (Revised July 2013.)
      • October 2012 (Revised September 2014)
      • Case

      Doing Business in Vietnam

      By: Alan MacCormack, Michael Shih-ta Chen and Dawn H. Lau
      This case gives an overview of the current business environment in Vietnam as of 2012. The first part of the case introduces the main economic, political and cultural aspects of the country of which anyone who has business interest in the country ought to be aware.... View Details
      Keywords: Emerging Market Finance; Emergent Countries; Business History; Economic History; Emerging Markets; Business Ventures; Strategy; Viet Nam
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      MacCormack, Alan, Michael Shih-ta Chen, and Dawn H. Lau. "Doing Business in Vietnam." Harvard Business School Case 713-434, October 2012. (Revised September 2014.)
      • September 2012 (Revised September 2015)
      • Case

      Doing Business in India

      By: Andy Zelleke, Felix Oberholzer-Gee and Saloni Chaturvedi
      The case is set in August 2012—a time when India was undergoing policy stasis as several key reforms were stalled and the government faced allegations of misallocation of coal production licenses. The first part of the case provides a brief background on India's... View Details
      Keywords: Emerging Market Finance; Emergent Countries; Business History; Economic History; Fieldwork; Emerging Markets; Business Ventures; Strategy
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      Zelleke, Andy, Felix Oberholzer-Gee, and Saloni Chaturvedi. "Doing Business in India." Harvard Business School Case 713-430, September 2012. (Revised September 2015.)
      • September 2012 (Revised September 2014)
      • Case

      Doing Business in Malaysia

      By: C. Fritz Foley, Michael Shih-Ta Chen and Keith Chi-Ho Wong
      This case focuses on the current business environment in Malaysia as of 2012 by introducing the main economic, political and cultural aspects of the country for those interested in doing business there. The advantages and challenges of investing and doing business in... View Details
      Keywords: Emerging Market Finance; Emergent Countries; Business History; Economic History; Fieldwork; Emerging Markets; Business Ventures; Strategy; Malaysia
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      Foley, C. Fritz, Michael Shih-Ta Chen, and Keith Chi-Ho Wong. "Doing Business in Malaysia." Harvard Business School Case 713-431, September 2012. (Revised September 2014.)
      • September 2012 (Revised September 2015)
      • Case

      Doing Business in Turkey

      By: Felix Oberholzer-Gee, Robin J. Ely, Daniela Beyersdorfer, Emilie Billaud and Cigdem Çelik
      In a rather flat international business environment characterized by shrinking markets and economic turmoil, Turkey promoted itself as one of the safe havens for investments. Led by the strong domestic demand of a young population, the country had tripled its GDP... View Details
      Keywords: Emerging Market Finance; Emergent Countries; Business History; Economic History; Fieldwork; Emerging Markets; Business Ventures; Strategy; Turkey
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      Oberholzer-Gee, Felix, Robin J. Ely, Daniela Beyersdorfer, Emilie Billaud, and Cigdem Çelik. "Doing Business in Turkey." Harvard Business School Case 713-433, September 2012. (Revised September 2015.)
      • August 2012 (Revised July 2025)
      • Module Note

      Evaluating the Viability of Innovative Technology-Commercializing Ventures

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger
      This case enables evaluation of innovative health care technologies by those who are not an expert in the technology by introduction of a framework for evaluating technology - commercializing innovation. It is the introductory case for the first of four modules in a... View Details
      Keywords: Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; Health Industry
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      Herzlinger, Regina E. "Evaluating the Viability of Innovative Technology-Commercializing Ventures." Harvard Business School Module Note 313-070, August 2012. (Revised July 2025.)
      • 2012
      • Working Paper

      Entrepreneurship in the Natural Food and Beauty Categories Before 2000: Global Visions and Local Expressions

      By: Geoffrey Jones
      This working paper examines the creation of the global natural food and beauty categories before 2000. This is shown to have been a lengthy process of new category creation involving the exercise of entrepreneurial imagination. Pioneering entrepreneurs faced little... View Details
      Keywords: Marketing; Consumer Goods; Entrepreneurs; Environment; Food; Globalization; Business History; Agribusiness; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry; Consumer Products Industry; Food and Beverage Industry; Asia; Europe; Latin America; Middle East; North and Central America
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      Jones, Geoffrey. "Entrepreneurship in the Natural Food and Beauty Categories Before 2000: Global Visions and Local Expressions." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-024, August 2012.
      • August 2012 (Revised September 2013)
      • Case

      EnerNOC: DemandSMART

      By: Michael W. Toffel, Kira Fabrizio and Stephanie van Sice
      EnerNOC is an energy company with an innovative business model: it serves as an intermediary between electric utilities and electricity users. It contracts with electricity users willing to reduce demand during periods of peak energy demand, and sells this as excess... View Details
      Keywords: Production Planning; Productivity; Environmental Protection; Energy; Environment; Business Government Relations; Laws And Regulation; Business Model; Environmental Sustainability; Innovation and Invention; Opportunities; Risk and Uncertainty; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Supply Chain Management; Production; Energy Conservation; Energy Industry
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      Toffel, Michael W., Kira Fabrizio, and Stephanie van Sice. "EnerNOC: DemandSMART." Harvard Business School Case 613-036, August 2012. (Revised September 2013.)
      • May 2012
      • Case

      BoldFlash: Cross-Functional Challenges in the Mobile Division

      By: Michael Beer and Rachel Shelton
      Roger Cahill has spent less than a year as head of the Mobile Division of BoldFlash, a flash memory component maker. On the corporate level, BoldFlash has adapted to an evolving and difficult marketplace, but the Mobile Division is struggling. The four groups within... View Details
      Keywords: United States; Massachusetts; Morale; Human Resource Management; Technology; Leadership; Opportunities; Organizational Design; Conflict and Resolution; Product Development; Change Management; Information Infrastructure; Business Processes; Manufacturing Industry; Electronics Industry; Massachusetts
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      Beer, Michael, and Rachel Shelton. "BoldFlash: Cross-Functional Challenges in the Mobile Division." Harvard Business School Brief Case 124-438, May 2012.
      • March 2012
      • Article

      Choosing the United States

      By: Michael E. Porter and Jan W. Rivkin
      The U.S. is not winning its appropriate share of location decisions, even those involving the high-value-adding activities that the country has long been able to attract. In part, this is because U.S. policy makers are not addressing weaknesses in the national business... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; United States
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      Porter, Michael E., and Jan W. Rivkin. "Choosing the United States." Harvard Business Review 90, no. 3 (March 2012): 80–91.
      • 2012
      • Chapter

      Schumpeterian Competition and Diseconomies of Scope: Illustrations from the Histories of Microsoft and IBM

      By: Timothy F. Bresnahan, Shane Greenstein and Rebecca M. Henderson
      We address a longstanding question about the causes of creative destruction. Dominant incumbent firms, long successful in an existing technology, are often much less successful in new technological eras. This is puzzling, since a cursory analysis would suggest that... View Details
      Keywords: Technological Innovation; Opportunities; Competition; Information Technology; Innovation and Management; Organizations; Relationships; Information Technology Industry
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      Bresnahan, Timothy F., Shane Greenstein, and Rebecca M. Henderson. "Schumpeterian Competition and Diseconomies of Scope: Illustrations from the Histories of Microsoft and IBM." In The Rate and Direction of Inventive Activity Revisited, edited by Josh Lerner and Scott Stern. University of Chicago Press, 2012.
      • February 2012
      • Case

      First Quantum Minerals vs. Eurasian Natural Resources

      By: George Serafeim
      The case describes the battle between First Quantum Mineral (FQM) and Eurasian Resources over mines in Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC). After FQM's license to operate was revoked by the government of the DRC, Eurasian bought the rights over the mines that were... View Details
      Keywords: Governing and Advisory Boards; Business and Government Relations; Corporate Governance; Natural Environment; Risk and Uncertainty; Government and Politics; Mining Industry; Congo, Democratic Republic of the
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      Serafeim, George, and Andrew Knauer. "First Quantum Minerals vs. Eurasian Natural Resources." Harvard Business School Case 112-083, February 2012.
      • 2012
      • Case

      Beyondsoft Co., Ltd. (B)

      By: F. Warren McFarlan, Donghong Li and Hong Zhang
      The case "Beyondsoft Co., Ltd. (A)" completed in early 2010 described the strategic path of Beyondsoft over its history of more than 10 years since its foundation in 1995, containing its major business lines and the relations with the major customers at that time, the... View Details
      Keywords: Computer Software; Entrepreneurship; Outsourcing; Strategy; China; Information Technology; China
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      McFarlan, F. Warren, Donghong Li, and Hong Zhang. "Beyondsoft Co., Ltd. (B)." Tsinghua University Case, 2012.
      • 2012
      • Teaching Note

      Beyondsoft Co., Ltd. (B) (TN)

      By: F. Warren McFarlan, Donghong Li and Hong Zhang
      The case "Beyondsoft Co., Ltd. (A)" completed in early 2010 described the strategic path of Beyondsoft over its history of more than 10 years since its foundation in 1995, containing its major business lines and the relations with the major customers at that time, the... View Details
      Keywords: Computer Software; Entrepreneurship; Information Technology; Outsourcing; Strategy; China; Applications and Software; China
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      McFarlan, F. Warren, Donghong Li, and Hong Zhang. "Beyondsoft Co., Ltd. (B) (TN)." Tsinghua University Teaching Note, 2012.
      • 2012
      • Chapter

      Institutional Pressures and Organizational Characteristics: Implications for Environmental Strategy

      By: Magali A. Delmas and Michael W. Toffel
      A broad literature has emerged over the past decades demonstrating that firms' environmental strategies and practices are influenced by stakeholders and institutional pressures. Such findings are consistent with institutional sociology, which emphasizes the importance... View Details
      Keywords: Management Practices and Processes; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Natural Environment; Business Strategy
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      Delmas, Magali A., and Michael W. Toffel. "Institutional Pressures and Organizational Characteristics: Implications for Environmental Strategy." In The Oxford Handbook of Business and the Natural Environment, edited by Pratima Bansal and Andrew J. Hoffman. Oxford University Press, 2012.
      • 2012
      • Chapter

      Sustainable Cities: Oxymoron or the Shape of the Future?

      By: Robert G. Eccles, Annissa Alusi, Amy C. Edmondson and Tiona Zuzul
      Two trends are likely to define the 21st century: threats to the sustainability of the natural environment and dramatic increases in urbanization. This paper reviews the goals, business models, and partnerships involved in eight early "ecocity" projects to begin to... View Details
      Keywords: Environmental Sustainability; City; Urban Development; Infrastructure; Housing; Urban Scope; Business Ventures; Business Model; Green Technology Industry
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      Eccles, Robert G., Annissa Alusi, Amy C. Edmondson, and Tiona Zuzul. "Sustainable Cities: Oxymoron or the Shape of the Future?" Chap. 18 in Infrastructure Sustainability and Design, edited by Spiro Pollalis, Andreas Georgoulias, Stephen Ramos, and Daniel Schodek, 247–265. New York: Routledge, 2012.
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