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- All HBS Web (1,030)
- Faculty Publications (213)
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- September 2009 (Revised June 2011)
- Supplement
Citigroup's Exchange Offer (B)
By: Robin Greenwood and James Quinn
Citigroup faced considerable distress in early 2009. In late 2008, the bank had accepted $45 billion in preferred equity from the United States government via the Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP). Yet, the stock had continued to slide in early 2009. In late... View Details
Greenwood, Robin, and James Quinn. "Citigroup's Exchange Offer (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 210-004, September 2009. (Revised June 2011.)
- July 2009 (Revised August 2011)
- Case
What Happened at Citigroup? (A)
By: Clayton S. Rose and Aldo Sesia
What went wrong at Citigroup? In 1998, the Travelers Group and Citicorp merged to create Citigroup Inc., considered the first true global "financial supermarket" and a business model to be envied, feared, and emulated. By year-end 2006 the firm had a market... View Details
Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Business Model; Decision Choices and Conditions; Globalized Firms and Management; Leadership; Risk Management; Failure; Financial Services Industry
Rose, Clayton S., and Aldo Sesia. "What Happened at Citigroup? (A)." Harvard Business School Case 310-004, July 2009. (Revised August 2011.)
- September 2009 (Revised June 2011)
- Supplement
Citigroup's Exchange Offer (C)
By: Robin Greenwood and James Quinn
Citigroup faced considerable distress in early 2009. In late 2008, the bank had accepted $45 billion in preferred equity from the United States government via the Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP). Yet, the stock had continued to slide in early 2009. In late... View Details
Greenwood, Robin, and James Quinn. "Citigroup's Exchange Offer (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 210-015, September 2009. (Revised June 2011.)
- 22 Jul 2014
- Working Paper Summaries
Banks as Patient Fixed-Income Investors
- 2018
- Working Paper
OTC Intermediaries
By: Andrea L. Eisfeldt, Bernard Herskovic, Sriram Rajan and Emil Siriwardane
Over-the-counter (OTC) markets for financial assets are dominated by a relatively small number of core intermediaries and a large number of peripheral customers. In this paper, we develop a model of trade in a core-periphery network and estimate its key structural... View Details
Keywords: OTC Markets; Intermediaries; Dealers; Credit Default Swaps; Risk Sharing; Networks; Price; Risk and Uncertainty
Eisfeldt, Andrea L., Bernard Herskovic, Sriram Rajan, and Emil Siriwardane. "OTC Intermediaries." Working Paper, August 2018.
- September 2023 (Revised March 2024)
- Case
ReMo Energy: Sizing Up Investors
By: Jeffrey J. Bussgang and Tom Quinn
In 2023, executives with ReMo Energy (founded 2020) were deciding which size ammonia plant to build as their first project. Their innovative model produced ammonia—useful for making fertilizer and for energy storage—from renewable energy, and they had received funding... View Details
Keywords: Factories, Labs, and Plants; Business Startups; Cost vs Benefits; Design; Energy Conservation; Energy Generation; Renewable Energy; Venture Capital; Investment Return; Goods and Commodities; Size; Infrastructure; Risk and Uncertainty; Science-Based Business; Commercialization; Technological Innovation; Chemical Industry; Energy Industry; Green Technology Industry; United States; Boston
Bussgang, Jeffrey J., and Tom Quinn. "ReMo Energy: Sizing Up Investors." Harvard Business School Case 824-027, September 2023. (Revised March 2024.)
- 15 Feb 2013
- Working Paper Summaries
Expectations of Returns and Expected Returns
- November–December 1994
- Article
A Framework for Risk Management
By: K. Froot, David S. Scharfstein and J. Stein
Keywords: Catastrophe Risk; Cost Of Capital; Banking And Insurance; Hedging; Banking; Decision Choice And Uncertainty; Framework; Risk Management; Corporate Finance; Asset Pricing; Financial Markets; Insurance; Policy; Natural Disasters; Insurance Industry
Froot, K., David S. Scharfstein, and J. Stein. "A Framework for Risk Management." Harvard Business Review 72, no. 6 (November–December 1994): 59–71. (Revised from "Developing a Risk Management Strategy," Harvard Business School Working Paper No. 95-021. Reprinted in Bank of America Journal of Applied Corporate Finance 7, no. 3 (fall 1994): 22-33; Marsh & McLennan Companies' Viewpoint 24 (spring 1995): 21-37; and in Corporate Risk: Strategies and Management, edited by Greg Brown and Don Chew, London: Risk Books, December 1999.)
- January 2002 (Revised October 2007)
- Case
Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co., 2001
By: Joshua Musher and Andre F. Perold
Asset manager GMO underperforms the market during the 1996-2000 stock market bubble because of the focus on absolute risk. After suffering significant client withdrawals, performance again shines when the bubble collapses. Did they win the battle only to lose the war?... View Details
Keywords: Customers; Asset Management; Stocks; Investment; Price Bubble; Mathematical Methods; Risk and Uncertainty
Musher, Joshua, and Andre F. Perold. "Grantham, Mayo, Van Otterloo & Co., 2001." Harvard Business School Case 202-049, January 2002. (Revised October 2007.)
- December 2009 (Revised February 2010)
- Case
The Investment Fund for Foundations (TIFF) in 2009
By: Luis M. Viceira and Brendon Christopher Parry
In late June 2009, management at The Investment Fund for Foundations (TIFF) was considering expanding the footprint of the TIFF Diversified Fund (TDF), the first truly comprehensive endowment management vehicle offered under the TIFF banner. The recent large capital... View Details
Keywords: Financial Crisis; Asset Management; Financial Strategy; Investment Funds; Risk Management; Product Marketing; Financial Services Industry; United States
Viceira, Luis M., and Brendon Christopher Parry. "The Investment Fund for Foundations (TIFF) in 2009." Harvard Business School Case 210-008, December 2009. (Revised February 2010.)
- May 2009
- Article
Synchronicity and Firm Interlocks in an Emerging Market
By: Tarun Khanna and Catherine Thomas
Stock price synchronicity has been attributed to poor corporate governance and a lack of firm-level transparency. This paper investigates the association between different kinds of firm interlocks, control groups, and synchronicity in Chile. A unique data set... View Details
Keywords: Stocks; Price; Corporate Governance; Governance Controls; Governing and Advisory Boards; Resource Allocation; Emerging Markets; Ownership Stake; Chile
Khanna, Tarun, and Catherine Thomas. "Synchronicity and Firm Interlocks in an Emerging Market." Journal of Financial Economics 92, no. 2 (May 2009).
- June 2014 (Revised January 2017)
- Case
Focus Financial Partners and the U.S. RIA Industry in 2014
By: Luis Viceira and Emily A. Chien
In the Spring of 2014, Rudy Adolf, CEO and founder of Focus Financial, and the two other co-founders of the firm are considering alternative growth strategies to solidify Focus Financial's position as a leading aggregator of independent wealth management firms in the... View Details
Keywords: Financial Management; Growth and Development Strategy; Business Model; Financial Services Industry
Viceira, Luis, and Emily A. Chien. "Focus Financial Partners and the U.S. RIA Industry in 2014." Harvard Business School Case 214-103, June 2014. (Revised January 2017.)
- April 2010 (Revised September 2011)
- Case
Supply Chain Partners: Virginia Mason and Owens & Minor (A) (Abridged)
By: V.G. Narayanan and Lisa Brem
Owens & Minor (O&M) performed lean inventory services for Virginia Mason (VM) as its Alpha Vendor, but the outdated industry pricing model created perverse incentives and could not capture O&M's costs. Together, O&M and VM created an activity-based pricing model: Total... View Details
Keywords: Supply Chain Management; Partners and Partnerships; Activity Based Costing and Management; Business Model; Non-Governmental Organizations; Nonprofit Organizations; Motivation and Incentives; Asset Pricing; Cost Accounting; Fair Value Accounting; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
Narayanan, V.G., and Lisa Brem. "Supply Chain Partners: Virginia Mason and Owens & Minor (A) (Abridged)." Harvard Business School Case 110-063, April 2010. (Revised September 2011.)
- 2025
- Working Paper
Tax Planning, Illiquidity, and Credit Risks: Evidence from DeFi Lending
By: Lisa De Simone, Peiyi Jin and Daniel Rabetti
This study establishes a plausible causal link between tax-planning-induced illiquidity and credit risks in lending markets. Exploiting an exogenous tax shock imposed by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) on cryptocurrency gains, along with millions of transactions in... View Details
Keywords: Cryptocurrency; Taxation; Financial Liquidity; Credit; Financing and Loans; Financial Markets
De Simone, Lisa, Peiyi Jin, and Daniel Rabetti. "Tax Planning, Illiquidity, and Credit Risks: Evidence from DeFi Lending." Working Paper, February 2025.
- July 2010 (Revised August 2021)
- Supplement
Vereinigung Hamburger Schiffsmakler und Schiffsagenten e.V. (VHSS): Valuing Ships (CW)
By: Benjamin C. Esty and Albert W. Sheen
After booming for more than five years, the global shipping (maritime) industry experienced a dramatic crash in late 2008 as the global financial system froze and the global economy slid into recession. Ship charter rates (revenue) fell by as much as 90% causing prices... View Details
- 19 Feb 2007
- Research & Ideas
Inexperienced Investors and Market Bubbles
"Past performance is no guarantee of future results." —standard financial disclaimer Neophyte investors—it is believed—play a role in creating asset price bubbles such as the tech collapse a few... View Details
- 09 Jan 2008
- Working Paper Summaries
A Resource Belief-Curse: Oil and Individualism
- November 2006
- Case
Selling Biovail Short
By: Malcolm P. Baker, Chris Lombardi and Aldo Sesia
Hedge fund SAC Capital and analysts from Gradient Analytics and Banc of America face charges of stock price manipulation from Biovail, a Canadian pharmaceutical company. Gradient and BofA produced negative reports on Biovail's earnings quality. At the same time, SAC... View Details
Keywords: Stock Shares; Investment Banking; Asset Pricing; Financial Strategy; Crime and Corruption; Pharmaceutical Industry; Financial Services Industry; Canada
Baker, Malcolm P., Chris Lombardi, and Aldo Sesia. "Selling Biovail Short." Harvard Business School Case 207-071, November 2006.
- June 2010 (Revised August 2021)
- Case
Vereinigung Hamburger Schiffsmakler und Schiffsagenten e.V. (VHSS): Valuing Ships
By: Benjamin C. Esty and Albert Sheen
After booming for more than five years, the global shipping (maritime) industry experienced a dramatic crash in late 2008 as the global financial system froze and the global economy slid into recession. Ship charter rates (revenue) fell by as much as 90% causing prices... View Details
Keywords: Fair Value Accounting; Financial Crisis; Capital Markets; Financial Liquidity; International Finance; Globalized Markets and Industries; Valuation; Banking Industry; Shipping Industry; Germany
Esty, Benjamin C., and Albert Sheen. "Vereinigung Hamburger Schiffsmakler und Schiffsagenten e.V. (VHSS): Valuing Ships." Harvard Business School Case 210-058, June 2010. (Revised August 2021.)
- 15 Jul 2008
- First Look
First Look: July 15, 2008
the technology bubble to examine the hypothesis that inexperienced investors play a role in the formation of asset price bubbles. Using age as a proxy for managers' investment experience, we find that around... View Details
Keywords: Martha Lagace