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Show Results For
- All HBS Web
(2,020)
- People (2)
- News (321)
- Research (1,510)
- Events (1)
- Multimedia (4)
- Faculty Publications (890)
- 2025
- Working Paper
Dynamic Personalization with Multiple Customer Signals: Multi-Response State Representation in Reinforcement Learning
Reinforcement learning (RL) offers potential for optimizing sequences of customer interactions by modeling the relationships
between customer states, company actions, and long-term value. However, its practical implementation often faces significant
challenges.... View Details
Keywords: Dynamic Policy; Deep Reinforcement Learning; Representation Learning; Dynamic Difficulty Adjustment; Latent Variable Models; Customer Relationship Management; Customer Value and Value Chain; Foreign Direct Investment; Analytics and Data Science
Ma, Liangzong, Ta-Wei Huang, Eva Ascarza, and Ayelet Israeli. "Dynamic Personalization with Multiple Customer Signals: Multi-Response State Representation in Reinforcement Learning." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-037, February 2025.
- 06 May 2002
- Research & Ideas
A Toolkit for Customer Innovation
innovative products. Now, with customers taking over more of the design task, companies must focus more intently on providing the best custom manufacturing. In other words, the... View Details
Keywords: by Stefan Thomke & Eric Von Hippel
- 09 Dec 2019
- Research & Ideas
Identify Great Customers from Their First Purchase
School. By incorporating data most companies discard, Ascarza and her co-researcher devised an algorithm capable of quickly analyzing more than 40 variables to create a “first impression” of the customer after the initial transaction. The... View Details
- 01 Oct 1997
- News
After 27 Years at HBS, Shapiro Shifts Professional Focus
Publications, director of Research, head of the required MBA Marketing course, and faculty chair of Strategic Marketing Management. Shapiro is the author, coauthor, or editor of fourteen books, among them Seeking Customers and Keeping... View Details
- March 2000 (Revised February 2005)
- Case
Hewlett Packard--Computer Systems Organization: Selling to Enterprise Customers
By: Das Narayandas and Robert C. Dudley
In late 1996, Manuel Diaz, head of Worldwide Sales for Hewlett-Packard's (HP) Computer Systems Organization (CSO), is reviewing the results of an audit of HP's enterprise customer management approach with the objective of identifying market and organizational... View Details
Keywords: Accounting Audits; Transformation; Customer Relationship Management; Cost vs Benefits; Marketing Strategy; Sales; Computer Industry
Narayandas, Das, and Robert C. Dudley. "Hewlett Packard--Computer Systems Organization: Selling to Enterprise Customers." Harvard Business School Case 500-064, March 2000. (Revised February 2005.)
- September 2022
- Background Note
On CUE: The Quest for Optimal Customer Unit Economics
By: Elie Ofek, Barak Libai and Eitan Muller
Startups are often evaluated by how well they perform on unit economics, defined as the ratio of a customer’s lifetime value (LTV) to acquisition costs (CAC). A common target for unit economics, advocated by many VCs and analysts, is 3:1 (i.e., LTV/CAC=3). While there... View Details
Keywords: Unit Economics; Business Startups; Performance Evaluation; Customer Value and Value Chain; Customer Relationship Management; Analysis
Ofek, Elie, Barak Libai, and Eitan Muller. "On CUE: The Quest for Optimal Customer Unit Economics." Harvard Business School Background Note 523-050, September 2022.
- May 2024
- Background Note
Net Revenue Retention: Unpacking the Dynamics of Customer Monetization
By: Elie Ofek, Barak Libai and Eitan Muller
Firms and investors alike are beginning to recognize the importance of tracking how revenues from existing customers are evolving over time and to appreciate the value in understanding what might explain changes in these revenues. Consequently, in addition to looking... View Details
Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Revenue; Measurement and Metrics; Customer Value and Value Chain
Ofek, Elie, Barak Libai, and Eitan Muller. "Net Revenue Retention: Unpacking the Dynamics of Customer Monetization." Harvard Business School Background Note 524-092, May 2024.
- September 2024
- Exercise
Assessing the Value of Unifying and De-Duplicating Customer Data
By: Elie Ofek and Hema Yoganarasimhan
This exercise provides an opportunity for students to gain hands on experience with assessing the value of unifying various customer databases that a firm may have (e.g., across the different brands it markets) and of properly identifying customers to avoid duplication... View Details
Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Measurement and Metrics; Analytics and Data Science; Value
Ofek, Elie, and Hema Yoganarasimhan. "Assessing the Value of Unifying and De-Duplicating Customer Data." Harvard Business School Exercise 525-023, September 2024.
- March 2003
- Background Note
Managing a Customer Relationship Over Time
By: Das Narayandas
Describes the different ways in which vendors can sell a portfolio of products to industrial customers. View Details
- 17 Jun 2016
- Op-Ed
Companies Need to Start Marketing Security to Customers
undercut a positive message about a product's benefits with safety warnings. That might make you feel uncomfortable and even dissuade you from buying the brand. You might instead buy a competitive product that doesn't flag safety issues quite as much. "Risk... View Details
- March 2011
- Exercise
Customer Intelligence Advantage: Module 2 Assignment
By: F. Asis Martinez Jerez
This exercise directs students to analyze a customer-centric firm by first understanding the elements that characterize a customer-centric organization, then by capturing and comparing this firm's approach to customer-centricity. Students interview three levels in the... View Details
Keywords: Business Units; Customer Focus and Relationships; Customer Satisfaction; Employees; Knowledge Sharing; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Leadership; Competitive Advantage
Martinez Jerez, F. Asis. "Customer Intelligence Advantage: Module 2 Assignment." Harvard Business School Exercise 111-118, March 2011.