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  • All HBS Web  (1,654)
    • People  (3)
    • News  (316)
    • Research  (975)
    • Events  (17)
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  • 2014
  • Working Paper

Modularity and Intellectual Property Protection

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Joachim Henkel
Modularity is a means of partitioning technical knowledge about a product or process. When state-sanctioned intellectual property (IP) rights are ineffective or costly to enforce, modularity can be used to hide information and thus protect IP. We investigate the impact... View Details
Keywords: Modularity; Value Appropriation; Relational Contracts; Clans; Rights; Complexity; Intellectual Property
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Baldwin, Carliss Y., and Joachim Henkel. "Modularity and Intellectual Property Protection." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-046, December 2013. (Revised June 2014.)
  • March 16, 2021
  • Article

From Driverless Dilemmas to More Practical Commonsense Tests for Automated Vehicles

By: Julian De Freitas, Andrea Censi, Bryant Walker Smith, Luigi Di Lillo, Sam E. Anthony and Emilio Frazzoli
For the first time in history, automated vehicles (AVs) are being deployed in populated environments. This unprecedented transformation of our everyday lives demands a significant undertaking: endowing complex autonomous systems with ethically acceptable behavior. We... View Details
Keywords: Automated Driving; Public Health; Artificial Intelligence; Transportation; Health; Ethics; Policy; AI and Machine Learning
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De Freitas, Julian, Andrea Censi, Bryant Walker Smith, Luigi Di Lillo, Sam E. Anthony, and Emilio Frazzoli. "From Driverless Dilemmas to More Practical Commonsense Tests for Automated Vehicles." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 11 (March 16, 2021).
  • July 2005 (Revised January 2011)
  • Case

Understanding Customer Profitability at Charles Schwab

By: Francisco de Asis Martinez-Jerez
Charles Schwab is transforming into a customer-centric organization. Central to this cultural and organizational change is the utilization of customer profitability at different decision-making levels. Examines several technical aspects of the ABC cost system, as well... View Details
Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Motivation and Incentives; Customer Relationship Management; Customer Value and Value Chain; Activity Based Costing and Management; Decision Making; Organizational Culture; Profit; Performance Evaluation; Budgets and Budgeting
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Martinez-Jerez, Francisco de Asis. "Understanding Customer Profitability at Charles Schwab." Harvard Business School Case 106-002, July 2005. (Revised January 2011.)
  • August 2023
  • Article

Explaining Machine Learning Models with Interactive Natural Language Conversations Using TalkToModel

By: Dylan Slack, Satyapriya Krishna, Himabindu Lakkaraju and Sameer Singh
Practitioners increasingly use machine learning (ML) models, yet models have become more complex and harder to understand. To understand complex models, researchers have proposed techniques to explain model predictions. However, practitioners struggle to use... View Details
Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Technological Innovation; Technology Adoption
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Slack, Dylan, Satyapriya Krishna, Himabindu Lakkaraju, and Sameer Singh. "Explaining Machine Learning Models with Interactive Natural Language Conversations Using TalkToModel." Nature Machine Intelligence 5, no. 8 (August 2023): 873–883.
  • 30 Nov 2021
  • In Practice

What's the Role of Business in Confronting Climate Change?

The 26th annual United Nations Climate Change Conference of the Parties, also known as COP26, ended with a hard-fought pact that called on businesses and governments to meet their climate change goals faster. The event followed an August report by the Intergovernmental... View Details
Keywords: by Lynn Schenk and Dina Gerdeman
  • Summer 2013
  • Article

IP Modularity: Profiting from Innovation by Aligning Product Architecture with Intellectual Property

By: Joachim Henkel, Carliss Y. Baldwin and Willy C. Shih
Firms seeking to take advantage of distributed innovation and outsourcing can bridge the tension between value creation and value capture by modifying the modular structure of their technical systems. Specifically, this article introduces the concept of "IP... View Details
Keywords: Modularity; Value Appropriation; Distributed Innovation; Open Innovation; Innovation Strategy; Intellectual Property; Value
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Henkel, Joachim, Carliss Y. Baldwin, and Willy C. Shih. "IP Modularity: Profiting from Innovation by Aligning Product Architecture with Intellectual Property." California Management Review 55, no. 4 (Summer 2013): 65–82.
  • 2012
  • Working Paper

Organization Design for Distributed Innovation

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
Systems of distributed innovation—so-called business ecosystems—have become increasingly prevalent in many industries. These entities generally encompass numerous corporations, individuals, and communities that might be individually autonomous but related through their... View Details
Keywords: Organizational Design; Innovation and Management; Social and Collaborative Networks; Intellectual Property; Rights; Governance Controls
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Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Organization Design for Distributed Innovation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-100, May 2012.
  • 2018
  • Working Paper

Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 6 The Value Structure of Technologies, Part 1: Mapping Functional Relationships

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
Organizations are formed in a free economy because a person or group perceives value in carrying out a technical recipe that is beyond the capacity of a single person. Technology specifies what must be done, what resources must be assembled, what actions taken, and... View Details
Keywords: Language; Information Technology; System; Relationships
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Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 6 The Value Structure of Technologies, Part 1: Mapping Functional Relationships." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-037, October 2018.
  • Teaching Interest

Leadership and Corporate Accountability

By: Christina R. Wing

In this course, students learn about the complex responsibilities facing business leaders today. Through cases about difficult managerial decisions, the course examines the legal, ethical, and economic responsibilities of corporate leaders. It also teaches students... View Details

  • July 2006
  • Case

Paul Chesler, Director, Quality Assurance

Introduces the systemic nature of product quality and the complexity of quality problems. A new director of quality assurance discovers an apparent quality problem. The actions of different departments and functions contribute to the problem. The new director must... View Details
Keywords: Quality; Production
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Leonard, Frank S. "Paul Chesler, Director, Quality Assurance." Harvard Business School Case 607-002, July 2006.
  • November 2019 (Revised May 2021)
  • Case

DeepGreen - the Metals Company and Polymetallic Nodules

By: Richard H.K. Vietor
The world has begun a “green transition”—a move to reduce carbon emissions. Part of this will entail a growing shift to electric vehicles. Huge amounts of metals—cobalt, nickel, and copper—will be needed to supply electric vehicles. Mining these on land, however, is... View Details
Keywords: Polymetallic Nodules; Seabed Mining; Entrepreneurial Finance; Metals and Minerals; Mining; Entrepreneurship; Finance; Problems and Challenges
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Vietor, Richard H.K. "DeepGreen - the Metals Company and Polymetallic Nodules." Harvard Business School Case 720-016, November 2019. (Revised May 2021.)
  • December 4, 2012
  • Article

Business Leaders Are More Than Profiteers, as They Deliver Growth in an Efficient, Fair Manner

By: Karthik Ramanna
The legitimacy of market capitalism rests on its ability to deliver freedom, prosperity, and growth in a manner that is efficient and fair. The pursuit of profit is a central but not the only element of capitalism. There are many circumstances, such as when lobbying... View Details
Keywords: Capitalism; Leadership; India
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Ramanna, Karthik. "Business Leaders Are More Than Profiteers, as They Deliver Growth in an Efficient, Fair Manner." Economic Times (December 4, 2012).
  • 2016
  • Case

Advanced Leadership Pathways: Mahendra Bapna and Technology Education in India

By: Rosabeth Moss Kanter and Pamela Yatsko
Keywords: India; Education; Higher Education; Leadership; Leadership Skills; Technology Education; Tata Motors; Outcome-based Technology Education; OBTE; Indian Institute Of Technology; IIT; Engineering College; Global Management Consulting; University-21; Federation Of Indian Chambers Of Commerce And Industry; FICCI; Indian Economy; Information Technology; Tertiary Education System; University; University Level; Colleges; Institutes Of Technology; Academia; Academia-industry; Technical Institutes; Indian Institute Of Technology Jodhpur; IITJ; IIT Rajasthan; Infrastructure Development; Senior Student Syndrome; Industry Immersion Program; Technology; India
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Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, and Pamela Yatsko. "Advanced Leadership Pathways: Mahendra Bapna and Technology Education in India." Harvard Business Publishing Case 316-163, 2016. (Harvard Advanced Leadership Initiative.)
  • 10 Oct 2008
  • Working Paper Summaries

The Architecture of Platforms: A Unified View

Keywords: by Carliss Y. Baldwin & C. Jason Woodard
  • April 2004
  • Case

D-Wave Systems: Building a Quantum Computer

By: Alan D. MacCormack, Ajay Agrawal and Rebecca Henderson
D-Wave Systems is a start-up seeking to commercialize a quantum computer. Its business model is unique: as of 2003, it had very few technical resources within the firm. Instead, it financed a series of projects undertaken at universities and government labs. In return... View Details
Keywords: Business Model; Business Startups; Engineering; Investment; Intellectual Property; Product Development; Research and Development; Commercialization; Computer Industry
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MacCormack, Alan D., Ajay Agrawal, and Rebecca Henderson. "D-Wave Systems: Building a Quantum Computer." Harvard Business School Case 604-073, April 2004.
  • 13 Feb 2024
  • Cold Call Podcast

Apple’s Dilemma: Balancing Privacy and Safety Responsibilities

Keywords: Re: Nien-he Hsieh & Henry W. McGee
  • May 2013
  • Article

Hybrid Innovation in Meiji Japan

By: Tom Nicholas
Japan's hybrid innovation system during the Meiji era of technological modernization provides a useful laboratory for examining the effectiveness of complementary mechanisms to patents. Patents were introduced in 1885, and by 1911, 1.2 million mostly non-pecuniary... View Details
Keywords: Prizes; Technological Innovation; System; Patents; Knowledge; Value; Cost vs Benefits; Factories, Labs, and Plants; Performance Effectiveness; Japan
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Nicholas, Tom. "Hybrid Innovation in Meiji Japan." International Economic Review 54, no. 2 (May 2013): 575–600.
  • March 2023 (Revised November 2023)
  • Module Note

The Social Purpose of the Firm

By: Debora L. Spar and Julia M. Comeau
The Social Purpose of the Firm (SPF) is a short module designed to explore how, and under what circumstances, business leaders can harness the power of capitalism and markets to “make a difference in the world” – that is, to address a significant societal problem as a... View Details
Keywords: Social Accounting; Purpose; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Social Enterprise; Mission and Purpose; United States; Sweden; Kenya; Netherlands
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Spar, Debora L., and Julia M. Comeau. "The Social Purpose of the Firm." Harvard Business School Module Note 323-051, March 2023. (Revised November 2023.)
  • 2021
  • Working Paper

The Origins of CE Marking: Standards, Business, and the European Market in the 1980s–1990s

By: Grace Ballor
Many products—from consumer electronics to machinery to children’s toys—bear the CE Mark, the symbol of conformity to the ‘essential requirements’ of European standards governed by the process of CE Marking. This working paper traces the development of the system of... View Details
Keywords: Business And Government; Market Liberalization; Standards; Markets; Trade; Integration; Business History; Globalization; Business and Government Relations; Europe; European Union
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Ballor, Grace. "The Origins of CE Marking: Standards, Business, and the European Market in the 1980s–1990s." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 21-142, June 2021.
  • April 1985 (Revised October 1988)
  • Case

Everest Computer (A): The Development of the SuperMOS Process

By: Kim B. Clark
The research and development lab at the semiconductor development and manufacturing facility of a computer systems manufacturer has embarked on a radically improved semiconductor manufacturing process for application in a new computer system. The case offers a detailed... View Details
Keywords: Factories, Labs, and Plants; Governance Controls; Production; Research and Development; Hardware; Semiconductor Industry
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Clark, Kim B. "Everest Computer (A): The Development of the SuperMOS Process." Harvard Business School Case 685-085, April 1985. (Revised October 1988.)
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