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      • February 2022 (Revised October 2022)
      • Supplement

      Henkel: Building a Winning Culture (D)

      By: Robert L. Simons and Carolyn Deller
      This three-page case is the third update to Henkel: Building a Winning Culture (A). In this supplement, dated 2021, a new CEO has taken over Henkel and implemented a new strategy. His changes to the original performance management system are presented as a new... View Details
      Keywords: Execution; Management Control Systems; Performance Goals; Incentives; Levers Of Control; Strategy; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Performance Evaluation
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      Simons, Robert L., and Carolyn Deller. "Henkel: Building a Winning Culture (D)." Harvard Business School Supplement 122-055, February 2022. (Revised October 2022.)
      • January 31, 2022
      • Article

      Who Pays Tolls at Work and Who Cruises on an Open Highway?

      By: Siri Chilazi, D. Kolb, Kathleen L. McGinn and Jessica L. Porter
      As organizations continue to navigate a changed world amidst the Covid-19 pandemic and the reverberations of the Black Lives Matter movement, many of the issues that affect underrepresented groups in organizations, including women of all different races and... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Opportunities; Equality and Inequality; Social Issues
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      Chilazi, Siri, D. Kolb, Kathleen L. McGinn, and Jessica L. Porter. "Who Pays Tolls at Work and Who Cruises on an Open Highway?" Harvard Business Review (website) (January 31, 2022).
      • December 2021 (Revised May 2025)
      • Case

      Bed Bath & Beyond: The New Strategy to Drive Shareholder Value

      By: Benjamin C. Esty and Daniel W. Fisher
      At one time, Bed Bath & Beyond was one of the most successful specialty retailers in the United States—its growth and profit margins far exceeded both peer retailers in the home goods market as well as many other discount retailers. But in 2014, its stock price peaked,... View Details
      Keywords: Competitive Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Value Creation; Diversification; Corporate Governance; Leading Change; Performance Evaluation; Valuation; Investment Activism; Retail Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States
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      Esty, Benjamin C., and Daniel W. Fisher. "Bed Bath & Beyond: The New Strategy to Drive Shareholder Value." Harvard Business School Case 722-408, December 2021. (Revised May 2025.)
      • Article

      A Prescriptive Analytics Framework for Optimal Policy Deployment Using Heterogeneous Treatment Effects

      By: Edward McFowland III, Sandeep Gangarapu, Ravi Bapna and Tianshu Sun
      We define a prescriptive analytics framework that addresses the needs of a constrained decision-maker facing, ex ante, unknown costs and benefits of multiple policy levers. The framework is general in nature and can be deployed in any utility maximizing context, public... View Details
      Keywords: Prescriptive Analytics; Heterogeneous Treatment Effects; Optimization; Observed Rank Utility Condition (OUR); Between-treatment Heterogeneity; Machine Learning; Decision Making; Analysis; Mathematical Methods
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      McFowland III, Edward, Sandeep Gangarapu, Ravi Bapna, and Tianshu Sun. "A Prescriptive Analytics Framework for Optimal Policy Deployment Using Heterogeneous Treatment Effects." MIS Quarterly 45, no. 4 (December 2021): 1807–1832.
      • 2021
      • Chapter

      Business Continuity Insurance in the Next Disaster

      By: Samuel Gregory Hanson, Adi Sunderam and Eric Zwick
      This article draws lessons from the business support policies pursued in the COVID-19 pandemic to guide policy design for the next disaster. We contrast the performance of the Paycheck Protection Program to the Main Street Lending Program to illustrate how design... View Details
      Keywords: COVID-19 Pandemic; Policy; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Financing and Loans; United States
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      Hanson, Samuel Gregory, Adi Sunderam, and Eric Zwick. "Business Continuity Insurance in the Next Disaster." In Rebuilding the Post-Pandemic Economy, edited by Melissa S. Kearney and Amy Ganz, 52–77. Washington, DC: Aspen Institute, 2021.
      • Article

      Reliable Post hoc Explanations: Modeling Uncertainty in Explainability

      By: Dylan Slack, Sophie Hilgard, Sameer Singh and Himabindu Lakkaraju
      As black box explanations are increasingly being employed to establish model credibility in high stakes settings, it is important to ensure that these explanations are accurate and reliable. However, prior work demonstrates that explanations generated by... View Details
      Keywords: Black Box Explanations; Bayesian Modeling; Decision Making; Risk and Uncertainty; Information Technology
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      Slack, Dylan, Sophie Hilgard, Sameer Singh, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Reliable Post hoc Explanations: Modeling Uncertainty in Explainability." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) 34 (2021).
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      What Drives Variation in Investor Portfolios? Estimating the Roles of Beliefs and Risk Preferences

      By: Mark Egan, Alexander MacKay and Hanbin Yang
      We present an empirical model of portfolio choice that allows for the nonparametric estimation of investors' (subjective) expectations and risk preferences. Utilizing a comprehensive dataset of 401(k) plans from 2009 through 2019, we explore heterogeneity in asset... View Details
      Keywords: Stock Market Expectations; Demand Estimation; Retirement Planning; Defined Contribution Retirement Plan; 401 (K); Finance; Investment Portfolio; Investment; Retirement; Behavioral Finance; Financial Services Industry; United States
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      Egan, Mark, Alexander MacKay, and Hanbin Yang. "What Drives Variation in Investor Portfolios? Estimating the Roles of Beliefs and Risk Preferences." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-044, December 2021. (Revisions Requested at the Review of Financial Studies. Revised April 2024. Direct download. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 29604, December 2021)
      • Article

      Fighting Bias on the Front Lines

      By: Alexandra C. Feldberg and Tami Kim
      Most companies aim for exceptional customer service, but too few are attentive to the subtle discrimination by frontline employees that can alienate customers, lead to lawsuits, or even cause lasting brand damage by going viral.
      This article presents research... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Service; Customer Focus and Relationships; Service Delivery; Diversity; Prejudice and Bias; Organizational Change and Adaptation
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      Feldberg, Alexandra C., and Tami Kim. "Fighting Bias on the Front Lines." Harvard Business Review 99, no. 6 (November–December 2021): 90–98.
      • October 2021 (Revised February 2022)
      • Case

      Newsweek: Driving a Digital First Strategy

      By: Lynda M. Applegate and Suraj Srinivasan
      The case describes the transformation at Newsweek, the storied news magazine that had fallen from its commanding position as a premier print publication unable to find its footing in the fast changing digital media landscape. After buying Newsweek and taking over as... View Details
      Keywords: Transformation; Strategy; Internet and the Web; Analytics and Data Science; Performance Evaluation; Partners and Partnerships
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      Applegate, Lynda M., and Suraj Srinivasan. "Newsweek: Driving a Digital First Strategy." Harvard Business School Case 822-052, October 2021. (Revised February 2022.)
      • October 2021
      • Background Note

      A Framework for Understanding Racial Disadvantage within Organizations

      By: Alexandra C. Feldberg, Letian Zhang and Anthony J. Mayo
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      Feldberg, Alexandra C., Letian Zhang, and Anthony J. Mayo. "A Framework for Understanding Racial Disadvantage within Organizations." Harvard Business School Background Note 422-035, October 2021.
      • October 2021
      • Article

      Overcoming the Cold Start Problem of CRM Using a Probabilistic Machine Learning Approach

      By: Nicolas Padilla and Eva Ascarza
      The success of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) programs ultimately depends on the firm's ability to understand consumers' preferences and precisely capture how these preferences may differ across customers. Only by understanding customer heterogeneity, firms can... View Details
      Keywords: Customer Management; Targeting; Deep Exponential Families; Probabilistic Machine Learning; Cold Start Problem; Customer Relationship Management; Programs; Consumer Behavior; Analysis
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      Padilla, Nicolas, and Eva Ascarza. "Overcoming the Cold Start Problem of CRM Using a Probabilistic Machine Learning Approach." Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) 58, no. 5 (October 2021): 981–1006.
      • Article

      A Novel Framework for Reputation-Based Systems

      By: Jad Esber and Scott Duke Kominers
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      Esber, Jad, and Scott Duke Kominers. "A Novel Framework for Reputation-Based Systems." Future (September 30, 2021).
      • 2021
      • Article

      Reflections: Voice and Silence in Workplace Conversations

      By: Amy C. Edmondson and Tijs Besieux
      We highlight conversations at work as an arena of change. Drawing on and extending the psychological safety literature, we offer a new framework to distinguish between productive and unproductive forms of both voice and silence. The framework’s four... View Details
      Keywords: Conversation; Silence; Voice; Psychological Safety; Interpersonal Communication; Quality; Management Practices and Processes; Organizational Change and Adaptation
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      Edmondson, Amy C., and Tijs Besieux. "Reflections: Voice and Silence in Workplace Conversations." Journal of Change Management 21, no. 3 (2021): 269–286.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      The Value of Data and Its Impact on Competition

      By: Marco Iansiti
      Common regulatory perspective on the relationship between data, value, and competition in online platforms has increasingly centered on the volume of data accumulated by incumbent firms. This view posits the existence of "data network effects," where more data leads to... View Details
      Keywords: Online Platforms; Data Network Effects; Analytics and Data Science; Value; Competition; Digital Platforms
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      Iansiti, Marco. "The Value of Data and Its Impact on Competition." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-002, July 2021.
      • 2021
      • Working Paper

      T-Shaped Managers—One Size Does Not Fit All: Exploratory Study from the Military

      By: Hise O. Gibson
      People are an organization’s most important resource. Managers who are collaborative and innovative ensure that organizations remain competitive. This type of manager has been referred to as a T-shaped manager. “T” given that the vertical portion represents the depth... View Details
      Keywords: T-shaped Management; Leader Development; Talent Management; Leadership Style; Leadership Development; Management Skills; Talent and Talent Management
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      Gibson, Hise O. "T-Shaped Managers—One Size Does Not Fit All: Exploratory Study from the Military." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-003, July 2021.
      • 2021
      • Article

      Nudging the Commute: Using Behaviorally-Informed Interventions to Promote Sustainable Transportation

      By: Ashley Whillans, Joseph Sherlock, Jessica Roberts, Shibeal O'Flaherty, Lyndsay Gavin, Holly Dykstra and Michael Daly
      Dramatic reductions in carbon emissions must take place immediately. A human-centric method of reducing environmental impacts is to “nudge” employees away from single-occupancy vehicles (SOVs) toward more sustainable commuting options. While an abundance of research... View Details
      Keywords: Behavioral Science; Transportation Demand Management; Commuting; Single-occupancy Vehicle Commutes; Transportation; Behavior; Change; Environmental Sustainability
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      Whillans, Ashley, Joseph Sherlock, Jessica Roberts, Shibeal O'Flaherty, Lyndsay Gavin, Holly Dykstra, and Michael Daly. "Nudging the Commute: Using Behaviorally-Informed Interventions to Promote Sustainable Transportation." Behavioral Science & Policy 7, no. 2 (2021): 27–49.
      • Summer 2021
      • Article

      Platform Leadership and Supply Chains: Intel, Centrino, and the Restructuring of Wi-Fi Supply

      By: Roberto Fontana and Shane Greenstein
      In this paper we examine Intel’s launch of Centrino and interpret it as platform leaders attempt to restructure a supply chain. We provide a narrative of key actions and how they coordinated changes and offer a framework of the predictable consequences for... View Details
      Keywords: Mobile and Wireless Technology; Product Launch; Supply Chain; Restructuring; Framework
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      Fontana, Roberto, and Shane Greenstein. "Platform Leadership and Supply Chains: Intel, Centrino, and the Restructuring of Wi-Fi Supply." Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 30, no. 2 (Summer 2021): 259–286.
      • 2021
      • Chapter

      Towards a Unified Framework for Fair and Stable Graph Representation Learning

      By: Chirag Agarwal, Himabindu Lakkaraju and Marinka Zitnik
      As the representations output by Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are increasingly employed in real-world applications, it becomes important to ensure that these representations are fair and stable. In this work, we establish a key connection between counterfactual... View Details
      Keywords: Graph Neural Networks; AI and Machine Learning; Prejudice and Bias
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      Agarwal, Chirag, Himabindu Lakkaraju, and Marinka Zitnik. "Towards a Unified Framework for Fair and Stable Graph Representation Learning." In Proceedings of the 37th Conference on Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence, edited by Cassio de Campos and Marloes H. Maathuis, 2114–2124. AUAI Press, 2021.
      • 2021
      • Book

      Why Startups Fail: A New Roadmap for Entrepreneurial Success

      By: Thomas R. Eisenmann
      Why Startups Fail explores entrepreneurial failure, examining its predictable patterns, how to avoid them, and how to cope when failure does occur. Part I looks at three common failure patterns for early-stage startups, illustrating each with an anchor case... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Business Startups; Failure; Success; Framework
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      Eisenmann, Thomas R. Why Startups Fail: A New Roadmap for Entrepreneurial Success. New York: Currency, 2021.
      • Article

      Work Group Rituals Enhance the Meaning of Work

      By: Tami Kim, Ovul Sezer, Juliana Schroeder, Jane L. Risen, Francesca Gino and Michael I. Norton
      The many benefits of finding meaning in work suggest the importance of identifying activities that increase job meaningfulness. The current paper identifies one such activity: engaging in rituals with workgroups. Five studies (N = 1,099) provide evidence that... View Details
      Keywords: Groups; Meaningfulness; Task Meaning; Ritual; Teams; Organizational Citizenship; Groups and Teams; Behavior; Familiarity
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      Kim, Tami, Ovul Sezer, Juliana Schroeder, Jane L. Risen, Francesca Gino, and Michael I. Norton. "Work Group Rituals Enhance the Meaning of Work." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 165 (July 2021): 197–212.
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