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      • Faculty Publications  (193)

      Operational ComplexityRemove Operational Complexity →

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      • August 2009
      • Case

      The TSMC Way: Meeting Customer Needs at Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co.

      By: Willy C. Shih, Chen-Fu Chien, Chintay Shih and Jack Chang
      When L.C. Tu receives an emergency order, he is confronted with a range of production scheduling choices, each of which has unique costs and trade-offs. The case was designed to help students understand job-shop style production and the impact of disruptions and... View Details
      Keywords: Disruption; Customer Relationship Management; Decision Choices and Conditions; Cost; Order Taking and Fulfillment; Production; Semiconductor Industry; Taiwan
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      Shih, Willy C., Chen-Fu Chien, Chintay Shih, and Jack Chang. "The TSMC Way: Meeting Customer Needs at Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co." Harvard Business School Case 610-003, August 2009.
      • June 2009 (Revised December 2011)
      • Case

      Colbún—Powering Chile

      By: Forest L. Reinhardt, Gustavo A. Herrero and Sanjay Patnaik
      This case is about Colbún, Chile's second largest electricity generator, which is facing significant uncertainty regarding the cost and availability of alternative energy sources. Problems with the contracted supply of natural gas and the volatility of oil prices,... View Details
      Keywords: Non-Renewable Energy; Globalized Markets and Industries; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Government Legislation; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Business and Government Relations; Climate Change; Business Strategy; Energy Industry; Chile
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      Reinhardt, Forest L., Gustavo A. Herrero, and Sanjay Patnaik. "Colbún—Powering Chile." Harvard Business School Case 709-060, June 2009. (Revised December 2011.)
      • May 2009
      • Case

      Tokyo Electron Ltd.

      By: Willy C. Shih and Andrew A. King
      Tokyo Electron Ltd. operates in a constrained innovation environment, defined by modular boundaries that are long standing in the industry that it serves, the global semiconductor manufacturing industry. While the original motivation for these boundaries was division... View Details
      Keywords: Globalized Markets and Industries; Governance Controls; Technological Innovation; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Boundaries; Manufacturing Industry; Semiconductor Industry
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      Shih, Willy C., and Andrew A. King. "Tokyo Electron Ltd." Harvard Business School Case 609-096, May 2009.
      • 2008
      • Book

      On Competition

      By: M. E. Porter
      Competition is one of society's most powerful forces for making things better in many fields of human endeavor. The study of competition and the creation of value, in their full richness, have preoccupied me for several decades. Competition is pervasive, whether it... View Details
      Keywords: Leadership; Practice; Competitive Strategy; Theory; Value Creation
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      Porter, M. E. On Competition. Updated and Expanded Ed. Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing, 2008.
      • 2008
      • Working Paper

      The Architecture of Platforms: A Unified View

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and C. Jason Woodard
      The central role of "platform" products and services in mediating the activities of disaggregated "clusters" or "ecosystems" of firms has been widely recognized. But platforms and the systems in which they are embedded are very diverse. In particular, platforms may... View Details
      Keywords: Digital Platforms; Industry Clusters; Infrastructure; Information Infrastructure; Digital Platforms
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y., and C. Jason Woodard. "The Architecture of Platforms: A Unified View." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-034, September 2008.
      • February 2008
      • Article

      Where Do Transactions Come From? Modularity, Transactions, and the Boundaries of Firms

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      This article constructs a theory of the location of transactions and the boundaries of firms in a productive system. It proposes that systems of production can be viewed as networks, in which tasks-cum-agents are the nodes and transfers—of material, energy and... View Details
      Keywords: Boundaries; Production; Market Transactions; Supply Chain; Management; Cost; Theory; Performance Productivity; Information Management; Complexity
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Where Do Transactions Come From? Modularity, Transactions, and the Boundaries of Firms." Industrial and Corporate Change 17, no. 1 (February 2008): 155–195. (Selected as one of the top twenty articles in the first twenty years of publication, 1992-2011.)
      • January 2008 (Revised May 2009)
      • Case

      Restructuring at Delphi Corporation (A)

      By: Stuart C. Gilson and Sarah L. Abbott
      Delphi Corporation, operating under Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection, has filed a plan of reorganization with the court, under which a consortium of hedge funds led by Appaloosa Management will invest up to $2.6 billion in new equity. Also participating in the plan is... View Details
      Keywords: Restructuring; Capital Structure; Private Equity; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Investment Funds; Labor and Management Relations; Auto Industry; Service Industry
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      Gilson, Stuart C., and Sarah L. Abbott. "Restructuring at Delphi Corporation (A)." Harvard Business School Case 208-069, January 2008. (Revised May 2009.)
      • 2007
      • Working Paper

      Competition in Modular Clusters

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and C. Jason Woodard
      The last twenty years have witnessed the rise of disaggregated "clusters," "networks," or "ecosystems" of firms. In these clusters the activities of R&D, product design, production, distribution, and system integration may be split up among hundreds or even thousands... View Details
      Keywords: Price; Profit; Digital Platforms; Industry Clusters; Competition; Horizontal Integration; Vertical Integration
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y., and C. Jason Woodard. "Competition in Modular Clusters." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-042, December 2007.
      • 2007
      • Working Paper

      The Impact of Component Modularity on Design Evolution: Evidence from the Software Industry

      By: Alan MacCormack, John Rusnak and Carliss Y. Baldwin

      Much academic work asserts a relationship between the design of a complex system and the manner in which this system evolves over time. In particular, designs which are modular in nature are argued to be more "evolvable," in that these designs facilitate making... View Details

      Keywords: Product Design; Adaptation; Software; Information Technology Industry
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      MacCormack, Alan, John Rusnak, and Carliss Y. Baldwin. "The Impact of Component Modularity on Design Evolution: Evidence from the Software Industry." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-038, December 2007.
      • November 2007
      • Case

      Antegren: A Beacon of Hope

      By: Joshua D. Margolis, Thomas J. DeLong and Terence Heymann
      The CEO of Biogen Idec faces a set of difficult decisions regarding a promising drug for Multiple Sclerosis that is headed for early approval by the FDA. The first in a series focuses on operational decisions triggered by the drive for early approval. Sparks discussion... View Details
      Keywords: Demand and Consumers; Leadership; Ethics; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Decision Choices and Conditions; Crisis Management; Health Testing and Trials; Biotechnology Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Margolis, Joshua D., Thomas J. DeLong, and Terence Heymann. "Antegren: A Beacon of Hope." Harvard Business School Case 408-025, November 2007.
      • 2007
      • Book

      When Professionals Have to Lead: A New Model for High Performance

      By: Thomas J. DeLong, John J. Gabarro and Robert Lees
      For too long, professional services firms (PSFs) have relied on the "producer-manager" model, which works well in uncomplicated business environments. However, today's managing directors must balance conflicting roles, more demanding clients, tougher competitors, and... View Details
      Keywords: Leadership; Management Practices and Processes; Service Operations; Performance Effectiveness; Strategy
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      DeLong, Thomas J., John J. Gabarro, and Robert Lees. When Professionals Have to Lead: A New Model for High Performance. Harvard Business School Press, 2007.
      • Sep 2007 - 2007
      • Conference Presentation

      Antecedents of Boundary Spanning in Cross-functional NPD Teams

      By: James R. Dillon, Shikhar Sarin and Amy C. Edmondson
      Boundary spanning has been shown in prior research to enhance innovativeness and performance of product development teams. In this study, we examine team conditions that foster boundary spanning behavior. We analyze survey data from 207 members of 54 cross-functional... View Details
      Keywords: Product Development; Innovation and Invention; Groups and Teams; Behavior; Performance Improvement; Boundaries; Leadership Style; Product; Complexity; Integration; Power and Influence
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      Dillon, James R., Shikhar Sarin, and Amy C. Edmondson. "Antecedents of Boundary Spanning in Cross-functional NPD Teams." Paper presented at the Product Development and Management Association Annual Global Conference on Product Innovation Management, Orlando, FL, September 2007.
      • 2007
      • Working Paper

      Modularity, Transactions, and the Boundaries of Firms: A Synthesis

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      This paper constructs a unified theory of the location of transactions and the boundaries of firms. It proposes that systems of production can be viewed as networks of tasks. Transactions, defined as mutually agreed-upon transfers with compensation, are located... View Details
      Keywords: Geographic Location; Market Entry and Exit; Market Transactions; Industry Structures; Production; Boundaries; Theory
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Modularity, Transactions, and the Boundaries of Firms: A Synthesis." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-013, September 2007.
      • December 2006 (Revised January 2007)
      • Case

      Restructuring Navigator Gas Transport Plc

      By: C. Fritz Foley
      How should creditors pursue their claims in a multi-jurisdiction bankruptcy? David Butters, Managing Director at Lehman Brothers, negotiates a restructuring of Navigator Gas Transport, a shipping company that is headquartered in Switzerland, incorporated in the Isle of... View Details
      Keywords: Management Teams; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Complexity; Capital Structure; Restructuring; International Finance; Law; Ship Transportation; Shipping Industry; Switzerland; Isle of Man
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      Foley, C. Fritz. "Restructuring Navigator Gas Transport Plc." Harvard Business School Case 207-092, December 2006. (Revised January 2007.)
      • November 2006 (Revised November 2007)
      • Case

      Strategy in the Twenty First Century Pharmaceutical Industry: Merck & Co. and Pfizer Inc.

      By: David J. Collis and Troy Smith
      The global pharmaceutical industry has gone through substantial changes in the last few decades and pharmaceutical firms face major challenges including headline-grabbing litigation, imminent patent expirations, new technologies, rising drug development costs, generic... View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Growth and Development Strategy; Product Development; Research and Development; Corporate Strategy; Pharmaceutical Industry; United States
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      Collis, David J., and Troy Smith. "Strategy in the Twenty First Century Pharmaceutical Industry: Merck & Co. and Pfizer Inc." Harvard Business School Case 707-509, November 2006. (Revised November 2007.)
      • August 2006
      • Case

      Dreyer's Slow Churned(TM) Ice Cream

      By: Noel H. Watson, Steven C. Wheelwright and Brian DeLacey
      Examines capacity forecasting and planning in a complex new product introduction scenario. The introduction at Dreyer's, a large dairy snack manufacturer, involves not only a new product but a new manufacturing process and product package, thus implying a significant... View Details
      Keywords: Advertising; Forecasting and Prediction; Growth and Development Strategy; Brands and Branding; Product Launch; Product Development; Planning; Food and Beverage Industry; United States
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      Watson, Noel H., Steven C. Wheelwright, and Brian DeLacey. "Dreyer's Slow Churned(TM) Ice Cream." Harvard Business School Case 607-018, August 2006.
      • Article

      The Information Technology Ecosystem: Structure, Health, and Performance

      By: Marco Iansiti and Gregory L. Richards

      A number of modern industries are organized as complex networks of firms whose integrated efforts are necessary to deliver value to end customers. The complexity of these networks, or business ecosystems, and the associated interdependencies among firms, make... View Details

      Keywords: Business Ventures; Networks; Value; Customers; Performance Productivity; Product; Applications and Software; Innovation and Invention; Competition; Business Model; Information Infrastructure; Information Technology Industry
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      Iansiti, Marco, and Gregory L. Richards. "The Information Technology Ecosystem: Structure, Health, and Performance." Antitrust Bulletin 51, no. 1 (Spring 2006).
      • November 2005 (Revised March 2006)
      • Case

      Genentech - Capacity Planning

      By: Daniel C. Snow, Steven C. Wheelwright and Alison Berkley Wagonfeld
      While facilitating a complex clinical approval process over the next two to three years for a family of new cancer drugs, Genentech must develop a long-term capacity plan for a major class of new cancer products. Adding to the complexity and uncertainty is the fact... View Details
      Keywords: Factories, Labs, and Plants; Growth and Development Strategy; Management Style; Management Teams; Time Management; Product; Product Development; Business Processes; Performance Capacity; Planning; Risk and Uncertainty; Complexity; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Snow, Daniel C., Steven C. Wheelwright, and Alison Berkley Wagonfeld. "Genentech - Capacity Planning." Harvard Business School Case 606-052, November 2005. (Revised March 2006.)
      • 5 Nov 2005 - 8 Nov 2005
      • Conference Presentation

      Exploring the Architecture of Complex Software Products

      By: Alan MacCormack
      Keywords: Product Design; Applications and Software; Complexity
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      MacCormack, Alan. "Exploring the Architecture of Complex Software Products." In Design Structure Matrix Applications. Paper presented at the INFORMS Annual Meeting, San Francisco, CA, November 5–8, 2005.
      • August 2005 (Revised April 2006)
      • Case

      Kemps LLC: Introducing Time-Driven ABC

      By: Robert S. Kaplan
      Kemps is making a strategy shift: from being focused on fulfilling customer requests to becoming the best cost dairy producer in the industry. Its existing manufacturing cost system, however, fails to capture the costs associated with handling special flavors, small... View Details
      Keywords: Activity Based Costing and Management; Customer Relationship Management; Cost Accounting; Managerial Roles; Cost Management; Earnings Management; Business Strategy; Time Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Management Teams; Decisions; Food and Beverage Industry
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      Kaplan, Robert S. "Kemps LLC: Introducing Time-Driven ABC." Harvard Business School Case 106-001, August 2005. (Revised April 2006.)
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