Publications

Article

What Do Private Equity Firms Say They Do?

By: Paul A. Gompers, Steven N. Kaplan and Vladimir Mukharlyamov

We survey 79 private equity investors with combined assets under management (AUM) of over $750 billion about their practices in firm valuation, capital structure, governance, and value creation. Investors rely primarily on internal rate of return (IRR) and multiples to... View Details

Keywords: Private Equity; Valuation; Capital Structure; Value Creation

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May 2008 (Revised March 2010)
Supplement

Palm (B): 2001

By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, Kevin Boudreau and Jordan Mitchell

This case series looks at three important inflection points in Palm's history that relate to decisions about its platform: when the company was debating whether to open its operating system (OS) for licensing to third-party hardware manufacturers; 2001, when the... View Details

Keywords: History; Decisions; Business Model; Technological Innovation; Strategy; Value Creation; Digital Platforms; Rights; Competition; Computer Industry

9 AM – 10 AM EDT, 29 May 2019
HBS Online

HBS Online Negotiation Mastery

Hone your negotiation skills with analytical tools, interpersonal techniques, and real-world practice to secure maximum value for yourself and your organization. Program Dates: May 29, 2019 - July 24, 2019 View Details

April 2016
Supplement

Canadian Pacific's Bid for Norfolk Southern Spreadsheet Supplement

By: Benjamin C. Esty and Scott Mayfield

In December 2015, Canadian Pacific Railroad (CPR) has just made its third bid to acquire Norfolk Southern Corporation (NSC), one of the largest railroads in the United States. Having rejected the prior offers, NSC’s CEO James Squires and the NSC board must now value... View Details

Keywords: Capital Structure; Cash Flow; Cost of Capital; Financial Strategy; Investment Activism; Bids and Bidding; Negotiation Offer; Corporate Strategy; Rail Transportation; Mergers and Acquisitions; Transformation; United States; Canada

9 AM – 10 AM EDT, 16 Oct 2019
HBS Online

HBS Online Negotiation Mastery

Hone your negotiation skills with analytical tools, interpersonal techniques, and real-world practice to secure maximum value for yourself and your organization. Program Dates: October 16, 2019 - December 11, 2019 View Details

September 1991 (Revised March 2005)
Case

WPP Group and Its Acquisitions

By: William J. Bruns Jr.

WPP Group acquired J. Walter Thompson and Ogilvy & Mather, paying high premiums in relation to earnings. In each acquisition the goodwill acquired was immediately charged off against owners' equity. Then, WPP Group established a value for the brand names of the two... View Details

Keywords: Goodwill Accounting; Accounting; Brands and Branding; Product Positioning; Market Transactions; Equity; Private Equity; Relationships; Mergers and Acquisitions; Management Style; Consumer Products Industry; United States; United Kingdom

August 2000 (Revised January 2001)
Background Note

Asset Reporting

By: Paul M. Healy and Preeti Choudhary

Using historical cost and conservatism to identify and value assets, this case explains the criteria for asset reporting in straightforward situations and then examines scenarios where implementing the criteria for recognition and valuation of assets is conceptually... View Details

Keywords: Accounting; Assets; Problems and Challenges; Accounting Industry

May 2017
Supplement

Battle for the Soul of Capitalism: Unilever and the Kraft Heinz Takeover Bid (B)

By: William W. George and Amram Migdal

This (B) case describes the aftermath of Unilever’s February 2017 rejection of Kraft Heinz Company’s (KHC)/3G Capital’s (3G) unsolicited $143 billion takeover offer. In an effort to defend itself against future attempts by KHC/3G or other suitors, Unilever announced on... View Details

Keywords: Value Creation; Restructuring; Performance Improvement

December 1973 (Revised November 1993)
Case

Cooper Industries, Inc.

By: Thomas R. Piper

The executive president of a major industrial company must decide 1) whether to acquire a small hand tool company and, if so, 2) the value and form that the acquisition package should take. View Details

Keywords: Decisions; Valuation; Acquisition; Management Teams; Consumer Products Industry

13 Jul 2021
Blog Post

A View from the Horizon

Rene Jones, Chairman and CEO of M&T Bank, Harvard Business School, Summer Venture in Management (SVMP) alumnus 1985 In April, I was honored to join over 70 Black leaders from a variety of industries who signed a letter that supported our democratic View Details

October 2008 (Revised August 2009)
Case

Subprime Crisis and Fair-Value Accounting

By: Paul M. Healy, Krishna G. Palepu and George Serafeim

This case examines the challenges in implementing fair value accounting for mortgage instruments, the role of accounting in the sub-prime crisis, and proposals for revising accounting standards given the crisis. View Details

Keywords: Fair Value Accounting; Financial Crisis; Debt Securities; Mortgages; Standards

9 AM – 10 AM EDT, 20 Mar 2019
HBS Online

HBS Online Negotiation Mastery

Hone your negotiation skills with analytical tools, interpersonal techniques, and real-world practice to secure maximum value for yourself and your organization. Program Dates: March 20, 2019 - May 15, 2019 View Details

August 2000 (Revised July 2002)
Background Note

Fundamental Enterprise Valuation: Introduction

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin

The purpose of this series of notes is to define the key "drivers" of the fundamental value of equity and to illustrate how these drivers determine the future cash flows and the "present value pattern" of the underlying common stock. The series includes one technical... View Details

Keywords: Equity; Cash Flow; Valuation; Investment; Investment Return; Cost; Capital

December 2013 (Revised October 2014)
Case

The Munich Oktoberfest: From Local Tradition to Global Capitalism

By: Juan Alcacer, Christian Bettinger and Andreas Philippi

Oktoberfest, an annual festival held in Munich (Germany) for more than 200 years, has grown in recent decades into a hugely popular event that attracts 7 million visitors annually, a large proportion of which are foreign. In fact, Oktoberfest's global appeal is so... View Details

Keywords: Value Creation; Product Positioning; Marketing Channels; Global Strategy; Food and Beverage Industry; Ohio; Munich; Brazil; Bangalore; Beijing

December 1973 (Revised June 1982)
Case

MRC, Inc. (A)

MRC must place a value on an acquisition prospect and also decide whether a deal makes sense from strategic and organizational perspectives. An updated version of and earlier case by W.E. Fruhan, Jr. and J.H. McArthur. View Details

Keywords: Strategic Planning; Valuation; Acquisition

30 Mar 2025
Video

HydroHaul: Satchu-Burgstone Runner-Up Prize Winner, Student Business Track, 2025 New Venture Competition

Article

The Business Case for Curiosity

By: Francesca Gino

Although leaders might say they value inquisitive minds, in reality most stifle curiosity, fearing it will increase risk and inefficiency. Harvard Business School’s Francesca Gino elaborates on the benefits of and common barriers to curiosity in the workplace and... View Details

Keywords: Organizational Culture; Employees; Creativity; Cognition and Thinking; Learning; Decision Making; Performance Effectiveness