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- All HBS Web
(579)
- News (95)
- Research (394)
- Events (5)
- Multimedia (4)
- Faculty Publications (234)
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- September 2014
- Article
Colonial Institutions, Trade Stocks, and the Diffusion of Elementary Education in Brazil, 1889–1930
By: Aldo Musacchio, Andre C. Martinez Fritscher and Martina Viarengo
We show how the decentralization of fiscal responsibility among Brazilian states between 1889 and 1930 promoted an unequal expansion of public schooling. We document how the variation in state export tax revenues, product of commodity booms, explains improvements in... View Details
Musacchio, Aldo, Andre C. Martinez Fritscher, and Martina Viarengo. "Colonial Institutions, Trade Stocks, and the Diffusion of Elementary Education in Brazil, 1889–1930." Journal of Economic History 74, no. 3 (September 2014): 730 –766.
- February 2014
- Case
Diageo: Innovating for Africa
By: David E. Bell, Damien P. McLoughlin and Mary L. Shelman
Diageo, the world's leading premium drinks business, had a long history in Africa starting from its beer brand, Guinness, first exported to Sierra Leone in 1827. By 2013, 13% of Diageo's global revenues were from Africa, up from 9% in 2007. Diageo Africa President Nick... View Details
Keywords: Africa; Emerging Market; Innovation; Agribusiness; Beverage Industry; Emerging Markets; Innovation Strategy; Marketing; Food and Beverage Industry; Africa
Bell, David E., Damien P. McLoughlin, and Mary L. Shelman. "Diageo: Innovating for Africa." Harvard Business School Case 514-054, February 2014.
- March 2003 (Revised September 2004)
- Case
Worker Rights and Global Trade: The U.S.-Cambodia Bilateral Textile Trade Agreement
Examines the political and economic dimensions of the campaign to improve workers' rights around the world through the inclusion of labor standards in international trade agreements. The U.S.-Cambodia Textile Trade Agreement was the first agreement of its kind to link... View Details
Keywords: Trade; Agreements and Arrangements; Rights; Working Conditions; Globalization; Consumer Products Industry; Cambodia; United States
Abrami, Regina M. "Worker Rights and Global Trade: The U.S.-Cambodia Bilateral Textile Trade Agreement." Harvard Business School Case 703-034, March 2003. (Revised September 2004.)
- December 2006 (Revised January 2007)
- Case
Chief Timothy Adeola Odutola and Nigeria's Manufacturing Sector
By: Nitin Nohria, Anthony Mayo, Foluke Otudeko and Mark Benson
Chief Timothy Adeola Odutola was an important contributor to Nigeria's manufacturing sector, creating a multimillion-dollar conglomerate including three factories, a retail franchise, a cattle ranch, a 5,000-acre plantation, a sawmill, and an exporting business before... View Details
Keywords: History; Business Conglomerates; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Success; Leadership Style; Business History; Market Entry and Exit; Personal Development and Career; Business Startups; Manufacturing Industry; Nigeria
Nohria, Nitin, Anthony Mayo, Foluke Otudeko, and Mark Benson. "Chief Timothy Adeola Odutola and Nigeria's Manufacturing Sector." Harvard Business School Case 407-027, December 2006. (Revised January 2007.)
- 14 Dec 2017
- Working Paper Summaries
The Real Exchange Rate, Innovation and Productivity
- April 1999
- Background Note
Note on the Caspian Oil Pipelines
By: Benjamin C. Esty and Mathew M Millett
The Caspian region may become one of the world's next major energy producers. Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan-all former Soviet republics--hold vast and largely undeveloped reserves of oil and gas, but the region's export infrastructure is nearly... View Details
Keywords: Economics; Non-Renewable Energy; Investment; Government and Politics; Infrastructure; Outcome or Result; Projects; Natural Environment; Azerbaijan; Kazakhstan; Uzbekistan
Esty, Benjamin C., and Mathew M Millett. "Note on the Caspian Oil Pipelines." Harvard Business School Background Note 299-044, April 1999.
- October 2010
- Supplement
The Export-Import Bank of the United States (CW)
By: C. Fritz Foley and Matthew Johnson
In the fall of 2009, Fred Hochberg, Chairman of The Export-Import Bank of the United States (Ex-Im), and his team struggled to find a way to help finance the sale of Boeing aircraft to Emirates. Ex-Im responds to the challenges in credit market with an innovative... View Details
- September 1999 (Revised November 2002)
- Background Note
Indian Software Industry in 2002, The
The Indian software industry, growing at more than 50% per annum and largely dependent on exports of services and products, is one of the few industries in that country considered to be globally competitive. This note allows a discussion of the uses and limits of... View Details
Keywords: Geographic Location; Competition; Applications and Software; Globalization; Information Technology Industry; India
Ghemawat, Pankaj. "Indian Software Industry in 2002, The." Harvard Business School Background Note 700-036, September 1999. (Revised November 2002.)
- April 2010 (Revised May 2013)
- Case
Mexico: Crisis and Competitiveness
By: Aldo Musacchio, Richard H.K. Vietor and Regina Garcia-Cuellar
In 2010, the bicentennial anniversary of Mexico's revolution against Spain, President Felipe Calderon hoped he could orchestrate several crucial reforms that Mexico needed. Mexico had not grown much over the course of the last decade, losing competitiveness to China... View Details
Keywords: Economic Growth; Trade; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Competitive Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Mexico
Musacchio, Aldo, Richard H.K. Vietor, and Regina Garcia-Cuellar. "Mexico: Crisis and Competitiveness." Harvard Business School Case 710-058, April 2010. (Revised May 2013.)
- July 2009
- Case
Arcor: Global Strategy and Local Turbulence (Abridged)
Argentine confectionery manufacturer, Arcor Group, seeks to implement an international strategy but in 2003, while recovering from the Argentine financial crisis, globalization plans are thwarted. Already Latin America's leading candy producer and an exporter to over... View Details
Keywords: Financial Crisis; Currency; Global Strategy; Expansion; Balance and Stability; Food and Beverage Industry; Latin America; Argentina
Ghemawat, Pankaj, Michael G. Rukstad, and Jenny Illes. "Arcor: Global Strategy and Local Turbulence (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 710-407, July 2009.
- November 2003 (Revised November 2005)
- Case
Arcor: Global Strategy and Local Turbulence
Argentine confectionery manufacturer, Arcor Group, seeks to implement an international strategy but in 2003, recovering from the Argentine financial crisis, thwarts globalization plans. Already Latin America's leading candy producer and an exporter to over 100... View Details
Keywords: Risk and Uncertainty; Decision Making; Global Strategy; Food and Beverage Industry; Argentina
Ghemawat, Pankaj, Michael G. Rukstad, and Jenny Illes. "Arcor: Global Strategy and Local Turbulence." Harvard Business School Case 704-427, November 2003. (Revised November 2005.)
- July 2000 (Revised June 2009)
- Case
Embraer: The Global Leader in Regional Jets
By: Pankaj Ghemawat, Gustavo A. Herrero and Luiz Felipe Monteiro
Embraer is the story of a company from a developing country, Brazil, that has become the leader in a high-tech field, regional passenger jets. Embraer's first family of regional jets has been highly successful and, at the time of the case, it is embarking on a major... View Details
Keywords: Air Transportation; Capital Structure; Corporate Strategy; Developing Countries and Economies; Air Transportation Industry; Brazil
Ghemawat, Pankaj, Gustavo A. Herrero, and Luiz Felipe Monteiro. "Embraer: The Global Leader in Regional Jets". Harvard Business School Case 701-006, July 2000. (Revised June 2009.)
- March 2022
- Case
Copper Nationalization in Chile
By: Jeremy Friedman, John Masko and Jingyu Liu
In 1970 Chile became the first country to elect a Marxist president through open, multi-party elections in Salvador Allende. In his first year as president, Allende nationalized the copper industry, Chile’s largest export industry that was developed and owned by US... View Details
Keywords: Nationalism; History; Political Elections; Natural Resources; Globalized Markets and Industries; National Security; Government Administration; Government and Politics; Chile
Friedman, Jeremy, John Masko, and Jingyu Liu. "Copper Nationalization in Chile." Harvard Business School Case 722-016, March 2022.
- March 1999 (Revised March 2004)
- Case
Georgian Glass and Mineral Water
Georgian Glass and Mineral Water (GGMW), was created in 1995 by a Georgian entrepreneur and Western investors in Georgia (former Soviet Union) to bottle and market the famous mineral water from the Borjomi valley. At the height of the Soviet Union's power, Borjomi was... View Details
Keywords: Privatization; Emerging Markets; Financing and Loans; Distribution Industry; Food and Beverage Industry
Kuemmerle, Walter, and Chad S Ellis. "Georgian Glass and Mineral Water." Harvard Business School Case 899-081, March 1999. (Revised March 2004.)
- 2025
- Working Paper
Trade and Industrial Policy in Supply Chains: Directed Technological Change in Rare Earths
By: Laura Alfaro, Harald Fadinger, Jay Schymik and Gede Virananda
Trade and industrial policies, while primarily intended to support domestic industries, may unintentionally stimulate technological progress abroad. We document this mechanism in the case of rare earth elements (REEs)—critical inputs for manufacturing at the knowledge... View Details
Keywords: Industrial Policy; Global Value Chains; Directed Technological Change; Input-output Linkages; Innovation; Trade; Metals and Minerals; Technological Innovation; Supply Chain; Technology Industry
Alfaro, Laura, Harald Fadinger, Jay Schymik, and Gede Virananda. "Trade and Industrial Policy in Supply Chains: Directed Technological Change in Rare Earths." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-059, May 2025.
- December 1998
- Case
Australian Wheat Board Limited.: Becoming a Grower-owned Corporation
By: Ray A. Goldberg, Carin-Isabel Knoop and Cate Reavis
In July 1999, the Australian Wheat Board (AWB), a statutory national and international grain marketing organization, would become grower-owned. As a private corporation, the AWB would no longer receive government borrowing guarantees and would have to rely on its own... View Details
Keywords: Transformation; Capital Structure; Globalized Markets and Industries; Monopoly; Employee Ownership; Competition
Goldberg, Ray A., Carin-Isabel Knoop, and Cate Reavis. "Australian Wheat Board Limited.: Becoming a Grower-owned Corporation." Harvard Business School Case 599-070, December 1998.
- July 2022 (Revised September 2022)
- Case
Birla Carbon Egypt: Building Soft Power in a Foreign Country
By: Jeremy Friedman and Malini Sen
Birla Carbon, a flagship business of the nearly $60-billion global conglomerate and India-headquartered Aditya Birla Group (ABG), is one of the world's top manufacturers and suppliers of high-quality carbon black. The largest among its 16 manufacturing plants is Birla... View Details
Keywords: Acquisition; Family Business; Disruption; Transformation; Diversity; Trade; Energy; Values and Beliefs; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Global Strategy; Government and Politics; Private Ownership; Civil Society or Community; Risk and Uncertainty; Value Creation; Industrial Products Industry; Rubber Industry; Egypt; Africa; India; Asia; Atlanta; United States
Friedman, Jeremy, and Malini Sen. "Birla Carbon Egypt: Building Soft Power in a Foreign Country." Harvard Business School Case 723-003, July 2022. (Revised September 2022.)
- December 2008 (Revised October 2012)
- Case
Special Economic Zones in India: Public Purpose and Private Property (A)
By: Laura Alfaro and Lakshmi Iyer
In 2005, the government of India enacted the Special Economic Zones (SEZ) Act in order to attract investment, generate export revenues, and create manufacturing jobs. However, several planned projects faced difficulties in acquiring land for setting up the SEZ. In... View Details
Keywords: Acquisition; Development Economics; Economic Growth; Policy; Government Legislation; Property; Business and Community Relations; Business and Government Relations; India
Alfaro, Laura, and Lakshmi Iyer. "Special Economic Zones in India: Public Purpose and Private Property (A)." Harvard Business School Case 709-027, December 2008. (Revised October 2012.)
- June 2007 (Revised January 2008)
- Case
BBC Worldwide: Global Strategy
By: John A. Quelch and Carin-Isabel Knoop
In January 2007, John Smith, chief executive officer of BBC Worldwide (BBC WW), the commercial arm of the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC), was preparing to meet with his senior managers to discuss BBC WW's global strategy options. BBC WW exploited and exported... View Details
Keywords: Global Strategy; Brands and Branding; Marketing Channels; Expansion; Internet; Media and Broadcasting Industry; Great Britain
Quelch, John A., and Carin-Isabel Knoop. "BBC Worldwide: Global Strategy." Harvard Business School Case 507-034, June 2007. (Revised January 2008.)
- April 2006 (Revised June 2008)
- Case
Peoplepower, Inc.: The Republic of the Philippines
By: Noel Maurer
In 2006, the Philippines faces a difficult choice. Japan has offered the country a trade agreement that includes access to the Japanese labor market for Philippine nurses and other professionals. The same trade agreement, however, means opening the country's... View Details
Keywords: Diasporas; Developing Countries and Economies; Trade; Foreign Direct Investment; Human Capital; Business and Government Relations; Conflict and Resolution; Japan; Philippines
Maurer, Noel. "Peoplepower, Inc.: The Republic of the Philippines." Harvard Business School Case 706-052, April 2006. (Revised June 2008.)