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- All HBS Web
(620)
- People (1)
- News (92)
- Research (416)
- Events (6)
- Multimedia (1)
- Faculty Publications (224)
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- Article
The Price of Equality: Suboptimal Resource Allocations across Social Categories
By: Stephen M. Garcia, Max Bazerman, Shirli Kopelman, Avishalom Tor and Dale T. Miller
This paper explores the influence of social categories on the perceived trade-off between relatively bad but equal distribution of resources between two parties and profit maximizing, yet asymmetric, payoffs. Studies 1 and 2 show that people prefer to maximize profits... View Details
Keywords: Equality and Inequality; Resource Allocation; Societal Protocols; Profit; Decision Making; Prejudice and Bias; Market Transactions; Ethics; Power and Influence; Distribution; Organizations
Garcia, Stephen M., Max Bazerman, Shirli Kopelman, Avishalom Tor, and Dale T. Miller. "The Price of Equality: Suboptimal Resource Allocations across Social Categories." Special Issue on Behavioral Ethics: A New Empirical Perspective on Business Ethics Research. Business Ethics Quarterly 20, no. 1 (January 2010): 75–88.
- January 2021
- Article
Veil-of-Ignorance Reasoning Mitigates Self-Serving Bias in Resource Allocation During the COVID-19 Crisis
By: Karen Huang, Regan Bernhard, Netta Barak-Corren, Max Bazerman and Joshua D. Greene
The COVID-19 crisis has forced healthcare professionals to make tragic decisions concerning which patients to save. Furthermore, the COVID-19 crisis has foregrounded the influence of self-serving bias in debates on how to allocate scarce resources. A utilitarian... View Details
Keywords: Self-serving Bias; Procedural Justice; Bioethics; COVID-19; Fairness; Health Pandemics; Resource Allocation; Decision Making
Huang, Karen, Regan Bernhard, Netta Barak-Corren, Max Bazerman, and Joshua D. Greene. "Veil-of-Ignorance Reasoning Mitigates Self-Serving Bias in Resource Allocation During the COVID-19 Crisis." Judgment and Decision Making 16, no. 1 (January 2021): 1–19.
- January 1982
- Article
A Negativity Bias in Interpersonal Evaluation
By: T. M. Amabile and A. H. Glazebrook
Two studies were conducted to demonstrate a bias toward negativity in evaluations of persons or their work in particular social circumstances. In Study 1, subjects evaluated materials written by peers. Those working under conditions that placed them in low status... View Details
Keywords: Social Psychology; Status and Position; Prejudice and Bias; Performance Evaluation; Situation or Environment; Perception; Attitudes
Amabile, T. M., and A. H. Glazebrook. "A Negativity Bias in Interpersonal Evaluation." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 18 (January 1982): 1–22.
- Research Summary
Overview
I develop machine learning tools and techniques which enable human decision makers to make better decisions. More specifically, my research addresses the following fundamental questions pertaining to human and algorithmic decision-making:
1. How to build... View Details
1. How to build... View Details
- February 1997
- Background Note
Errors in Social Judgment: Implications for Negotiation and Conflict Resolution, Part 1
For the past quarter-century, the field of social cognition has documented a number of ways in which individuals and groups are prone to make characteristic errors when judging others. This note examines the ways in which these tendencies pose difficulties for... View Details
Robinson, Robert J. "Errors in Social Judgment: Implications for Negotiation and Conflict Resolution, Part 1." Harvard Business School Background Note 897-103, February 1997.
- Forthcoming
- Article
Reflexivity in Credit Markets
By: Robin Greenwood, Samuel G. Hanson and Lawrence J. Jin
Reflexivity is the idea that investors' biased beliefs affect market outcomes and that market outcomes in turn affect investors’ future biases. We develop a dynamic behavioral model of the credit cycle featuring this two-way feedback loop. Investors form beliefs about... View Details
Greenwood, Robin, Samuel G. Hanson, and Lawrence J. Jin. "Reflexivity in Credit Markets." Journal of Finance (forthcoming).
- 2024
- Working Paper
Migration Fear and Minority Crowd-Funding Success: Evidence from Kickstarter
By: John (Jianqui) Bai, William R. Kerr, Chi Wan and Alptug Yorulmaz
We study racial biases on Kickstarter across multiple ethnic groups from 2009-2021. Scaling the concept of racially salient events, we quantify the close co-movement of minority funding gaps to inflamed political rhetoric surrounding migration. The racial funding gap... View Details
Bai, John (Jianqui), William R. Kerr, Chi Wan, and Alptug Yorulmaz. "Everyone Steps Back? The Widespread Retraction of Crowd-Funding Support for Minority Creators When Migration Fear Is High." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-046, January 2023. (Revised February 2024.)
- 2007
- Working Paper
Investor Sentiment in the Stock Market
By: Malcolm Baker and Jeffrey Wurgler
Real investors and markets are too complicated to be neatly summarized by a few selected biases and trading frictions. The "top down" approach to behavioral finance focuses on the measurement of reduced form, aggregate sentiment and traces its effects to stock returns.... View Details
- September 2025
- Article
Using Satellites and Phones to Evaluate and Promote Agricultural Technology Adoption: Evidence from Smallholder Farms in India
By: Shawn Cole, Tomoko Harigaya, Grady Killeen and Aparna Krishna
This paper evaluates a low-cost, customized soil nutrient management advisory service in India. As a methodological contribution, we examine whether and in which settings satellite measurements may be effective at estimating both agricultural yields and treatment... View Details
Keywords: Measurement and Metrics; Mathematical Methods; Analytics and Data Science; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; India
Cole, Shawn, Tomoko Harigaya, Grady Killeen, and Aparna Krishna. "Using Satellites and Phones to Evaluate and Promote Agricultural Technology Adoption: Evidence from Smallholder Farms in India." Journal of Development Economics 176 (September 2025).
- 2005
- Working Paper
Letting Misconduct Slide: The Acceptability of Gradual Erosion in Others' Unethical Behavior
By: Francesca Gino and Max H. Bazerman
Four laboratory studies show that people are more likely to overlook others' unethical behavior when ethical degradation occurs slowly rather than in one abrupt shift. Participants served in the role of watchdogs charged with catching instances of cheating. The... View Details
Gino, Francesca, and Max H. Bazerman. "Letting Misconduct Slide: The Acceptability of Gradual Erosion in Others' Unethical Behavior." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 06-007, August 2005. (Revised September 2006, February 2007, January 2009. Previously titled "Slippery Slopes and Misconduct: The Effect of Gradual Degradation on the Failure to Notice Others' Unethical Behavior.")
- 2025
- Working Paper
Using Satellites and Phones to Evaluate and Promote Agricultural Technology Adoption: Evidence from Smallholder Farms in India
By: Shawn Cole, Grady Killeen, Tomoko Harigaya and Aparna Krishna
This paper evaluates a low-cost, customized soil nutrient management advisory service in India. As a methodological contribution, we examine whether and in which settings satellite measurements may be effective at estimating both agricultural yields and treatment... View Details
Keywords: Performance Evaluation; Technology Adoption; Measurement and Metrics; Analytics and Data Science; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; India
Cole, Shawn, Grady Killeen, Tomoko Harigaya, and Aparna Krishna. "Using Satellites and Phones to Evaluate and Promote Agricultural Technology Adoption: Evidence from Smallholder Farms in India." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-035, January 2025.
- January 2025
- Module Note
Understanding and Addressing Gender Gaps
This module provides a framework for students to analyze how gender stereotypes, through their impact on beliefs about others and beliefs about ourselves, contribute to gender gaps in the workplace. The module proceeds in three parts. First, through a case and an... View Details
Coffman, Katherine. "Understanding and Addressing Gender Gaps." Harvard Business School Module Note 925-021, January 2025.
- March 2021
- Teaching Plan
The Black New Venture Competition
By: Karen G. Mills, Jeffrey J. Bussgang, Martin A. Sinozich and Gabriella Elanbeck
Black entrepreneurs encounter many unique obstacles when raising capital to start and grow a business, some stemming from deep systemic discrimination. During their second year at Harvard Business School (HBS), MBA students Kimberly Foster and Tyler Simpson decided to... View Details
Keywords: Analytics; Startup; Start-up; Startup Financing; Financing; Startups; Start-ups; Business And Community; Business And Society; Business Growth; Discrimination; Women; Women-owned Businesses; African Americans; African-american Entrepreneurs; African-american Investors; African-American Protagonist; African-American Women; Early Stage Funding; Early Stage; Innovation ＆ Entrepreneurship; Innovation Competitions; Entrepreneurial Financing; Business Plan; Business Startups; Diversity; Gender; Race; Entrepreneurship; Venture Capital; Small Business; Leadership; Information Technology; Competition
- May 2022 (Revised June 2024)
- Case
LOOP: Driving Change in Auto Insurance Pricing
By: Elie Ofek and Alicia Dadlani
John Henry and Carey Anne Nadeau, co-founders and co-CEOs of LOOP, an insurtech startup based in Austin, Texas, were on a mission to modernize the archaic $250 billion automobile insurance market. They sought to create equitably priced insurance by eliminating pricing... View Details
Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Technological Innovation; Equality and Inequality; Prejudice and Bias; Growth and Development Strategy; Customer Relationship Management; Price; Insurance Industry; Financial Services Industry
Ofek, Elie, and Alicia Dadlani. "LOOP: Driving Change in Auto Insurance Pricing." Harvard Business School Case 522-073, May 2022. (Revised June 2024.)
- 15 Dec 2010
- Working Paper Summaries
Cognitive Barriers to Environmental Action: Problems and Solutions
Keywords: by Lisa L.Shu & Max H. Bazerman
- 1980
- Working Paper
Taxation and the Ex-dividend Day Behavior of Common Stock Prices
By: Jerry R. Green
The behavior of stock prices around ex-dividend days has been suggested as evidence for tax-induced clientele effects and as a means to estimate the average effective tax rate faced by investors. In this paper these possibilities are examined theoretically and... View Details
Green, Jerry R. "Taxation and the Ex-dividend Day Behavior of Common Stock Prices." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 496, July 1980.
- March 2024
- Case
Unintended Consequences of Algorithmic Personalization
By: Eva Ascarza and Ayelet Israeli
“Unintended Consequences of Algorithmic Personalization” (HBS No. 524-052) investigates algorithmic bias in marketing through four case studies featuring Apple, Uber, Facebook, and Amazon. Each study presents scenarios where these companies faced public criticism for... View Details
Keywords: Race; Gender; Marketing; Diversity; Customer Relationship Management; Prejudice and Bias; Customization and Personalization; Technology Industry; Retail Industry; United States
Ascarza, Eva, and Ayelet Israeli. "Unintended Consequences of Algorithmic Personalization." Harvard Business School Case 524-052, March 2024.
- 24 Oct 2006
- First Look
First Look: October 24, 2006
Working PapersManaging Functional Biases in Organizational Forecasts: A Case Study of Consensus Forecasting in Supply Chain Planning Authors:Rogelio Oliva and Noel Watson Abstract To date, little research has been done on managing the... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
- 2011
- Working Paper
When Smaller Menus Are Better: Variability in Menu-Setting Ability
Are large menus better than small menus? Recent literature argues that individuals' apparent preference for smaller menus can be explained by choosers' behavioral biases or informational limitations. These explanations imply that absent behavioral or informational... View Details
Keywords: Experience and Expertise; Decision Choices and Conditions; Investment; Investment Portfolio; Size; Quality
Goldreich, David, and Hanna Halaburda. "When Smaller Menus Are Better: Variability in Menu-Setting Ability." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-086, February 2011. (Revised April 2011, August 2011, December 2011.)
- 2018
- Chapter
Organizational Remedies for Discrimination
By: R. Ely and A. Feldberg
Laws now exist to protect employees from blatant forms of discrimination in hiring and promotion, but workplace discrimination persists in latent forms. These “second-generation” forms of bias arise in workplace structures, practices, and patterns of interaction that... View Details
Ely, R., and A. Feldberg. "Organizational Remedies for Discrimination." In The Oxford Handbook of Workplace Discrimination, edited by Adrienne J. Colella and Eden B. King, 387–410. New York: Oxford University Press, 2018.