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      • Faculty Publications  (139)

      Economies Of Scale And ScopeRemove Economies Of Scale And Scope →

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      • March 2006
      • Case

      The Whitesides Lab

      By: H. Kent Bowen and Francesca Gino
      A significant part of the long-term economic growth in developed economies depends on the translation of scientific research into new products and processes. Focuses on the front end of this value creation stream. The laboratory of George Whitesides has a 30-year... View Details
      Keywords: Research; Performance Productivity; Economic Growth; Infrastructure; Creativity; Groups and Teams; Value Creation; Factories, Labs, and Plants; Leadership; Resource Allocation
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      Bowen, H. Kent, and Francesca Gino. "The Whitesides Lab." Harvard Business School Case 606-064, March 2006.
      • February 2005 (Revised June 2007)
      • Case

      Unilever in India: Hindustan Lever's Project Shakti--Marketing FMCG to the Rural Consumer

      By: V. Kasturi Rangan and Rohithari Rajan
      With liberalization of India's economy and the opening up of markets to foreign multinationals such as Procter & Gamble, the Indian subsidiary of Unilever--Hindustan Lever Ltd. (HLL)--was under pressure to grow revenues and profits. HLL had a long and stellar record of... View Details
      Keywords: Economy; Market Entry and Exit; Business Subsidiaries; Revenue; Profit; Market Participation; Programs; Rural Scope; Poverty; Multinational Firms and Management; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry; Beauty and Cosmetics Industry; India
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      Rangan, V. Kasturi, and Rohithari Rajan. "Unilever in India: Hindustan Lever's Project Shakti--Marketing FMCG to the Rural Consumer." Harvard Business School Case 505-056, February 2005. (Revised June 2007.)
      • February 2005
      • Case

      Mahindra & Mahindra: Creating Scorpio

      By: Tarun Khanna, Rajiv Lal and Merlina Manocaran
      Details the emergence of a private sector automobile manufacturer in India that has created globally competitive and cheap versions of an SUV commonly available worldwide. Asks us to think about the parent corporation's next steps in leveraging this success. In... View Details
      Keywords: Developing Countries and Economies; Global Range; Multinational Firms and Management; Emerging Markets; Commercialization; Expansion; Auto Industry; India
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      Khanna, Tarun, Rajiv Lal, and Merlina Manocaran. "Mahindra & Mahindra: Creating Scorpio." Harvard Business School Case 705-478, February 2005.
      • January 2004 (Revised March 2005)
      • Background Note

      Managing Client Conflicts

      By: Ashish Nanda
      This case describes the two types of client conflict--conflict of duty and conflict of service--that professionals manage. It delineates how the management of these conflicts affects the scale and scope of service that professionals provide. View Details
      Keywords: Conflict Management; Service Industry
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      Nanda, Ashish. "Managing Client Conflicts." Harvard Business School Background Note 904-059, January 2004. (Revised March 2005.)
      • November 2003 (Revised December 2003)
      • Case

      Enabling Business Strategy with IT at the World Bank

      By: F. Warren McFarlan and Brian DeLacey
      World Bank IT provides services (communications, applications, video conferencing, knowledge sharing, distance learning, information sharing, client commerce, crisis management, etc.) on a global basis to the poorest countries in the globe via satellites. This case... View Details
      Keywords: Information Infrastructure; Globalized Economies and Regions; Information Technology; Global Strategy; Business Strategy; Banks and Banking; Banking Industry
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      McFarlan, F. Warren, and Brian DeLacey. "Enabling Business Strategy with IT at the World Bank." Harvard Business School Case 304-055, November 2003. (Revised December 2003.)
      • 2003
      • Working Paper

      Dynamic Mixed Duopoly: A Model Motivated by Linux vs. Windows

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Pankaj Ghemawat
      This paper analyzes a dynamic mixed duopoly in which a profit-maximizing competitor interacts with a competitor that prices at zero (or marginal cost), with the cumulation of output affecting their relative positions over time. The modeling effort is motivated by... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Competition; Open Source Distribution; Balance and Stability; Applications and Software; Network Effects; Duopoly and Oligopoly
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon, and Pankaj Ghemawat. "Dynamic Mixed Duopoly: A Model Motivated by Linux vs. Windows." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 04-012, August 2003.
      • March 2003 (Revised April 2006)
      • Background Note

      Scale and Scope in Professional Service Firms

      By: Ashish Nanda
      This case discusses why economies (and diseconomies) of scale and scope exist in professional service firms (PSFs) and how they influence the amount and range of services that PSFs offer. It is distributed with a case that focuses on determining the optimal scale/scope... View Details
      Keywords: Cost Management; Operations; Microeconomics; Service Industry
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      Nanda, Ashish. "Scale and Scope in Professional Service Firms." Harvard Business School Background Note 903-117, March 2003. (Revised April 2006.)
      • March 2002 (Revised January 2010)
      • Case

      BP and the Consolidation of the Oil Industry, 1998-2002

      By: Forest L. Reinhardt, Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and David J Hanson
      Examines the economics of the oil and gas industry with a focus on 1998 through 2001. Discusses the rationale behind using a growth in scale as a means to increase profitability and to gain competitive advantage. Also examines the classic strategic implications of... View Details
      Keywords: Non-Renewable Energy; Growth and Development Strategy; Industry Structures; Competitive Advantage; Consolidation; Horizontal Integration; Vertical Integration; Energy Industry
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      Reinhardt, Forest L., Ramon Casadesus-Masanell, and David J Hanson. "BP and the Consolidation of the Oil Industry, 1998-2002." Harvard Business School Case 702-012, March 2002. (Revised January 2010.)
      • Article

      Scale and Scope in Drug Development: Unpacking the Advantages of Size in Pharmaceutical Research

      By: Rebecca Henderson and Iain Cockburn
      Keywords: Research and Development; Health; Size
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      Henderson, Rebecca, and Iain Cockburn. "Scale and Scope in Drug Development: Unpacking the Advantages of Size in Pharmaceutical Research." Journal of Health Economics 20, no. 6 (November 2001).
      • October 1998 (Revised December 1999)
      • Case

      Lockheed Martin IMS: Making a Contribution and a Profit

      By: Rosabeth M. Kanter and Courtney Purrington
      Examines Lockheed Martin's attempt to move from its traditional reliance on defense/aerospace contracts into providing outsourced government services in the social sector. The protagonist reflects on the past 24 years of rapid growth in the company and the myriad... View Details
      Keywords: Social Enterprise; Partners and Partnerships; Diversification; Performance Effectiveness; Job Cuts and Outsourcing; Welfare; Private Ownership; Public Ownership; Privatization; Strategic Planning; United States
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      Kanter, Rosabeth M., and Courtney Purrington. "Lockheed Martin IMS: Making a Contribution and a Profit." Harvard Business School Case 399-018, October 1998. (Revised December 1999.)
      • February 1998 (Revised May 2007)
      • Case

      Airborne Express

      By: Jan W. Rivkin
      In the wake of a highly successful quarter, senior managers of Airborne Express, the third largest player in the express mail industry, review the firm's competitive position. Airborne has survived, and recently prospered, in an industry with significant economies of... View Details
      Keywords: Competition; Business Strategy; Partners and Partnerships; Global Strategy; Rank and Position; Service Industry
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      Rivkin, Jan W. "Airborne Express." Harvard Business School Case 798-070, February 1998. (Revised May 2007.)
      • July 1997 (Revised April 1998)
      • Case

      Chase Manhattan Corporation: The Making of America's Largest Bank

      By: Stuart C. Gilson and Cedric Escalle
      Chase Bank and Chemical Bank intend to merge, producing the largest commercial bank in the United States, the fourth largest in the world. Projected financial benefits under the merger reflect significant planned reduction in operating costs, including 17,000 employee... View Details
      Keywords: Commercial Banking; Profit; Corporate Strategy; Value Creation; Restructuring; Negotiation; Mergers and Acquisitions; Risk and Uncertainty; Resignation and Termination; Revenue; Banking Industry; United States
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      Gilson, Stuart C., and Cedric Escalle. "Chase Manhattan Corporation: The Making of America's Largest Bank." Harvard Business School Case 298-016, July 1997. (Revised April 1998.)
      • Article

      Scale and Scope in Drug Development: Unpacking the Advantages of Size in Pharmaceutical Research

      By: Rebecca M. Henderson and Iain Cockburn
      Keywords: Research and Development; Health; Size
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      Henderson, Rebecca M., and Iain Cockburn. "Scale and Scope in Drug Development: Unpacking the Advantages of Size in Pharmaceutical Research." Journal of Health Economics 20, no. 6 (November 2001): 32–59.
      • April 1995 (Revised June 1996)
      • Case

      Choice Hotels International, 1995

      By: Tarun Khanna and Israel Yellen Ganot
      Illustrates the various ways in which Choice Hotels, the franchiser for seven mid-market hotel chains, can realize economies of scope across its multiple products. Also provides an opportunity to discuss the benefits and limitations of various organizational forms... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Structure; Competition; Franchise Ownership; Accommodations Industry; United States
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      Khanna, Tarun, and Israel Yellen Ganot. "Choice Hotels International, 1995." Harvard Business School Case 795-165, April 1995. (Revised June 1996.)
      • June 1994 (Revised March 1995)
      • Case

      Swissair's Alliances (A)

      By: David B. Yoffie
      Swissair established two alliance networks in 1989 in order to improve its competitiveness. In order to evaluate the benefits of the alliances, Swissair's history, products, and cost structure are described, as is the international airline industry and the major... View Details
      Keywords: Alliances; Competitive Strategy; Globalization; Air Transportation Industry
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      Yoffie, David B. "Swissair's Alliances (A)." Harvard Business School Case 794-152, June 1994. (Revised March 1995.)
      • Article

      Scale Economies in Statistical Analyses of Market Power

      By: R. E. Caves, J. Khalizadeh-Shirazi and M. E. Porter
      Keywords: Economics; Mathematical Methods; Markets
      Citation
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      Caves, R. E., J. Khalizadeh-Shirazi, and M. E. Porter. "Scale Economies in Statistical Analyses of Market Power." Review of Economics and Statistics 57, no. 2 (May 1975): 133–140.
      • Research Summary

      Energy Strategy

      By: Forest L. Reinhardt
      Forest L. Reinhardt is writing cases and other materials on the strategic problems and opportunitites faced by firms in the energy industry. Significant economies of scale and scope, combined with rapid technological change, present firms in the industry with a... View Details
      • Teaching Interest

      Managing the Future of Work (MBA Education—Elective Curriculum)

      By: Christopher T. Stanton

      The nature and scope of work is changing rapidly, creating massive business challenges in the shadow of broader political and social shifts.  HBS launched a major initiative in 2017 on Managing the Future of Work to define these workplace issues and... View Details

      • Research Summary

      Overview

      By: Shunyuan Zhang
      Professor Zhang uses machine learning to address marketing problems that have arisen within the nascent sharing economy. She conducts rigorous analyses of structured and unstructured data generated by new sharing economy platforms to address important issues emerging... View Details
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