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    • All HBS Web  (2,443)
      • Faculty Publications  (416)

      Transaction Cost EconomicsRemove Transaction Cost Economics →

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      • January 2018
      • Article

      The Effect of Cost Sharing on an Employee Weight Loss Program: A Randomized Trial

      By: Leslie K. John, Andrea Troxel, William Yancy, Joelle Y. Friedman, Jingsan Zhu, Lin Yang, Robert Galvin, Karen Miller-Kovach, Scott Halpern, George Loewenstein and Kevin Volpp
      Purpose: We tested the effects of employer subsidies on employee enrollment, attendance, and weight loss in a nationally-available weight management program.
      Design: A randomized trial tested the impact of employer subsidy: 100%; 80% 50% and a hybrid 50% subsidy... View Details
      Keywords: Affordable Care Act (ACA); Subsidies; Weight Loss; Obesity; Incentives; Behavioral Economics; Motivation and Incentives; Behavior; Health Disorders; Health Care and Treatment; Compensation and Benefits; United States
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      John, Leslie K., Andrea Troxel, William Yancy, Joelle Y. Friedman, Jingsan Zhu, Lin Yang, Robert Galvin, Karen Miller-Kovach, Scott Halpern, George Loewenstein, and Kevin Volpp. "The Effect of Cost Sharing on an Employee Weight Loss Program: A Randomized Trial." American Journal of Health Promotion 32, no. 1 (January 2018): 170–176.
      • December 2017 (Revised January 2019)
      • Case

      In the Eye of a Geopolitical Storm: South Korea's Lotte Group, China and the U.S. THAAD Missile Defense System (A)

      By: Andy Zelleke and Brian Tilley
      By late 2016 and early 2017, Lotte Group, a South Korean chaebol (large family-controlled business group) had become embroiled not only in the domestic political turmoil surrounding President Park Geun-hye, but also—uncomfortably—in a four-country geopolitical storm. ... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility; Politics; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; National Security; International Relations; Decision Making; Government and Politics; Leadership; South Korea; China; Japan
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      Zelleke, Andy, and Brian Tilley. "In the Eye of a Geopolitical Storm: South Korea's Lotte Group, China and the U.S. THAAD Missile Defense System (A)." Harvard Business School Case 318-022, December 2017. (Revised January 2019.)
      • Article

      An Invitation to Market Design

      By: Scott Duke Kominers, Alexander Teytelboym and Vincent P. Crawford
      Market design seeks to translate economic theory and analysis into practical solutions to real-world problems. By redesigning both the rules that guide market transactions and the infrastructure that enables those transactions to take place, market designers can... View Details
      Keywords: Matching; Trading; Scrip; Liquidity; Efficiency; Equity; Allocation Rules; Marketplaces; Market Design; Marketplace Matching; Auctions
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      Kominers, Scott Duke, Alexander Teytelboym, and Vincent P. Crawford. "An Invitation to Market Design." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 33, no. 4 (Winter 2017): 541–571.
      • Fourth Quarter 2017
      • Article

      Optimal Tilts: Combining Persistent Characteristic Portfolios

      By: Malcolm Baker, Ryan Taliaferro and Terry Burnham
      We examine the optimal weighting of four tilts in U.S. equity markets from 1968 through 2014. We define a “tilt” as a characteristic-based portfolio strategy that requires relatively low annual turnover. This is a continuum, with small size (a very persistent... View Details
      Keywords: Risk Anomaly; Beta; Capital Asset Pricing Model; Factor Investing
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      Baker, Malcolm, Ryan Taliaferro, and Terry Burnham. "Optimal Tilts: Combining Persistent Characteristic Portfolios." Financial Analysts Journal 73, no. 4 (Fourth Quarter 2017): 75–89.
      • October 2017
      • Case

      Shift Technologies, Inc.

      By: Thomas Eisenmann and Nicole Tempest Keller
      In 2017, management at Shift, an online marketplace that uses a “high touch,” concierge approach to buy and sell used cars, was formulating plans for the San Francisco–based startup’s next phase of expansion. One option was to preserve Shift’s current business model... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Market Design; Multi-Sided Platforms; Marketplace Matching; Growth and Development Strategy; Decision Choices and Conditions; Auto Industry; Retail Industry; United States
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      Eisenmann, Thomas, and Nicole Tempest Keller. "Shift Technologies, Inc." Harvard Business School Case 818-002, October 2017.
      • August 2017 (Revised February 2024)
      • Teaching Note

      Exotic Interest Rate Swaps: Snowballs in Portugal

      By: Boris Vallee, Patrick Augustin and Philippe Rich
      This case explores a complex swap transaction implemented by Metro do Porto in 2007. It represents an opportunity to study fixed income derivative instruments, such as plain-vanilla swaps and structured swaps, as well as understand the opportunities and challenges of... View Details
      Keywords: Swaps; Public Finance; Structured Finance; Credit Derivatives and Swaps; Public Sector; Transportation Industry; Rail Industry; Portugal
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      Vallee, Boris, Patrick Augustin, and Philippe Rich. "Exotic Interest Rate Swaps: Snowballs in Portugal." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 218-018, August 2017. (Revised February 2024.)
      • August 2017
      • Case

      Turkish Economy Bank and Fortis Bank: Managing a Complex Merger

      By: Stuart C. Gilson, Esel Çekin and Sarah L. Abbott
      Following the announcement of the merger of the Turkish Economic Bank (TEB) and Fortis Bank AS, Varol Civil, TEB's CEO, is faced with the task of executing the merger of these two entities. First, all parties must agree to the economic terms of this merger; a process... View Details
      Keywords: M&A; Turkey; Banking; Restructuring; Financial Institutions; Change Management; Mergers and Acquisitions; Banking Industry; Turkey
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      Gilson, Stuart C., Esel Çekin, and Sarah L. Abbott. "Turkish Economy Bank and Fortis Bank: Managing a Complex Merger." Harvard Business School Case 218-012, August 2017.
      • August 2017
      • Article

      Should Governments Invest More in Nudging?

      By: Shlomo Benartzi, John Beshears, Katherine L. Milkman, Cass R. Sunstein, Richard H. Thaler, Maya Shankar, Will Tucker-Ray, William J. Congdon and Steven Galing
      Governments are increasingly adopting behavioral science techniques for changing individual behavior in pursuit of policy objectives. The types of “nudge” interventions that governments are now adopting alter people’s decisions without coercion or significant changes... View Details
      Keywords: Nudge; Nudge Unit; Choice Architecture; Behavioral Science; Behavioral Economics; Savings; Pension Plan; Education; College Enrollment; Energy; Electricity Usage; Preventive Health; Influenza Vaccination; Flu Shot; Open Materials; Behavior; Governance; Economics; Policy; Power and Influence
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      Benartzi, Shlomo, John Beshears, Katherine L. Milkman, Cass R. Sunstein, Richard H. Thaler, Maya Shankar, Will Tucker-Ray, William J. Congdon, and Steven Galing. "Should Governments Invest More in Nudging?" Psychological Science 28, no. 8 (August 2017): 1041–1055.
      • June 2017
      • Teaching Note

      The U-Turns of National Truck Stops

      By: Nori Gerardo Lietz and Alexander W. Schultz
      Raj Makam had spent months trying to restructure a 2006 investment he had made in National Truck Stops, Inc. (“NTS”) as a senior member of Oaktree Capital Management’s (“Oaktree”) Mezzanine finance business within their Corporate Debt platform. It was the first time... View Details
      Keywords: Mezzanine Financing; Corporate Debt; Bankruptcy; Real Assets; Financing and Loans; Borrowing and Debt; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Restructuring; Private Equity; Cost vs Benefits; Atlanta; New York (city, NY)
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      Lietz, Nori Gerardo, and Alexander W. Schultz. "The U-Turns of National Truck Stops." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 217-075, June 2017.
      • June 2017
      • Article

      The Political Economy of Financial Innovation: Evidence from Local Governments

      By: Christophe Pérignon and Boris Vallée
      We examine the toxic loans sold by investment banks to local governments. Using proprietary data, we show that politicians strategically use these products to increase chances of being re-elected. Consistent with greater incentives to hide the cost of debt, toxic loans... View Details
      Keywords: Financial Innovation; Political Elections; Financing and Loans; Innovation and Invention
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      Pérignon, Christophe, and Boris Vallée. "The Political Economy of Financial Innovation: Evidence from Local Governments." Review of Financial Studies 30, no. 6 (June 2017): 1903–1934.
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      Opportunistic Returns and Dynamic Pricing: Empirical Evidence from Online Retailing in Emerging Markets

      By: Chaithanya Bandi, Antonio Moreno, Donald Ngwe and Zhiji Xu
      We investigate how dynamic pricing can lead to higher operational costs through more product returns in the online retail industry. Dynamic pricing has been widely applied by many online retailers. Research has shown that, in response to dynamic pricing, some customers... View Details
      Keywords: Price; Policy; Consumer Behavior; Cost Management; Emerging Markets; Retail Industry
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      Bandi, Chaithanya, Antonio Moreno, Donald Ngwe, and Zhiji Xu. "Opportunistic Returns and Dynamic Pricing: Empirical Evidence from Online Retailing in Emerging Markets." Working Paper, September 2018.
      • April 2017 (Revised August 2020)
      • Case

      The U-Turns of National Truck Stops

      By: Nori Gerardo Lietz and Alexander W. Schultz
      Raj Makam had spent months trying to restructure a 2006 investment he had made in National Truck Stops, Inc. (NTS) as a senior member of Oaktree Capital Management’s (Oaktree) Mezzanine finance business within their Corporate Debt platform. It was the first time they... View Details
      Keywords: Mezzanine Financing; Corporate Debt; Bankruptcy; Real Assets; Financing and Loans; Borrowing and Debt; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Restructuring; Private Equity; Cost vs Benefits; Atlanta; New York (city, NY)
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      Lietz, Nori Gerardo, and Alexander W. Schultz. "The U-Turns of National Truck Stops." Harvard Business School Case 217-062, April 2017. (Revised August 2020.)
      • 2017
      • Working Paper

      Explaining the Vertical-to-Horizontal Transition in the Computer Industry

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      This paper seeks to explain the technological forces that led to the rise of vertically integrated corporations in the late 19th century and the opposing forces that led to a vertical-to-horizontal transition in the computer industry 100 years later. I first model the... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Design; Business History; Vertical Integration; Horizontal Integration; Digital Platforms; Computer Industry
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Explaining the Vertical-to-Horizontal Transition in the Computer Industry." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-084, March 2017.
      • March 2017
      • Article

      Land Institutions and Chinese Political Economy: Institutional Complementarities and Macroeconomic Management

      By: Meg Rithmire
      This article critically examines the origins and evolution of China’s unique land institutions and situates land policy in the larger context of China’s reforms and pursuit of economic growth. It argues that the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) has strengthened the... View Details
      Keywords: China; Economic Reform; Land Politics; Macromanagement; Government and Politics; Macroeconomics; China
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      Rithmire, Meg. "Land Institutions and Chinese Political Economy: Institutional Complementarities and Macroeconomic Management." Politics & Society 45, no. 1 (March 2017): 123–153.
      • January 2017
      • Case

      Exotic Interest Rate Swaps: Snowballs in Portugal

      By: Boris Vallee, Patrick Augustin and Philippe Rich
      This case explores a complex swap transaction implemented by Metro do Porto in 2007. It represents an opportunity to study fixed income derivative instruments, such as plain-vanilla swaps and structured swaps, as well as understand the opportunities and challenges of... View Details
      Keywords: Swaps; Public Finance; Structured Finance; Credit Derivatives and Swaps; Public Sector; Transportation Industry; Rail Industry; Portugal
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      Vallee, Boris, Patrick Augustin, and Philippe Rich. "Exotic Interest Rate Swaps: Snowballs in Portugal." Harvard Business School Case 217-050, January 2017.
      • January–February 2017
      • Article

      Africa's New Generation of Innovators

      By: Clayton M. Christensen, Efosa Ojomo and Derek van Bever
      With a young, urbanizing population, abundant natural resources, and a growing middle class, Africa seems to have all the ingredients necessary for huge growth. Nevertheless, a number of multinationals have recently left the continent, discouraged by widespread... View Details
      Keywords: Innovation Strategy; Multinational Firms and Management; Economic Growth; Africa
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      Christensen, Clayton M., Efosa Ojomo, and Derek van Bever. "Africa's New Generation of Innovators." Harvard Business Review 95, no. 1 (January–February 2017): 129–136.
      • January–February 2017
      • Article

      The Truth about Blockchain

      By: Marco Iansiti and Karim R. Lakhani
      Contracts, transactions, and records of them provide critical structure in our economic system, but they haven’t kept up with the world’s digital transformation. They’re like rush-hour gridlock trapping a Formula 1 race car. Blockchain promises to solve this problem.... View Details
      Keywords: Technological Innovation; Technology Adoption; Information Management; Information Technology Industry
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      Iansiti, Marco, and Karim R. Lakhani. "The Truth about Blockchain." Harvard Business Review 95, no. 1 (January–February 2017): 118–127.
      • December 2016
      • Article

      Deal Process Design in Management Buyouts

      By: Guhan Subramanian
      Management buyouts (MBOs) are an economically and legally significant class of transaction: not only do they account for more than $10 billion in deal volume per year, on average, but they also play an important role in defining the relationship between inside and... View Details
      Keywords: Management Buyout; Deal Structuring; Acquisition; Design; Fairness
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      Subramanian, Guhan. "Deal Process Design in Management Buyouts." Harvard Law Review 130, no. 2 (December 2016): 590–658.
      • 2016
      • Working Paper

      The State of Small Business Lending: Innovation and Technology and the Implications for Regulation

      By: Karen Gordon Mills and Brayden McCarthy
      Small businesses were among the hardest hit in the Great Recession, accounting for more than 60% of the total jobs lost. The economic crisis was one focused on the banking sector, which is one reason for the disproportionately high impact on America’s small businesses,... View Details
      Keywords: Small Business; Financing and Loans; Financial Crisis
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      Mills, Karen Gordon, and Brayden McCarthy. "The State of Small Business Lending: Innovation and Technology and the Implications for Regulation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 17-042, November 2016.
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      Bank Risk-Taking and the Real Economy: Evidence from the Housing Boom and Its Aftermath

      By: Antonio Falato, Giovanni Favara and David Scharfstein
      The short-termism of lenders amplifies boom-bust credit cycles, leading in turn to real costs for the aggregate economy. During the U.S. housing credit boom, publicly-traded banks increased mortgage lending activity and relaxed standards much more than privately-held... View Details
      Keywords: Risk and Uncertainty; Financial Markets; Investment; Corporate Finance; Banks and Banking
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      Falato, Antonio, Giovanni Favara, and David Scharfstein. "Bank Risk-Taking and the Real Economy: Evidence from the Housing Boom and Its Aftermath." Working Paper.
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