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  • December 2019 (Revised June 2021)
  • Case

Mãe Terra and Unilever (A)

By: Lynn S. Paine, Ruth Costas and Priscilla Zogbi
The case concerns the sale of Mãe Terra, one of Brazil's leading brands for packaged organic foods, to the consumer goods giant Unilever in 2017. Working with Unilever management, Mãe Terra’s CEO Alexandre Borges must determine whether and how to keep Mãe Terra's B... View Details
Keywords: Mergers ＆ Acquisitions; Brand Management; Sustainability; Mergers and Acquisitions; Mission and Purpose; Social Enterprise; Corporate Governance; Governing and Advisory Boards; Environmental Sustainability; Organizational Culture; Food and Beverage Industry; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Brazil; Latin America
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  • 2018
  • Book

A Crisis of Beliefs: Investor Psychology and Financial Fragility

By: Nicola Gennaioli and Andrei Shleifer
The collapse of Lehman Brothers in September 2008 caught markets and regulators by surprise. Although the government rushed to rescue other financial institutions from a similar fate after Lehman, it could not prevent the deepest recession in postwar history. A... View Details
Keywords: Financial Fragility; Economic Risk; Investor Behavior; Behavioral Economics; Financial Crisis; Risk and Uncertainty; Financial Markets; Investment; Values and Beliefs; United States
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  • March 2021 (Revised April 2021)
  • Case

Making Impact Investing Markets: IFC (A)

By: Shawn A. Cole, John Masko and T. Robert Zochowski
In 2017, the International Finance Corporation (IFC) faced the first big investment decision in its new Scaling Solar project. Founded in 1956, IFC was an international investment body with national governments as shareholders, whose mission was to promote economic... View Details
Keywords: Impact Investing; Development Economics; Developing Countries and Economies; Renewable Energy; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Borrowing and Debt; Credit; Equity; Bonds; Financing and Loans; Growth and Development; Emerging Markets; Non-Governmental Organizations; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Investment; Decision Making; Financial Services Industry; Energy Industry; Zambia
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  • 08 Aug 2017
  • First Look

First Look at Research and Ideas, August 8, 2017

using money to buy time can protect people from the detrimental effects of time pressure on life satisfaction. Publisher's link: https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=52953 Governance Through Shame and Aspiration: Index Creation... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • 2012
  • Chapter

Integrated Reporting Requires Integrated Assurance

By: Robert G. Eccles, Michael P. Krzus and Liv A. Watson
In the wake of the recent financial crisis, increasing the effectiveness of auditing has weighed heavily on the minds of those responsible for governance. When a business is profitable and paying healthy dividends to its stockholders, fraudulent activities and... View Details
Keywords: Risk Management; Crime and Corruption; Integrated Corporate Reporting; Governance Compliance; Organizational Culture; Management Systems; Laws and Statutes; Information Management; Accounting Audits; Financial Crisis
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  • December 2022
  • Article

Shaping Nascent Industries: Innovation Strategy and Regulatory Uncertainty in Personal Genomics

By: Cheng Gao and Rory McDonald
In nascent industries—whose new technologies are often poorly understood by regulators—contending with regulatory uncertainty can be crucial to organizational survival and growth. Prior research on nonmarket strategy has largely focused on established firms in mature... View Details
Keywords: Technological Change; Innovation; Qualitative Methods; New Categories; Entrepreneurship; Technological Innovation; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Risk and Uncertainty; Strategy
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  • Web

Strategy - Doctoral

Casadesus-Masanell Leemore S. Dafny Jan W. Rivkin Eric J. Van den Steen Dennis A. Yao Corporate governance Jonas Heese Cynthia A. Montgomery Joseph Pacelli Lynn S. Paine Clayton S. Rose George Serafeim View Details
  • Forthcoming
  • Article

From Bupkis to Sechel in Health Care

By: Regina E. Herzlinger and Richard Boxer
Fifty years ago, famed economist Milton Friedman declared that “The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits.” This free market manifesto was adopted by the healthcare industry as well. But transactional has evolved into transformational with the... View Details
Keywords: Corporate Accountability; Customer Focus and Relationships; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Health Industry
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  • Research Summary

Winning Coalitions

By: James K. Sebenius
James K. Sebenius is examining the most effective ways to generate and sustain cooperation among a corporations many stakeholders. As the number of stakeholders grows, and management actions more often involve players outside the traditional chain of command and... View Details
  • Career Coach

Betsy Edwards

Betsy (HGSE, '12) is a Corporate Relations Director in HBS Career & Professional Development with over ten years of coaching experience.  Her focus is on supporting students and alumni seeking an impact-oriented career primarily in... View Details
Keywords: Government; Government; Government; Government; Government; Government; Government; Government
  • January – February 2011
  • Article

Creating Shared Value

By: Michael E. Porter and Mark R. Kramer
The capitalist system is under siege. In recent years business has been criticized as a major cause of social, environmental, and economic problems. Companies are widely thought to be prospering at the expense of their communities. Trust in business has fallen to new... View Details
Keywords: Customer Value and Value Chain; Economic Growth; Economic Systems; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Trust; Human Needs; Welfare; Competitive Advantage; Value Creation
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  • March 2018
  • Case

Sachem Head's Activism at Autodesk

By: Suraj Srinivasan and Quinn Pitcher
In 2015, activist hedge fund Sachem Head Capital, led by founder Scott Ferguson, launched an activist campaign at computer aided design (CAD) software maker Autodesk. The activist campaign, waged mainly in private, was over Autodesk's lackluster financial performance,... View Details
Keywords: Shareholder Activism; Investing; Activist Investing; Technology; CEO Turnover; Hedge Fund Activism; Benchmarking; Corporate Governance; Information Technology; Investment Activism; Performance Improvement; Management Succession; United States
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  • July–August 2013
  • Article

Building Sustainable Cities

By: John D. Macomber
By 2050 the number of people living in cities will have nearly doubled, to 6 billion, and the problems created by this rampant urbanization are among the most important challenges of our time. Of all resource-management issues, the author argues, water, electricity,... View Details
Keywords: Growth Management; Urban Development; Entrepreneurship; Infrastructure; City
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  • December 1998 (Revised March 2001)
  • Case

Korea Stock Exchange, 1998

By: Tarun Khanna, Krishna G. Palepu and James Chang
Following a major financial crisis, the South Korean government attempted to revive the Korea Stock Exchange to spur equity investment in Korean companies. This case describes the reforms undertaken so far and the challenges that lay ahead. View Details
Keywords: Equity; Stocks; Restructuring; Emerging Markets; Corporate Governance; Business and Government Relations; Accounting Industry; Financial Services Industry; South Korea
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  • Web

Faculty & Research

for local governments - adjust at a pace that is inconsistent with property values in the US. We show that this form of revenue smoothing may be rooted in the political economy of municipalities. Measures of local budget stressors are... View Details
  • Summer 2020
  • Article

Venture Capital's Role in Financing Innovation: What We Know and How Much We Still Need to Learn

By: Josh Lerner and Ramana Nanda
Venture capital is associated with some of the most high-growth and influential firms in the world. Academics and practitioners have effectively articulated the strengths of the venture model. At the same time, venture capital financing also has real limitations in its... View Details
Keywords: Innovation; Financing; Venture Capital; Financing and Loans; Technological Innovation
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  • August 2018 (Revised April 2021)
  • Case

The Fuji-Xerox Merger

By: Guhan Subramanian and Annie Zhao
In January 2018, Xerox, a well-known American digital document firm, convened its board of directors to decide whether to approve a merger with Japanese imaging company Fujifilm. Activist Xerox shareholders were suing to halt the transaction, and documents unearthed... View Details
Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Negotiation Deal; Negotiation Process; Corporate Governance; Law
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  • 2016
  • Working Paper

What Factors Drive Director Perceptions of Their Board's Effectiveness?

By: Boris Groysberg, Paul M. Healy and Richard Ellis Crum
We use a survey of directors to collect data on their ratings of board effectiveness as well as board internal dynamics and key processes. Controlling for many of the governance metrics examined by prior research, we find that directors’ ratings of their boards’... View Details
Keywords: Board Of Directors; Corporate Governance; Performance Effectiveness; Perception; Risk Management
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  • 22 May 2007
  • First Look

First Look: May 22, 2007

had lower average returns during our sample period, but the difference in average returns is smaller than would be implied by the global CAPM given the historical equity premium. Download the paper: http://www.hbs.edu/research/pdf/07-084.pdf The Excess Burden of View Details
Keywords: Martha Lagace
  • August 2006 (Revised October 2009)
  • Background Note

Acquisitive Reorganizations - Triangular Mergers

By: Henry B. Reiling and Kevin Wall
Discusses the reasons and uses of triangular or three-party mergers to complete a business acquisition or tax-free corporate reorganization. View Details
Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Taxation; Organizational Structure
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