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- All HBS Web
(433)
- News (20)
- Research (381)
- Multimedia (1)
- Faculty Publications (302)
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- 2012
- Working Paper
When Performance Trumps Gender Bias: Joint versus Separate Evaluation
By: Iris Bohnet, Alexandra van Geen and Max H. Bazerman
We examine a new intervention to overcome gender biases in hiring, promotion, and job assignments: an "evaluation nudge," in which people are evaluated jointly rather than separately regarding their future performance. Evaluators are more likely to focus on individual... View Details
Keywords: Prejudice and Bias; Selection and Staffing; Behavior; Groups and Teams; Decision Making; Performance Evaluation; Gender
Bohnet, Iris, Alexandra van Geen, and Max H. Bazerman. "When Performance Trumps Gender Bias: Joint versus Separate Evaluation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-083, March 2012.
- 2010
- Working Paper
Valuation When Cash Flow Forecasts Are Biased
This paper focuses adaptations to the discount cash flow (DCF) method when valuing forecasted cash flows that are biased measures of expected cash flows. I imagine a simple setting where the expected cash flows equal the forecasted cash flows plus an omitted downside.... View Details
Keywords: Forecasting and Prediction; Cash Flow; Cost of Capital; Performance Expectations; Prejudice and Bias; Valuation
Ruback, Richard S. "Valuation When Cash Flow Forecasts Are Biased." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-036, October 2010.
- September 2020 (Revised July 2022)
- Teaching Note
Algorithmic Bias in Marketing
By: Ayelet Israeli and Eva Ascarza
Teaching Note for HBS No. 521-020. This note focuses on algorithmic bias in marketing. First, it presents a variety of marketing examples in which algorithmic bias may occur. The examples are organized around the 4 P’s of marketing – promotion, price, place and... View Details
- July 1977
- Article
Social Roles, Social Control and Biases in Social Perception Processes
By: L. D. Ross, T. M. Amabile and J. Steinmetz
To make accurate social judgments, an individual must both recognize and adequately correct for the self-presentation advantages or disadvantages conferred upon actors by their social roles. Two experiments using 120 undergraduates examined social perceptions formed... View Details
Keywords: Perception; Prejudice and Bias; Social Psychology; Judgments; Power and Influence; Status and Position; Situation or Environment
Ross, L. D., T. M. Amabile, and J. Steinmetz. "Social Roles, Social Control and Biases in Social Perception Processes." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 35, no. 7 (July 1977): 485–494.
- Article
Stereotype Content Model across Cultures: Universal Similarities and Some Differences
By: A.J.C. Cuddy, S.T. Fiske, V.S.Y. Kwan, P. Glick, S. Demoulin, J. Ph. Leyens and M.H. Bond
The stereotype content model (SCM; Fiske, Cuddy, Glick, & Xu, 2002) proposes potentially universal principles of societal stereotypes and their relation to social structure. Here, the SCM reveals theoretically grounded, cross-cultural, cross-groups' similarities and... View Details
Keywords: Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Relationships; Groups and Teams; Prejudice and Bias; Culture; Societal Protocols; East Asia; Europe
Cuddy, A.J.C., S.T. Fiske, V.S.Y. Kwan, P. Glick, S. Demoulin, J. Ph. Leyens, and M.H. Bond. "Stereotype Content Model across Cultures: Universal Similarities and Some Differences." British Journal of Social Psychology 48, no. 1 (March 2009).
- January 2008
- Article
Innovation Killers: How Financial Tools Destroy Your Capacity to Do New Things
By: Clayton M. Christensen, Stephen P. Kaufman and Willy C. Shih
Most companies aren't half as innovative as their senior executives want them to be (or as their marketing claims suggest they are). What's stifling innovation? There are plenty of usual suspects, but the authors finger three financial tools as key accomplices.... View Details
Keywords: Investment; Innovation and Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Business and Shareholder Relations; Prejudice and Bias; Value Creation
Christensen, Clayton M., Stephen P. Kaufman, and Willy C. Shih. "Innovation Killers: How Financial Tools Destroy Your Capacity to Do New Things." Special Issue on HBS Centennial. Harvard Business Review 86, no. 1 (January 2008).
- 2010
- Article
The Ethical Mirage: A Temporal Explanation as to Why We Are Not as Ethical as We Think We Are
By: A. E. Tenbrunsel, K. Diekmann, K A. Wade-Benzoni and Max Bazerman
This paper explores the biased perceptions that people hold of their own ethicality. We argue that the temporal trichotomy of prediction, action and recollection is central to these misperceptions: People predict that they will behave more ethically than they actually... View Details
Keywords: Forecasting and Prediction; Values and Beliefs; Framework; Research; Behavior; Cognition and Thinking; Perception; Prejudice and Bias
Tenbrunsel, A. E., K. Diekmann, K A. Wade-Benzoni, and Max Bazerman. "The Ethical Mirage: A Temporal Explanation as to Why We Are Not as Ethical as We Think We Are." Research in Organizational Behavior 30 (2010): 153–173.
- 2013
- Chapter
Behavioral Corporate Finance: A Current Survey
By: Malcolm Baker and Jeffrey Wurgler
We survey the theory and evidence of behavioral corporate finance, which generally takes one of two approaches. The market timing and catering approach views managerial financing and investment decisions as rational managerial responses to securities mispricing. The... View Details
Keywords: Managerial Roles; Theory; Corporate Finance; Financial Management; Investment; Market Timing; Behavioral Finance; Prejudice and Bias; Economics; Forecasting and Prediction
Baker, Malcolm, and Jeffrey Wurgler. "Behavioral Corporate Finance: A Current Survey." In Handbook of the Economics of Finance, Volume 2A: Corporate Finance, edited by George M. Constantinides, Milton Harris, and Rene M. Stulz, 357–424. Handbooks in Economics. New York: Elsevier, 2013.
- 2011
- Working Paper
Collaborating across Cultures: Cultural Metacognition & Affect-Based Trust in Creative Collaboration
By: Roy Y.J. Chua, Michael W. Morris and Shira Mor
We propose that managers' awareness of their own and others' cultural assumptions (cultural metacognition) enables them to develop affect-based trust with associates from different cultures, promoting creative collaboration. Study 1, a multi-rater assessment of... View Details
Keywords: Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Knowledge Sharing; Managerial Roles; Creativity; Prejudice and Bias; Social and Collaborative Networks; Trust; Cooperation
Chua, Roy Y.J., Michael W. Morris, and Shira Mor. "Collaborating across Cultures: Cultural Metacognition & Affect-Based Trust in Creative Collaboration." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-127, June 2011.
- 2007
- Chapter
Behavioral Corporate Finance: A Survey
By: Malcolm Baker, Richard Ruback and Jeffrey Wurgler
Research in behavioral corporate finance takes two distinct approaches. The first emphasizes that investors are less than fully rational. It views managerial financing and investment decisions as rational responses to securities market mispricing. The second approach... View Details
Keywords: Decisions; Prejudice and Bias; Debt Securities; Financial Management; Price; Theory; Investment; Problems and Challenges; Behavioral Finance; Corporate Finance
Baker, Malcolm, Richard Ruback, and Jeffrey Wurgler. "Behavioral Corporate Finance: A Survey." In The Handbook of Corporate Finance, Volume 1: Empirical Corporate Finance, edited by Espen Eckbo. New York: Elsevier/North-Holland, 2007.
- Article
The Price of Equality: Suboptimal Resource Allocations across Social Categories
By: Stephen M. Garcia, Max Bazerman, Shirli Kopelman, Avishalom Tor and Dale T. Miller
This paper explores the influence of social categories on the perceived trade-off between relatively bad but equal distribution of resources between two parties and profit maximizing, yet asymmetric, payoffs. Studies 1 and 2 show that people prefer to maximize profits... View Details
Keywords: Equality and Inequality; Resource Allocation; Societal Protocols; Profit; Decision Making; Prejudice and Bias; Market Transactions; Ethics; Power and Influence; Distribution; Organizations
Garcia, Stephen M., Max Bazerman, Shirli Kopelman, Avishalom Tor, and Dale T. Miller. "The Price of Equality: Suboptimal Resource Allocations across Social Categories." Special Issue on Behavioral Ethics: A New Empirical Perspective on Business Ethics Research. Business Ethics Quarterly 20, no. 1 (January 2010): 75–88.
- October 2020 (Revised February 2021)
- Case
The Tulsa Massacre and the Call for Reparations
By: Mihir A. Desai, Suzanne Antoniou and Leanne Fan
How should historic social injustices be addressed? Survivors of the 1921 Tulsa Massacre and their descendants, including Representative Regina Goodwin of Tulsa, believe they should be addressed through reparations and have consequently continued to push the government... View Details
Keywords: Cost vs Benefits; Decision Choices and Conditions; Decisions; Judgments; Race; Fairness; Moral Sensibility; Values and Beliefs; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Governance; Policy; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Government Legislation; Government and Politics; Government Administration; Lawsuits and Litigation; Legal Liability; Leading Change; Mission and Purpose; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Conflict and Resolution; Conflict Management; Loss; Motivation and Incentives; Perspective; Prejudice and Bias; Civil Society or Community; Social Issues; Tulsa; Oklahoma; United States
Desai, Mihir A., Suzanne Antoniou, and Leanne Fan. "The Tulsa Massacre and the Call for Reparations." Harvard Business School Case 221-039, October 2020. (Revised February 2021.)
- June 2013
- Article
Opting-in: Participation Bias in Economic Experiments
By: Robert Slonim, Carmen Wang, Ellen Garbarino and Danielle Merrett
Assuming individuals rationally decide whether to participate or not to participate in lab experiments, we hypothesize several non-representative biases in the characteristics of lab participants. We test the hypotheses by first collecting survey and experimental data... View Details
Slonim, Robert, Carmen Wang, Ellen Garbarino, and Danielle Merrett. "Opting-in: Participation Bias in Economic Experiments." Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 90 (June 2013): 43–70.
- November 2016
- Article
Stereotypes
By: Pedro Bordalo, Katherine Baldiga Coffman, Nicola Gennaioli and Andrei Shleifer
We present a model of stereotypes based on Kahneman and Tversky's representativeness heuristic. A decision maker assesses a target group by overweighting its representative types, which we formally define to be the types that occur more frequently in that group than in... View Details
Keywords: Prejudice and Bias
Bordalo, Pedro, Katherine Baldiga Coffman, Nicola Gennaioli, and Andrei Shleifer. "Stereotypes." Quarterly Journal of Economics 131, no. 4 (November 2016): 1753–1794.
- 17 Sep 2018
- Working Paper Summaries
The Impact of Penalties for Wrong Answers on the Gender Gap in Test Scores
- October 2015 (Revised January 2017)
- Exercise
Gender at Work
By: Boris Groysberg and Colleen Ammerman
Groysberg, Boris, and Colleen Ammerman. "Gender at Work." Harvard Business School Exercise 416-026, October 2015. (Revised January 2017.)
- 2002
- Chapter
Doddering, but Dear: Process, Content, and Function in Stereotyping of Older Persons
By: A.J.C. Cuddy and S.T. Fiske
Cuddy, A.J.C., and S.T. Fiske. "Doddering, but Dear: Process, Content, and Function in Stereotyping of Older Persons." In Ageism: Stereotyping and Prejudice Against Older Persons, edited by T. Nelson, 3 – 26. MIT Press, 2002.
- May 2019
- Background Note
Sources of Capital for Black Entrepreneurs
By: Steven Rogers, Stanley Onuoha and Kayin Barclay
This note was written primarily for black entrepreneurs in order to help them raise capital. The second objective was to recognize the capital providers who are part of the solution to the problem of less than 2% of private equity capital and 1.7% of debt capital in... View Details
Rogers, Steven, Stanley Onuoha, and Kayin Barclay. "Sources of Capital for Black Entrepreneurs." Harvard Business School Background Note 319-117, May 2019.
- 2012
- Working Paper
The Dark Side of the Vote: Biased Voters, Social Information, and Information Aggregation Through Majority Voting
We experimentally investigate information aggregation through majority voting when some voters are biased. In such situations, majority voting can have a "dark side", i.e. result in groups making choices inferior to those made by individuals acting alone. We develop a... View Details
Morton, Rebecca B., Marco Piovesan, and Jean-Robert Tyran. "The Dark Side of the Vote: Biased Voters, Social Information, and Information Aggregation Through Majority Voting." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-017, August 2012.