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- All HBS Web (1,065)
- Faculty Publications (808)
- Fall 2017
- Article
Strengthening and Streamlining Bank Capital Regulation
We propose three core principles that should inform the design of bank capital regulation. First, wherever possible, multiple constraints on the minimum level of equity capital should be consolidated into a single constraint. This helps to avoid a distortionary... View Details
Greenwood, Robin, Samuel Gregory Hanson, Jeremy C. Stein, and Adi Sunderam. "Strengthening and Streamlining Bank Capital Regulation." Brookings Papers on Economic Activity (Fall 2017). (Internet Appendix Here.)
- 2025
- Chapter
Institutional Entrepreneurship and Climate Change
By: Ann-Kristin Bergquist and Geoffrey Jones
This chapter explores when and why private regulatory governance systems became the primary form of global environmental governance. The chapter explores two different historical paths in such private regulation and how they came about. The first path involved... View Details
Keywords: Institutional Entrepreneurship; Environment; Climate Change; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Environmental Regulation; Standards; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact
Bergquist, Ann-Kristin, and Geoffrey Jones. "Institutional Entrepreneurship and Climate Change." Chap. 1 in Climate Change and Business: Historical Perspectives, edited by Teresa da Silva Lopes, Paul Duguid, and Robert Fredona, 8–29. London, United Kingdom: Routledge, 2025.
- January 2009
- Background Note
Financial Networks and Informal Banking in China: From Pawnshops to Private Equity
By: Elisabeth Koll
Provides an analysis of why informal financial networks and institutions still play an extremely important role in China's economy in the 21st century. Although China has emerged as one of the fastest growing economies in the world, it still suffers from a weak... View Details
Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Private Equity; Banks and Banking; Financing and Loans; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; State Ownership; Business and Government Relations; Networks; China
Koll, Elisabeth. "Financial Networks and Informal Banking in China: From Pawnshops to Private Equity." Harvard Business School Background Note 809-111, January 2009.
- April 2007 (Revised August 2014)
- Case
Foreign Direct Investment and South Africa (A)
By: Eric Werker
Incoming and outgoing foreign direct investment in an environment of politics, geography, globalization, and history. Since the end of apartheid, South Africa had undertaken substantial economic reforms in order to attract more foreign direct investment, but it was... View Details
Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Macroeconomics; Foreign Direct Investment; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Business and Government Relations; Africa; South Africa
Werker, Eric. "Foreign Direct Investment and South Africa (A)." Harvard Business School Case 707-019, April 2007. (Revised August 2014.)
- 2023
- Book
The State and Capitalism in China
By: Meg Rithmire, Margaret M. Pearson and Kellee S. Tsai
This element explains China's political economic evolution from state socialist economy to a reform era state capitalism model to a more politicized, risk management approach we call "party-state capitalism." We emphasize the internal and external sources of perceived... View Details
Keywords: China's Political Economy; State Capitalism; State-business Relations; State Ownership; Economic Systems; Government and Politics; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Business and Government Relations; China
Rithmire, Meg, Margaret M. Pearson, and Kellee S. Tsai. The State and Capitalism in China. Cambridge Elements, Elements in Politics and Society in East Asia. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2023.
- 02 Jun 2020
- Working Paper Summaries
HBS COVID-19 Global Policy Tracker
- September 1991 (Revised February 1993)
- Case
Burroughs Wellcome and AZT (A)
Burroughs Wellcome Co., developer of AZT, the first drug approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS), finds itself under siege in September 1989 by AIDS activists and various segments of the U.S.... View Details
Keywords: Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Ethics; Business and Government Relations; Communication Strategy; Health Care and Treatment; Monopoly; Intellectual Property; Research and Development; Price; Pharmaceutical Industry; London
Emmons, Willis M., III. "Burroughs Wellcome and AZT (A)." Harvard Business School Case 792-004, September 1991. (Revised February 1993.)
- March 2009 (Revised June 2012)
- Case
Denmark: Globalization and the Welfare State
By: Arthur A. Daemmrich and Benjamin Kramarz
This case describes how Denmark has balanced the impacts of globalization, including outsourcing and movement of labor, with its social welfare offerings. Reforms implemented during the past two decades drove down unemployment, promoted new company formation, and put... View Details
Keywords: Macroeconomics; Trade; Globalized Economies and Regions; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Job Cuts and Outsourcing; Employment; Welfare or Wellbeing; Denmark
Daemmrich, Arthur A., and Benjamin Kramarz. "Denmark: Globalization and the Welfare State." Harvard Business School Case 709-015, March 2009. (Revised June 2012.)
- April 2011 (Revised March 2012)
- Supplement
U.S. Healthcare Reform: Reaction to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010
By: Arthur A. Daemmrich
Supplement to "U.S. Healthcare Reform: International Perspectives" updating key events and disputes concerning the reform law, including the 2010 Congressional elections, legislative proposals, legal challenges, and responses by employers. View Details
Keywords: Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Government Legislation; Political Elections; Health Care and Treatment; Lawsuits and Litigation; Business and Government Relations; Public Opinion; Health Industry; Public Administration Industry; United States
Daemmrich, Arthur A. "U.S. Healthcare Reform: Reaction to the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010." Harvard Business School Supplement 711-103, April 2011. (Revised March 2012.)
- June 1983 (Revised November 2001)
- Case
EMI and the CT Scanner (A)
Describes the development of the first CT Scanner by EMI, a company new to the medical industry, and EMI's entry into the U.S. market. The company's early success is threatened by the entry of a dozen competitors (some very large and experienced), by government... View Details
Keywords: Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Technological Innovation; Market Entry and Exit; Industry Structures; Product Development; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
Bartlett, Christopher A. "EMI and the CT Scanner (A)." Harvard Business School Case 383-194, June 1983. (Revised November 2001.)
- 2009
- Working Paper
Dishonest Deed, Clear Conscience: Self-Preservation through Moral Disengagement and Motivated Forgetting
By: Lisa L. Shu, Francesca Gino and Max H. Bazerman
People routinely engage in dishonest acts without feeling guilty about their behavior. When and why does this occur? Across four studies, people justified their dishonest deeds through moral disengagement and exhibited motivated forgetting of information that might... View Details
Shu, Lisa L., Francesca Gino, and Max H. Bazerman. "Dishonest Deed, Clear Conscience: Self-Preservation through Moral Disengagement and Motivated Forgetting ." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-078, January 2009. (Revised April 2009.)
- October 1992 (Revised December 1992)
- Supplement
Salomon and the Treasury Securities Auction: 1992 Update
By: Dwight B. Crane
Briefly summarizes the events that transpired after the investment bank Salomon Brothers revealed that it had repeatedly violated the rules governing the auction of new U.S. Government securities. Includes a description of the violations, the management shake-up that... View Details
Keywords: Crime and Corruption; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Financial Instruments; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; United States
Crane, Dwight B. "Salomon and the Treasury Securities Auction: 1992 Update." Harvard Business School Supplement 293-057, October 1992. (Revised December 1992.)
- June 1983 (Revised March 1985)
- Supplement
EMI and the CT Scanner (B)
Describes the development of the first CT Scanner by EMI, a company new to the medical industry, and EMI's entry into the U.S. market. The company's early success is threatened by the entry of a dozen competitors (some very large and experienced), by government... View Details
Keywords: Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Technological Innovation; Market Entry and Exit; Industry Structures; Product Development; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
Bartlett, Christopher A. "EMI and the CT Scanner (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 383-195, June 1983. (Revised March 1985.)
- October 2009
- Article
Democratizing Entry: Banking Deregulations, Financing Constraints, and Entrepreneurship
By: William R. Kerr and Ramana Nanda
We examine entrepreneurship and creative destruction following US banking deregulations using Census Bureau data. US banking reforms brought about exceptional growth in both entrepreneurship and business closures. Most of the closures, however, were the new ventures... View Details
Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Market Entry and Exit; Capital Markets; Banks and Banking; Growth and Development; Disruptive Innovation
Kerr, William R., and Ramana Nanda. "Democratizing Entry: Banking Deregulations, Financing Constraints, and Entrepreneurship." Journal of Financial Economics 94, no. 1 (October 2009): 124–149.
- February 2004
- Case
Note on Human Behavior: Reason and Emotion
By: Nitin Nohria and Bridget Gurtler
Human beings are driven by reasons and emotions. On the one hand, as rational choice theorists assert, human beings are resourceful and evaluative as they strive to maximize their own interests. An individual's interests can converge or diverge from the interests of... View Details
Keywords: Behavior; Cognition and Thinking; Emotions; Interests; Organizations; Organizational Design; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
Nohria, Nitin, and Bridget Gurtler. "Note on Human Behavior: Reason and Emotion." Harvard Business School Case 404-104, February 2004.
- Article
Regulation and UK Retailing Productivity: Evidence from Microdata
By: Jonathan Haskel and Raffaella Sadun
We explore the effects of planning regulation on the UK retail sector between 1997 and 2003 using micro-data from the UK census. We document a shift to smaller shops following a 1996 regulatory change that increased the costs of opening large stores. Our analysis... View Details
Keywords: Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Performance Productivity; Growth and Development; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Change; Cost; Retail Industry; United Kingdom
Haskel, Jonathan, and Raffaella Sadun. "Regulation and UK Retailing Productivity: Evidence from Microdata." Economica 79, no. 315 (July 2012): 425–448.
- September 2010 (Revised January 2012)
- Case
BP's Macondo: Spill and Response
By: Julio J. Rotemberg
This case starts by reporting various factors that may have contributed to the massive Macondo oil spill, noting that BP, its partners and the government all made decisions that helped cause the accident. It then discusses the response to this spill by BP and the... View Details
Keywords: Safety; Metals and Minerals; Crisis Management; Infrastructure; Trade; Pollutants; Risk and Uncertainty; Business and Government Relations; Finance; Multinational Firms and Management; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Technology Adoption; Energy Industry; Mining Industry; United Kingdom; United States
Rotemberg, Julio J. "BP's Macondo: Spill and Response." Harvard Business School Case 711-021, September 2010. (Revised January 2012.)
- 2024
- Working Paper
Antitrust Platform Regulation and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from China
By: Ke Rong, D. Daniel Sokol, Di Zhou and Feng Zhu
Many jurisdictions have launched antitrust enforcement and brought in regulation of large tech platforms. The swift and strict implementation of China’s Anti-Monopoly Guidelines for the Platform Economy (Platform Guidelines) provides a quasi-natural experiment... View Details
Keywords: Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Competition; Venture Capital; Market Entry and Exit; Supply and Industry; China
Rong, Ke, D. Daniel Sokol, Di Zhou, and Feng Zhu. "Antitrust Platform Regulation and Entrepreneurship: Evidence from China." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-039, January 2024.
- July 2009 (Revised June 2010)
- Supplement
Executive Pay and the Credit Crisis of 2008 (B)
By: V.G. Narayanan and Lisa Brem
As the recession lingered on into 2009, the U.S. government sought to limit executive pay and excessive risk. The debate raged over what constituted excessive risk and how best to mitigate it. This case describes the government restrictions on executive pay for TARP... View Details
Keywords: Financial Crisis; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Government Legislation; Executive Compensation; Risk Management; Business and Government Relations; Motivation and Incentives; United States
Narayanan, V.G., and Lisa Brem. "Executive Pay and the Credit Crisis of 2008 (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 110-005, July 2009. (Revised June 2010.)
- October 2018 (Revised January 2019)
- Case
The Financial Crisis: Timothy Geithner and the Stress Tests
In February and March 2009, the U.S. economy was in the midst of a terrifying financial and economic crisis. Between the beginning of 2008 and early 2009, four of the 25 largest U.S. financial institutions had failed, and nine of these 25 institutions had taken... View Details
Keywords: Bailout; Regulation; Stress Test; Financial Crisis; History; Economy; Policy; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Decision Making; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; Real Estate Industry; United States
Hanson, Samuel G., Robin Greenwood, David Scharfstein, and Adi Sunderam. "The Financial Crisis: Timothy Geithner and the Stress Tests." Harvard Business School Case 219-038, October 2018. (Revised January 2019.)