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Publications

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  • 2012
  • Working Paper

Mexico's Financial Crisis of 1994-1995

By: Aldo Musacchio
This paper explains the causes leading to the Mexican crisis of 1994-1995 (known as "The Tequila Crisis"), and its short- and long-term consequences. It argues that excessive enthusiasm on the part of foreign investors, not based on Mexico's fundamentals, and weak... View Details
Keywords: Financial Crisis; Foreign Direct Investment; Banks and Banking; Government and Politics; Currency Exchange Rate; Banking Industry; Mexico
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  • 2025
  • Working Paper

Dynamic Personalization with Multiple Customer Signals: Multi-Response State Representation in Reinforcement Learning

By: Liangzong Ma, Ta-Wei Huang, Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
Reinforcement learning (RL) offers potential for optimizing sequences of customer interactions by modeling the relationships between customer states, company actions, and long-term value. However, its practical implementation often faces significant challenges.... View Details
Keywords: Dynamic Policy; Deep Reinforcement Learning; Representation Learning; Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment; Latent Variable Models; Customer Relationship Management; Customer Value and Value Chain; Foreign Direct Investment; Analytics and Data Science
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  • Web

Behavioral Finance & Financial Stability

invest in multiple foreign currencies. These cross country lending/borrowing operations create demand for currency hedges. A tightening of domestic monetary policy may drive a bank to lend more in a View Details
  • April 2017 (Revised February 2020)
  • Case

Restructuring Ukraine

By: Kristin Mugford, Seema Amble and Tian Feng
In June 2015, Ukraine found itself struggling with a volatile and devalued currency, dramatically diminished foreign reserves, and a projected financing shortfall of $40 billion. Ukraine’s new government sought to return the nation to stability following political... View Details
Keywords: Exchange Rates; Politics; Macroeconomics; Financial Crisis; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Restructuring; Economy; Currency Exchange Rate; Banks and Banking; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Bonds; Sovereign Finance; Capital Markets; Credit; Debt Securities; Financial Liquidity; Financial Markets; Government and Politics; Ukraine
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  • February 2008 (Revised November 2011)
  • Case

The International Monetary Fund in Crisis

By: Rawi Abdelal, David Moss and Eugene Kintgen
When Dominique Strauss-Kahn became the Managing Director of the International Monetary Fund in late 2007, he faced a number of significant changes. The organization had lost much of its legitimacy over the previous decade, and countries seemed increasingly reluctant to... View Details
Keywords: History; Globalized Economies and Regions; Problems and Challenges; Developing Countries and Economies; Borrowing and Debt; Government and Politics; Financial Institutions; Business Strategy; Macroeconomics; Financial Services Industry
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  • Web

Global Crises Data by Country - Behavioral Finance & Financial Stability

exchange rate crises, stock market crises, sovereign debt growth and default, and many other data series. To see Carmen’s related research, please visit her website here. The BFFS Project keeps this data updated and available for... View Details
  • February 1998 (Revised October 2002)
  • Case

Uganda and the Washington Consensus

By: Huw Pill and Courtenay Sprague
Under the direction of President Museveni, much of the world has heaped praise on Uganda for transforming its economy from devastation to growth and managing the ethnic and racial strife that has divided the country in the past. Following a decade of reforms, Uganda is... View Details
Keywords: Macroeconomics; Economy; Policy; Analysis; Development Economics; Borrowing and Debt; Management; Developing Countries and Economies; Uganda
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  • March–April 2015
  • Article

The Almighty Ruble

By: Debora L. Spar
At 1 AM Moscow time on December 16, Russia's central bank announced a massive hike in the country's interest rate, from 10.5% to 17%. It's not clear how Russian leader Vladimir Putin and his colleagues could realistically have expected to achieve anything by hiking the... View Details
Keywords: Monetary Policy; Economy; Policy; Currency; Interest Rates; Sovereign Finance; Russia
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  • 09 Sep 2014
  • First Look

First Look: September 9

Catalytic cracker and gas-to-liquids plant in Lake Charles, Louisiana. This $21 billion venture will be the single largest foreign direct investment in U.S. manufacturing history. The plants, on 1,600 acres adjacent to the company's... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne

    Meg Rithmire

    Meg Rithmire is the James E. Robison Professor in the Business, Government, and International Economy Unit. Professor Rithmire holds a PhD in Government from Harvard University, and her primary expertise is in the comparative political economy of development with a... View Details

    Keywords: real estate
    • 01 Sep 2015
    • First Look

    First Look -- September 1, 2015

    when the sovereign is temporarily excluded from capital markets. Differently from previous analyses, we assume that in addition to accumulating international reserves, countries can borrow internationally using their own currency. As opposed to traditional sovereign... View Details
    Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
    • 01 Jul 2014
    • First Look

    First Look: July 1

    majority sexual orientations in organizations. Publisher's link: http://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Publication%20Files/Shifting%20Landscape%20of%20LGBT%20Org%20Research_0d247765-4372-49ed-9aae-dce41aef12b7.pdf August 2013 Foreign Affairs... View Details
    Keywords: Carmen Nobel
    • 10 Jan 2017
    • First Look

    First Look at New Research: January 10, 2017

    insights into foreign policy, statecraft, and world order have been widely discussed. Yet surprisingly, until this book, his impressive achievements as a negotiator have escaped systematic analysis. While specific cases have been examined... View Details
    Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
    • Web

    The Canton Trade and The Hong Merchants System - A Chronicle of the China Trade

    of the China Trade Introduction Doing Business with China Augustine Heard & Co. The Canton Trade Commodities & Currencies Treaty Ports & Compradors Clippers & Steamships Exploring Trade Links Chinese Competition Expatriate Traders... View Details
    • Web

    Marketing - Faculty & Research

    improvements, increasing 30-day in-game currency spending by 37% compared to standard offline RL methods and 24% over advanced state representation techniques. Policy interpretation further highlights MRSR’s ability to identify distinct... View Details
    • Web

    Topics - HBS Working Knowledge

    (19) Annual Reports (2) Annuities (1) Arts (2) Asset Management (3) Asset Pricing (4) Assets (11) Attitudes (18) Auctions (4) Balanced Scorecard (11) Banks and Banking (30) Behavioral Finance (7) Behavior (75) Bids and Bidding (1) Bonds (7) Borrowing and View Details
    • Web

    Finance - Faculty & Research

    mechanism that amplifies interest rate volatility. I find strong support for these predictions in the time series of US government bond returns. 2014 Working Paper Financial Repression in the European Sovereign Debt Crisis By: Bo Becker... View Details
    • Web

    Research - Behavioral Finance & Financial Stability

    lending/borrowing operations create demand for currency hedges. A tightening of domestic monetary policy may drive a bank to lend more in a foreign currency by its effect on... View Details
    • Web

    Help - Alumni

    Union The Credit Union offers a variety of products and services to the Harvard community. Harvard Alumni World MasterCard® Designed exclusively for Harvard alumni, the card offers cash back and travel rewards, plus no annual or foreign... View Details
    • Web

    Named Fellowship Funds - Alumni

    Patricia Bilden on the occasion of Philip's 25th Reunion to encourage students from the US Armed Forces to pursue an MBA at HBS. Philip served in the US Army Reserve as a military intelligence officer for 10 years, during which time he received his MBA. He graduated... View Details