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      • Article

      Matchmaking Promotes Happiness

      By: Lalin Anik and Michael I. Norton
      Four studies document and explore the psychology underlying people's proclivity to connect people to each other—to play "matchmaker." First, Study 1 shows that chronic matchmaking is associated with higher well-being. Studies 2 and 3 show that matching others on the... View Details
      Keywords: Happiness; Relationships
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      Anik, Lalin, and Michael I. Norton. "Matchmaking Promotes Happiness." Social Psychological & Personality Science 5, no. 6 (August 2014): 644–652.
      • 2014
      • Working Paper

      SOX after Ten Years: A Multidisciplinary Review

      By: John C. Coates and Suraj Srinivasan
      We review and assess research findings from 120 papers in accounting, finance, and law to evaluate the impact of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. We describe significant developments in how the Act was implemented and find that despite severe criticism, the Act and institutions... View Details
      Keywords: Laws and Statutes
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      Coates, John C., and Suraj Srinivasan. "SOX after Ten Years: A Multidisciplinary Review." John M. Olin Center for Law, Economics, and Business Discussion Paper, No. 758, May 2014.
      • January 2014
      • Article

      China's 'New Regionalism': Subnational Analysis in Chinese Political Economy

      By: Meg Rithmire
      The study of Chinese political economy has undergone a sea change since the late 1990s; instead of debating the origins and direction of national reform, scholars have turned to examining the origins of local economic variation. This essay reviews recent work in... View Details
      Keywords: China; Political Economy; Economy; Government and Politics; China
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      Rithmire, Meg. "China's 'New Regionalism': Subnational Analysis in Chinese Political Economy." World Politics 66, no. 1 (January 2014).
      • December 2013
      • Article

      How Do Staggered Boards Affect Shareholder Value? Evidence from a Natural Experiment

      By: Alma Cohen and Charles C.Y. Wang
      The well-established negative correlation between staggered boards (SBs) and firm value could be due to SBs leading to lower value or a reflection of low-value firms' greater propensity to maintain SBs. We analyze the causal question using a natural experiment... View Details
      Keywords: Staggered Board; Takeover Defense; Antitakeover Provision; Proxy Fight; Tobin's; Firm Value; Agency Cost; Delaware; Chancery Court; Airgas; Governing and Advisory Boards; Corporate Governance
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      Cohen, Alma, and Charles C.Y. Wang. "How Do Staggered Boards Affect Shareholder Value? Evidence from a Natural Experiment." Journal of Financial Economics 110, no. 3 (December 2013): 627–641.
      • November 2013
      • Article

      Investment Cycles and Startup Innovation

      By: Ramana Nanda and Matthew Rhodes-Kropf
      We find that VC-backed firms receiving their initial investment in hot markets are more likely to go bankrupt, but conditional on going public are valued higher on the day of their IPO, have more patents, and have more citations to their patents. Our results suggest... View Details
      Keywords: Innovation; Market Cycles; Financing Risk; Risk and Uncertainty; Venture Capital; Investment; Innovation and Invention
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      Nanda, Ramana, and Matthew Rhodes-Kropf. "Investment Cycles and Startup Innovation." Journal of Financial Economics 110, no. 2 (November 2013): 403–418.
      • Article

      No Evidence for an Effect of Testosterone Administration on Delay Discounting in Male University Students

      By: Georgia Rada Ortner, Matthias Wibral, Anke Becker, Thomas Dohmen, Dietrich Klingmüller, Armin Falk and Bernd Weber
      Intertemporal choices between a smaller sooner and a larger delayed reward are one of the most important types of decisions humans face in their everyday life. The degree to which individuals discount delayed rewards correlates with impulsiveness. Steep delay... View Details
      Keywords: Delay Discounting; Impulsiveness; Intertemporal Choice; Testosterone; Decision Making; Behavior; Personal Characteristics
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      Rada Ortner, Georgia, Matthias Wibral, Anke Becker, Thomas Dohmen, Dietrich Klingmüller, Armin Falk, and Bernd Weber. "No Evidence for an Effect of Testosterone Administration on Delay Discounting in Male University Students." Psychoneuroendocrinology 38, no. 9 (September 2013): 1814–1818.
      • Article

      Criminal Recidivism after Prison and Electronic Monitoring

      By: Rafael Di Tella and Ernesto Schargrodsky
      We study criminal recidivism in Argentina by focusing on the re-arrest rates of two groups: individuals released from prison and individuals released from electronic monitoring. Detainees are randomly assigned to judges, and ideological differences across judges... View Details
      Keywords: Crime; Prison; Recidivism; Behavior; Situation or Environment; Crime and Corruption; Argentina
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      Di Tella, Rafael, and Ernesto Schargrodsky. "Criminal Recidivism after Prison and Electronic Monitoring." Journal of Political Economy 121, no. 1 (February 2013): 28–73.
      • 2013
      • Article

      Prosocial Spending and Well-Being: Cross-Cultural Evidence for a Psychological Universal

      By: Lara B. Aknin, Christopher P. Barrington-Leigh, Elizabeth W. Dunn, John F. Helliwell, Justine Burns, Robert Biswas-Diener, Imelda Kemeza, Paul Nyende, Claire Ashton-James and Michael I. Norton
      This research provides the first support for a possible psychological universal: Human beings around the world derive emotional benefits from using their financial resources to help others (prosocial spending). In Study 1, survey data from 136 countries were examined... View Details
      Keywords: Prosocial Spending; Psychological Universal; Prosocial Behavior; Well-being; Happiness; Spending; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Canada; Uganda; South Africa; India
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      Aknin, Lara B., Christopher P. Barrington-Leigh, Elizabeth W. Dunn, John F. Helliwell, Justine Burns, Robert Biswas-Diener, Imelda Kemeza, Paul Nyende, Claire Ashton-James, and Michael I. Norton. "Prosocial Spending and Well-Being: Cross-Cultural Evidence for a Psychological Universal." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 104, no. 4 (April 2013): 635–652.
      • November 2012
      • Article

      The Organization of Firms Across Countries

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
      We argue that social capital as proxied by trust increases aggregate productivity by affecting the organization of firms. To do this we collect new data on the decentralization of investment, hiring, production, and sales decisions from Corporate Headquarters to local... View Details
      Keywords: Decentralization; Social Capital; Theory Of The Firm; Firm Objectives, Organization, And Behavior; Business Economics; Management Of Technological Innovation And R&D; Technological Change: Choices And Consequences; Diffusion Processes; Organizational Structure; Performance Productivity; Trust; Technology Adoption; Multinational Firms and Management
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "The Organization of Firms Across Countries." Quarterly Journal of Economics 127, no. 4 (November 2012). (Slides from 2008, Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-005, August 2011.)
      • June 2012
      • Article

      Consequence-Cause Matching: Looking to the Consequences of Events to Infer Their Causes

      By: Robyn A. LeBoeuf and Michael I. Norton
      We show that people non-normatively infer event causes from event consequences. For example, people inferred that a product failure (computer crash) had a large cause (widespread computer virus) if it had a large consequence (job loss), but that the identical failure... View Details
      Keywords: Causal Inference; Product; Forecasting and Prediction; Motivation and Incentives; Failure
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      LeBoeuf, Robyn A., and Michael I. Norton. "Consequence-Cause Matching: Looking to the Consequences of Events to Infer Their Causes." Journal of Consumer Research 39, no. 1 (June 2012): 128–141.
      • 2011
      • Working Paper

      The Organization of Firms Across Countries

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
      We argue that social capital as proxied by trust increases aggregate productivity by affecting the organization of firms. To do this we collect new data on the decentralization of investment, hiring, production, and sales decisions from Corporate Headquarters to local... View Details
      Keywords: Geographic Location; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Multinational Firms and Management; Organizational Structure; Performance Productivity; Trust; Asia; Europe; United States
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "The Organization of Firms Across Countries." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-005, August 2011. (Slides from 2008.)
      • April 2011
      • Article

      Why Leaders Don't Learn from Success

      By: Francesca Gino and Gary P. Pisano
      We argue that for a variety of psychological reasons, it is often much harder for leaders and organizations to learn from success than to learn from failure. Success creates three kinds of traps that often impede deep learning. The first is attribution error or the... View Details
      Keywords: Learning; Innovation and Management; Leadership; Failure; Success; Performance Evaluation; Prejudice and Bias
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      Gino, Francesca, and Gary P. Pisano. "Why Leaders Don't Learn from Success." Harvard Business Review 89, no. 4 (April 2011): 68–74.
      • 2011
      • Article

      Group Size and Incentives to Contribute: A Natural Experiment at Chinese Wikipedia

      By: Michael Zhang and Feng Zhu
      In this paper, we examine the causal relationship between group size and incentives to contribute in the setting of Chinese Wikipedia, the Chinese language version of an online encyclopedia that relies entirely on voluntary contributions. The group at Chinese Wikipedia... View Details
      Keywords: Rights; Motivation and Incentives; Internet and the Web; Valuation; Groups and Teams; Knowledge Sharing; Behavior; Satisfaction; Size; Government and Politics; Economics; Information Technology Industry; Hong Kong; Taiwan; Singapore
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      Zhang, Michael, and Feng Zhu. "Group Size and Incentives to Contribute: A Natural Experiment at Chinese Wikipedia." American Economic Review 101, no. 4 (June 2011): 1601–1615.
      • 2010
      • Working Paper

      Regulating for Legitimacy: Consumer Credit Access in France and America

      By: J. Gunnar Trumbull
      Theories of legitimate regulation have emphasized the role of governments either in fixing market failures to promote greater efficiency or in restricting the efficient functioning of markets in order to pursue public welfare goals. In either case, features of markets... View Details
      Keywords: Borrowing and Debt; Credit; Financial Markets; Personal Finance; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Business History; Business and Government Relations; Welfare; France; United States
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      Trumbull, J. Gunnar. "Regulating for Legitimacy: Consumer Credit Access in France and America." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-047, November 2010.
      • 2010
      • Chapter

      Feeling Good about Giving: The Benefits (and Costs) of Self-interested Charitable Behavior

      By: L. Anik, L. B. Aknin, M. I. Norton and E. W. Dunn
      While lay intuitions and pop psychology suggest that helping others leads to higher levels of happiness, the existing evidence only weakly supports this causal claim: research in psychology, economics, and neuroscience exploring the benefits of charitable giving has... View Details
      Keywords: Advertising; Cost vs Benefits; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Outcome or Result; Relationships; Research; Behavior; Happiness; Motivation and Incentives
      Citation
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      Anik, L., L. B. Aknin, M. I. Norton, and E. W. Dunn. "Feeling Good about Giving: The Benefits (and Costs) of Self-interested Charitable Behavior." In The Science of Giving: Experimental Approaches to the Study of Charity, edited by D. M. Oppenheimer and C. Y. Olivola. Psychology Press, 2010.
      • 2010
      • Working Paper

      Prosocial Spending and Well-Being: Cross-Cultural Evidence for a Psychological Universal

      By: Lara B. Aknin, Christopher P. Barrington-Leigh, Elizabeth W. Dunn, John F. Helliwell, Robert Biswas-Diener, Imelda Kemeza, Paul Nyende, Claire Ashton-James and Michael I. Norton
      This research provides the first support for a possible psychological universal: human beings around the world derive emotional benefits from using their financial resources to help others (prosocial spending). Analyzing survey data from 136 countries, we show that... View Details
      Keywords: Spending; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Happiness; Motivation and Incentives; Welfare; Uganda; Canada
      Citation
      Read Now
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      Aknin, Lara B., Christopher P. Barrington-Leigh, Elizabeth W. Dunn, John F. Helliwell, Robert Biswas-Diener, Imelda Kemeza, Paul Nyende, Claire Ashton-James, and Michael I. Norton. "Prosocial Spending and Well-Being: Cross-Cultural Evidence for a Psychological Universal." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-038, September 2010.
      • June 2010 (Revised October 2010)
      • Course Overview Note

      Building and Sustaining a Successful Enterprise

      By: Willy C. Shih
      This Module Note for Instructors outlines the structure and content of the Building and Sustaining a Successful Enterprise MBA second year elective course at the Harvard Business School. The course focuses on giving students a solid grounding in the construction of... View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Business Growth and Maturation
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      Shih, Willy C. "Building and Sustaining a Successful Enterprise." Harvard Business School Course Overview Note 610-099, June 2010. (Revised October 2010.)​
      • 2010
      • Working Paper

      Men as Cultural Ideals: How Culture Shapes Gender Stereotypes

      By: Amy J.C. Cuddy, Susan Crotty, Jihye Chong and Michael I. Norton
      Three studies demonstrate how culture shapes the contents of gender stereotypes, such that men are perceived as possessing more of whatever traits are culturally valued. In Study 1, Americans rated men as less interdependent than women; Koreans, however, showed the... View Details
      Keywords: Prejudice and Bias; Perception; Values and Beliefs; Gender; Culture; Power and Influence
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      Cuddy, Amy J.C., Susan Crotty, Jihye Chong, and Michael I. Norton. "Men as Cultural Ideals: How Culture Shapes Gender Stereotypes." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 10-097, May 2010.
      • 2014
      • Working Paper

      The Global Agglomeration of Multinational Firms

      By: Laura Alfaro and Maggie Chen
      The explosion of multinational activities in recent decades is rapidly transforming the global landscape of industrial production. But are the emerging clusters of multinational production the rule or the exception? What drives the offshore agglomeration of... View Details
      Keywords: Geographic Location; Multinational Firms and Management; Globalized Markets and Industries; Market Entry and Exit; Industry Clusters
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Maggie Chen. "The Global Agglomeration of Multinational Firms." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 10-043, December 2009. (Revised April 2014. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 15576, December 2009)
      • 2009
      • Working Paper

      Feeling Good about Giving: The Benefits (and Costs) of Self-Interested Charitable Behavior

      By: Lalin Anik, Lara B. Aknin, Michael I. Norton and Elizabeth W. Dunn
      While lay intuitions and pop psychology suggest that helping others leads to higher levels of happiness, the existing evidence only weakly supports this causal claim: Research in psychology, economics, and neuroscience exploring the benefits of charitable giving has... View Details
      Keywords: Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Research; Behavior; Happiness; Motivation and Incentives
      Citation
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      Anik, Lalin, Lara B. Aknin, Michael I. Norton, and Elizabeth W. Dunn. "Feeling Good about Giving: The Benefits (and Costs) of Self-Interested Charitable Behavior." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 10-012, August 2009.
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