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      • May 2023
      • Course Overview Note

      Space: Public and Commercial Economics (SPACE)

      By: Matthew C. Weinzierl
      SPACE is a course with two goals: to use the tools of economics to better understand the rapidly evolving space sector, and to train the next generation of commercial space leaders. We pursue these goals through a systematic study of the growing space economy,... View Details
      Keywords: Industry Growth; Aerospace Industry
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      Weinzierl, Matthew C. "Space: Public and Commercial Economics (SPACE)." Harvard Business School Course Overview Note 723-062, May 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Setting Gendered Expectations? Recruiter Outreach Bias in Online Tech Training Programs

      By: Jacqueline N. Lane, Karim R. Lakhani and Roberto Fernandez
      Competence development in digital technologies, analytics, and artificial intelligence is increasingly important to all types of organizations and their workforce. Universities and corporations are investing heavily in developing training programs, at all tenure... View Details
      Keywords: STEM; Selection and Staffing; Gender; Prejudice and Bias; Training; Equality and Inequality; Competency and Skills
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      Lane, Jacqueline N., Karim R. Lakhani, and Roberto Fernandez. "Setting Gendered Expectations? Recruiter Outreach Bias in Online Tech Training Programs." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-066, April 2023. (Accepted by Organization Science.)
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Culture as a Signal: Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment

      By: Wei Cai, Dennis Campbell and Jiehang Yu
      The importance of culture as an informal management control system is increasingly acknowledged in academia. While prior research mainly focuses on the value of culture on internal stakeholders (e.g., employees), we examine whether culture serves as a credible signal... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Culture; Groups and Teams; Customer Focus and Relationships
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      Cai, Wei, Dennis Campbell, and Jiehang Yu. "Culture as a Signal: Evidence from a Natural Field Experiment." SSRN Working Paper Series, No. 4447603, May 2023.
      • May 2023
      • Article

      Decarbonizing Health Care: Engaging Leaders in Change

      By: Vivian S. Lee, Kathy Gerwig, Emily Hough, Kedar Mate, Robert Biggio and Robert S. Kaplan
      Health care leaders are often surprised to learn that their operations contribute significantly to a warming climate. In addition to their roles as responders to and victims of extreme weather events, health care organizations have an obligation to reduce... View Details
      Keywords: Health Care; Decarbonization; Carbon Emissions; Net-zero Emissions; Climate Change; Health Care and Treatment; Health Industry
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      Lee, Vivian S., Kathy Gerwig, Emily Hough, Kedar Mate, Robert Biggio, and Robert S. Kaplan. "Decarbonizing Health Care: Engaging Leaders in Change." NEJM Catalyst Innovations in Care Delivery 4, no. 5 (May 2023).
      • May 2023
      • Article

      Do Internal Control Weaknesses Affect Firms' Demand for Financial Skills? Evidence from U.S. Job Postings

      By: Janet Gao, Kenneth J. Merkley, Joseph Pacelli and Joseph H. Schroeder
      Ineffective internal controls over financial reporting often relates to a lack of qualified personnel with sufficient accounting and technical expertise. In this study, we examine whether firms respond to internal control failures by increasing their demand for... View Details
      Keywords: Internal Controls; Labor Demand; Accounting; Financial Reporting; Experience and Expertise; Recruitment; Competency and Skills; Corporate Finance
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      Gao, Janet, Kenneth J. Merkley, Joseph Pacelli, and Joseph H. Schroeder. "Do Internal Control Weaknesses Affect Firms' Demand for Financial Skills? Evidence from U.S. Job Postings." Accounting Review 98, no. 3 (May 2023): 203–228.
      • May 2023
      • Article

      How Do Campaigns Shape Vote Choice? Multi-Country Evidence from 62 Elections and 56 TV Debates

      By: Caroline Le Pennec and Vincent Pons
      We use two-round survey data from 62 elections in 10 countries since 1952 to study the formation of vote choice, beliefs, and policy preferences and assess how televised debates contribute to this process. Our data include 253,000 observations. We compare the... View Details
      Keywords: Political Debates; TV Debates; Voting; Political Elections; Decision Choices and Conditions
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      Le Pennec, Caroline, and Vincent Pons. "How Do Campaigns Shape Vote Choice? Multi-Country Evidence from 62 Elections and 56 TV Debates." Quarterly Journal of Economics 138 (May 2023): 703–767.
      • May 2023
      • Article

      Incentive Effects of Subjective Allocations of Rewards and Penalties

      By: Wei Cai, Susanna Gallani and Jee-Eun Shin
      We examine the incentive effects of subjectivity in allocating tournament-based rewards and punishments. We use data from a company where reward and punishment decisions are based on a combination of objective metrics and subjective performance assessments. Rankings... View Details
      Keywords: Subjectivity; Tournament-based Incentives; Rewards; Penalties; Expectancy Theory; Employees; Compensation and Benefits; Management; Decisions; Performance; Measurement and Metrics
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      Cai, Wei, Susanna Gallani, and Jee-Eun Shin. "Incentive Effects of Subjective Allocations of Rewards and Penalties." Management Science 69, no. 5 (May 2023): 3121–3139.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Operational Impact of Communication Channels: Evidence from Last-Mile Delivery Services

      By: Natalie Epstein, Santiago Gallino and Antonio Moreno
      Communication channels are often used to improve customer satisfaction and behavior. This paper studies how they can be used to enhance operational performance.
      We partner with a last-mile delivery company and, through natural and field experiments, explore... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Satisfaction; Consumer Behavior; Logistics; Communication
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      Epstein, Natalie, Santiago Gallino, and Antonio Moreno. "Operational Impact of Communication Channels: Evidence from Last-Mile Delivery Services." Working Paper, August 2024.
      • April 2023 (Revised July 2023)
      • Case

      Dena Almansoori at e&: Fostering Culture Change at a UAE Telco Transforming to a Global Techco

      By: Emily Truelove, Michelle Zhang and Alpana Thapar
      Dena Almansoori, the first female and one of the youngest members of the United Arab Emirates-based e&’s leadership team, joined in 2020 just before e& began a strategic transition from being a regional telecommunications company to becoming a global technology... View Details
      Keywords: Leadership; Culture; Transformation; Technology; Telecommunications; Employee Mobility; Talent; Leading Change; Human Resources; Telecommunications Industry; Technology Industry; Middle East; United Arab Emirates
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      Truelove, Emily, Michelle Zhang, and Alpana Thapar. "Dena Almansoori at e&: Fostering Culture Change at a UAE Telco Transforming to a Global Techco." Harvard Business School Case 423-040, April 2023. (Revised July 2023.)
      • April 2023 (Revised July 2023)
      • Case

      Dena Almansoori at e&: Fostering Culture Change at a UAE Telco Transforming to a Global Techco (Abridged)

      By: Emily Truelove, Michelle Zhang and Alpana Thapar
      Dena Almansoori, the first female and one of the youngest members of the United Arab Emirates-based e&’s leadership team, joined in 2020 just before e& began a strategic transition from being a regional telecommunications company to becoming a global technology... View Details
      Keywords: Technology; Telecommunications; Employee Mobility; Leading Change; Human Resources; Organizational Culture; Transformation; Change Management; Employee Relationship Management; Leadership; Talent and Talent Management; Telecommunications Industry; Technology Industry; Middle East; United Arab Emirates
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      Truelove, Emily, Michelle Zhang, and Alpana Thapar. "Dena Almansoori at e&: Fostering Culture Change at a UAE Telco Transforming to a Global Techco (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 423-059, April 2023. (Revised July 2023.)
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Feature Importance Disparities for Data Bias Investigations

      By: Peter W. Chang, Leor Fishman and Seth Neel
      It is widely held that one cause of downstream bias in classifiers is bias present in the training data. Rectifying such biases may involve context-dependent interventions such as training separate models on subgroups, removing features with bias in the collection... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Analytics and Data Science; Prejudice and Bias
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      Chang, Peter W., Leor Fishman, and Seth Neel. "Feature Importance Disparities for Data Bias Investigations." Working Paper, March 2023.
      • Spring 2023
      • Article

      Incentive Contract Design and Employee-Initiated Innovation: Evidence from the Field

      By: Wei Cai, Susanna Gallani and Jee-Eun Shin
      This study examines how the design of incentive contracts for tasks defined as workers’ official responsibilities (i.e., standard tasks) influences workers’ propensity to engage in employee-initiated innovation (EII). EII corresponds to innovation activities that are... View Details
      Keywords: Employee-initiated Innovation; Contract Design; Rank-and-file; Extra-role Behaviors; Compensation and Benefits; Motivation and Incentives; Innovation and Management
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      Cai, Wei, Susanna Gallani, and Jee-Eun Shin. "Incentive Contract Design and Employee-Initiated Innovation: Evidence from the Field." Contemporary Accounting Research 40, no. 1 (Spring 2023): 292–323.
      • April 2023
      • Article

      On the Privacy Risks of Algorithmic Recourse

      By: Martin Pawelczyk, Himabindu Lakkaraju and Seth Neel
      As predictive models are increasingly being employed to make consequential decisions, there is a growing emphasis on developing techniques that can provide algorithmic recourse to affected individuals. While such recourses can be immensely beneficial to affected... View Details
      Keywords: Recourse; Privacy Threats; AI and Machine Learning; Information
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      Pawelczyk, Martin, Himabindu Lakkaraju, and Seth Neel. "On the Privacy Risks of Algorithmic Recourse." Proceedings of the International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Statistics (AISTATS) 206 (April 2023).
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      The Limits of Algorithmic Measures of Race in Studies of Outcome Disparities

      By: David S. Scharfstein and Sergey Chernenko
      We show that the use of algorithms to predict race has significant limitations in measuring and understanding the sources of racial disparities in finance, economics, and other contexts. First, we derive theoretically the direction and magnitude of measurement bias in... View Details
      Keywords: Racial Disparity; Paycheck Protection Program; Measurement Error; AI and Machine Learning; Race; Measurement and Metrics; Equality and Inequality; Prejudice and Bias; Forecasting and Prediction; Outcome or Result
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      Scharfstein, David S., and Sergey Chernenko. "The Limits of Algorithmic Measures of Race in Studies of Outcome Disparities." Working Paper, April 2023.
      • April 2023
      • Article

      The Real Exchange Rate, Innovation and Productivity

      By: Laura Alfaro, Alejandro Cuñat, Harald Fadinger and Yanping Liu
      We evaluate manufacturing firms' responses to changes in the real exchange rate (RER) using detailed firm-level data for a large set of countries for the period 2001-2010. We uncover the following stylized facts about regional variation of manufacturing firms'... View Details
      Keywords: Real Exchange Rate; Firm Level Data; Innovation; Productivity; Exporting; Importing; Credit Constraints; Currency Exchange Rate; Innovation and Invention; Performance Productivity
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      Alfaro, Laura, Alejandro Cuñat, Harald Fadinger, and Yanping Liu. "The Real Exchange Rate, Innovation and Productivity." Journal of the European Economic Association 21, no. 2 (April 2023): 637–689.
      • March 2023
      • Case

      Moderna

      By: Marco Iansiti, Karim R. Lakhani, Hannah Mayer, Kerry Herman, Allison J. Wigen and Dave Habeeb
      This multimedia case follows the story of Moderna and its entry into vaccine development in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. In summer 2020, Stephane Bancel, CEO of biotech firm Moderna, faces several challenges as his company races to develop a vaccine for COVID-19.... View Details
      Keywords: Health Pandemics; Research and Development; Digital Transformation; Health Testing and Trials; Biotechnology Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Iansiti, Marco, Karim R. Lakhani, Hannah Mayer, Kerry Herman, Allison J. Wigen, and Dave Habeeb. "Moderna." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Case 623-703, March 2023. (Click here to access this case.)
      • March 2023 (Revised June 2023)
      • Case

      Metaverse Wars

      By: Andy Wu, David B. Yoffie and Matt Higgins
      In 2023, the term metaverse — a combination of “meta” and “universe” — had become a catch-all for a diverse set of expectations about online virtual worlds and the future of the internet. To some, the metaverse conjured images of a massive participatory videogame... View Details
      Keywords: Metaverse; Technology; Virtual Reality; Facebook; Social Media; Technological Innovation; Internet and the Web; Technology Adoption
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      Wu, Andy, David B. Yoffie, and Matt Higgins. "Metaverse Wars." Harvard Business School Case 723-431, March 2023. (Revised June 2023.)
      • March 2023 (Revised June 2025)
      • Case

      Close Concerns: Diabetes Research and Advocacy

      By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Brian L. Walker
      Diagnosed with diabetes at the age of 18, Kelly Close understood the importance of balancing consistency and iteration. This principle had also informed her professional work, which started with a rapid promotion from financial analyst at Goldman Sachs to an analyst... View Details
      Keywords: Diabetes; Health; Health Care; Health Care And Treatment; Health Care Outcomes; Health Care Industry; Knowledge Dissemination; Outcome or Result; Equality and Inequality; Business Model; Entrepreneurship
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      Herzlinger, Regina E., and Brian L. Walker. "Close Concerns: Diabetes Research and Advocacy." Harvard Business School Case 323-047, March 2023. (Revised June 2025.)
      • 2023
      • Chapter

      Marketing Through the Machine’s Eyes: Image Analytics and Interpretability

      By: Shunyuan Zhang, Flora Feng and Kannan Srinivasan
      he growth of social media and the sharing economy is generating abundant unstructured image and video data. Computer vision techniques can derive rich insights from unstructured data and can inform recommendations for increasing profits and consumer utility—if only the... View Details
      Keywords: Transparency; Marketing Research; Algorithmic Bias; AI and Machine Learning; Marketing
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      Zhang, Shunyuan, Flora Feng, and Kannan Srinivasan. "Marketing Through the Machine’s Eyes: Image Analytics and Interpretability." Chap. 8 in Artificial Intelligence in Marketing. 20, edited by Naresh K. Malhotra, K. Sudhir, and Olivier Toubia, 217–238. Review of Marketing Research. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2023.
      • March 2023 (Revised June 2023)
      • Teaching Note

      Ransomware Attack at Springhill Medical Center

      By: Suraj Srinivasan and Li-Kuan (Jason) Ni
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 123-065. In July, 2019, Springhill Medical Center (“SMC”) in Mobile, Alabama fell prey to a malicious ransomware attack that crippled the hospital’s internal network systems and public-facing web page. While the hospital rushed to... View Details
      Keywords: Disruption; Communication; Communication Strategy; Decision Making; Decision Choices and Conditions; Judgments; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Disclosure; Corporate Governance; Governance Controls; Policy; Employees; News; Cybersecurity; Digital Strategy; Information Infrastructure; Information Management; Internet and the Web; Crisis Management; Business or Company Management; Resource Allocation; Risk Management; Negotiation Tactics; Failure; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Attitudes; Behavior; Perception; Reputation; Trust; Public Opinion; Social Issues; Health Industry; Alabama; United States
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, and Li-Kuan (Jason) Ni. "Ransomware Attack at Springhill Medical Center." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 123-068, March 2023. (Revised June 2023.)
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