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      • 8 Jul 2013
      • Lecture

      The Impact of Modularity on Intellectual Property and Value Appropriation

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "The Impact of Modularity on Intellectual Property and Value Appropriation." Lecture at the Trento Summer School, Cognitive and Experimental Economics Laboratory (CEEL) and Università degli studi di Trento, Trento, Italy, July 8, 2013.
      • Summer 2013
      • Article

      IP Modularity: Profiting from Innovation by Aligning Product Architecture with Intellectual Property

      By: Joachim Henkel, Carliss Y. Baldwin and Willy C. Shih
      Firms seeking to take advantage of distributed innovation and outsourcing can bridge the tension between value creation and value capture by modifying the modular structure of their technical systems. Specifically, this article introduces the concept of "IP... View Details
      Keywords: Modularity; Value Appropriation; Distributed Innovation; Open Innovation; Innovation Strategy; Intellectual Property; Value
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      Henkel, Joachim, Carliss Y. Baldwin, and Willy C. Shih. "IP Modularity: Profiting from Innovation by Aligning Product Architecture with Intellectual Property." California Management Review 55, no. 4 (Summer 2013): 65–82.
      • June 2013 (Revised June 2014)
      • Case

      Valero Energy Corporation and Tight Oil

      By: Richard H.K. Vietor, Eric Adamson, Aaron Byrd, Ned Chiverton, Mariko Meier and Rob Rain
      Valero Energy, an incredibly successful US refiner, needs to make some decisions about tight oil. As production of light tight oil increases—from Eagle Ford, Bakken and elsewhere—Valero considers whether to add topping capacity to handle it, on top of its recent... View Details
      Keywords: Petroleum; Oil & Gas; Energy; Environment; Refining; Globalization; Tight Oil; Strategy; Natural Environment; Demand and Consumers; Supply and Industry; Policy; Energy Sources; Energy Industry; United States
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      Vietor, Richard H.K., Eric Adamson, Aaron Byrd, Ned Chiverton, Mariko Meier, and Rob Rain. "Valero Energy Corporation and Tight Oil." Harvard Business School Case 713-083, June 2013. (Revised June 2014.)
      • Summer 2013
      • Article

      Nuclear Negotiations With Iran

      By: Paul R. Pillar, Robert Reardon, James K. Sebenius and Michael K. Singh
      Paul Pillar and Robert Reardon challenge the analysis and substantive policy inputs that Sebenius and Singh developed for their article "Is a Nuclear Deal with Iran Possible? An Analytic Framework for the Iran Nuclear Negotiations" (International Security 37, no. 3... View Details
      Keywords: Nuclear Proliferation; Zone Of Possible Agreement; ZOPA; International Relations; Negotiation; Iran; United States
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      Pillar, Paul R., Robert Reardon, James K. Sebenius, and Michael K. Singh. "Nuclear Negotiations With Iran." International Security 38, no. 1 (Summer 2013): 174–192.
      • April 2013
      • Article

      An fMRI Investigation of Racial Paralysis

      By: Michael I. Norton, Malia F. Mason, Joseph A. Vandello, Andrew Biga and Rebecca Dyer
      We explore the existence and underlying neural mechanism of a new norm endorsed by both black and white Americans for managing interracial interactions: "racial paralysis," the tendency to opt out of decisions involving members of different races. We show that people... View Details
      Keywords: Behavior; Race; Judgments; Decision Choices and Conditions; Personal Characteristics; United States
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      Norton, Michael I., Malia F. Mason, Joseph A. Vandello, Andrew Biga, and Rebecca Dyer. "An fMRI Investigation of Racial Paralysis." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 8, no. 4 (April 2013): 387–393.
      • March 2013 (Revised January 2015)
      • Technical Note

      Business and Government: Campaign Contributions and Lobbying in the United States

      By: Karthik Ramanna, Sandra J. Sucher and Ian McKown Cornell
      This note on business-government relations introduces students to the state of campaign contributions and lobbying by corporations in the United States. The note develops two hypotheses as to the impact of corporate political engagement: (i) a vehicle to facilitate... View Details
      Keywords: Political Economy; Business and Government Relations; Government and Politics; Public Administration Industry; United States
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      Ramanna, Karthik, Sandra J. Sucher, and Ian McKown Cornell. "Business and Government: Campaign Contributions and Lobbying in the United States." Harvard Business School Technical Note 113-037, March 2013. (Revised January 2015.)
      • February 2013 (Revised March 2015)
      • Case

      The LEGO Group: Publish or Protect?

      By: Willy C. Shih and Sen Chai
      Senior managers at the LEGO Group are faced with a quandary: Should they patent inventions coming out of their manufacturing process development work, should they keep them as trade secrets, or should they publish them so that they would go into the public domain and... View Details
      Keywords: Plastics; Injection Molding; Toys; LEGO; LEGO Group; Tools; Additive Manufacturing; 3D Manufacturing; Toolmaking; Patenting; Spillovers; Knowledge Spillovers; Change; Trends; Engineering; Machinery and Machining; Intellectual Property; Patents; Operations; Production; Strategy; Corporate Strategy; Technology Adoption; Consumer Products Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Technology Industry; Europe; Denmark
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      Shih, Willy C., and Sen Chai. "The LEGO Group: Publish or Protect?" Harvard Business School Case 613-079, February 2013. (Revised March 2015.)
      • November 2012
      • Case

      Ahold versus Tesco—Analyzing Performance

      By: Suraj Srinivasan and Penelope Rossano
      The case relates to understanding and comparing the performance of two leading retail companies—Ahold and Tesco. The case introduces the tools of Dupont and Modified Dupont Decomposition. While performance as measured by return on equity has been similar for the two... View Details
      Keywords: Performance Evaluation; Retail Industry
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, and Penelope Rossano. "Ahold versus Tesco—Analyzing Performance." Harvard Business School Case 113-040, November 2012.
      • September 2012 (Revised April 2013)
      • Case

      Digital Microscopy at Carl Zeiss: Managing Disruption

      By: Willy Shih
      Ulrich Simon, the head of the Microscopy business group at Carl Zeiss AG knew that his unit was facing a disruptive threat, so he chartered a special team to tackle the industrial segment. Given a high degree of autonomy, the project team developed an understanding of... View Details
      Keywords: Modularity; High Technology Products; Emergent Strategy; Product Lines; Corporate Strategy; Digital Platforms; Disruptive Innovation; Technology Industry; Germany
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      Shih, Willy. "Digital Microscopy at Carl Zeiss: Managing Disruption." Harvard Business School Case 613-039, September 2012. (Revised April 2013.)
      • 2012
      • Working Paper

      Risky Business: The Impact of Property Rights on Investment and Revenue in the Film Industry

      By: Venkat Kuppuswamy and Carliss Y. Baldwin
      Our paper tests a key prediction of property rights theory, specifically, that agents will respond to marginal incentives embedded in property rights when making non-contractible, revenue-enhancing investments (Grossman and Hart, 1986; Hart and Moore, 1990). Using rich... View Details
      Keywords: Property Rights; Property; Rights; Investment; Contracts; Revenue; Motivation and Incentives; Motion Pictures and Video Industry; United States
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      Kuppuswamy, Venkat, and Carliss Y. Baldwin. "Risky Business: The Impact of Property Rights on Investment and Revenue in the Film Industry." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-007, July 2012. (Revised August 2012.)
      • 2012
      • Working Paper

      IP Modularity: Profiting from Innovation by Aligning Product Architecture with Intellectual Property

      By: Joachim Henkel, Carliss Y. Baldwin and Willy C. Shih
      In this paper we explain how firms seeking to take advantage of distributed innovation and outsourcing can bridge the tension between value creation and value capture by modifying the modular structure of their technical systems. Specifically, we introduce the concept... View Details
      Keywords: Modularity; Value Appropriation; Distributed Innovation; Open Innovation; Strategy; Open Source Distribution; Value; Complexity; Intellectual Property
      Citation
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      Henkel, Joachim, Carliss Y. Baldwin, and Willy C. Shih. "IP Modularity: Profiting from Innovation by Aligning Product Architecture with Intellectual Property." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 13-012, August 2012. (Revised November 2012.)
      • July 2012 (Revised April 2013)
      • Case

      Peter Jepsen

      By: Howard H. Stevenson, Michael J. Roberts and James M. Sharpe
      About to break bank covenants, Peter Jepsen has to deal with a contentious prior owner, improve profitability and staff appropriately all while maintaining credibility with his investors, in the furniture hardware company he has owned for less than a year. View Details
      Keywords: Acquisitions; Bankruptcy; Crisis Management; Entrepreneurial Management; Entrepreneurial Finance; Financial Crisis; Turnarounds; Financial Distress; Negotiation; Entrepreneurs; Bank Loan; Search Funds; Liquidation; Boards Of Directors; Ethics; Insolvency and Bankruptcy; Acquisition; Entrepreneurship; Manufacturing Industry; United States
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      Stevenson, Howard H., Michael J. Roberts, and James M. Sharpe. "Peter Jepsen." Harvard Business School Case 813-046, July 2012. (Revised April 2013.)
      • July 2012 (Revised July 2012)
      • Case

      RMS: Investing in Chinese Timberland

      By: Andre F. Perold
      The protagonist is considering acquiring a timber property located in rural China, a region where almost no timberland investment has taken place. The question is how to value the property, including understanding the appropriate risk-adjusted return. View Details
      Keywords: Valuation; Property; Foreign Direct Investment; Real Estate Industry; China
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      Perold, Andre F. "RMS: Investing in Chinese Timberland ." Harvard Business School Case 213-002, July 2012. (Revised July 2012.)
      • 2012
      • Discussion Paper

      Labor Productivity and Quality Change in Singapore: Achievements in 1974-2011 and Prospects for the Next Two Decades

      By: Koji Nomura and Tomomichi Amano
      Labor productivity growth in Singapore that has grown at a rate of over 3.0 percent per year since 1970s considerably slowed down to 0.5 percent on average per annum in the latter half of the 2000s. The purpose of this paper is to ask, first, to what extent Singapore’s... View Details
      Keywords: Labor; Performance Productivity; Quality; Economic Growth; Singapore
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      Nomura, Koji, and Tomomichi Amano. "Labor Productivity and Quality Change in Singapore: Achievements in 1974-2011 and Prospects for the Next Two Decades." Discussion Paper, Keio Economic Observatory, 2012.
      • May 2012
      • Article

      Herbert A. Simon on What Ails Business Schools: More than A Problem in Organizational Design

      By: Rakesh Khurana and J.C. Spender
      We critically examine Herbert Simon's 1967 essay, "The Business School: A Problem in Organizational Design." We consider this essay within the context of Simon's key ideas about organizations, particularly those closely associated with the 'Carnegie perspective' on... View Details
      Keywords: Organizational Design; Perspective; Innovation and Invention; Business Education; Research; Management Practices and Processes; Teaching
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      Khurana, Rakesh, and J.C. Spender. "Herbert A. Simon on What Ails Business Schools: More than A Problem in Organizational Design." Journal of Management Studies 49, no. 3 (May 2012): 619–639.
      • 2012
      • Working Paper

      Componential Theory of Creativity

      By: Teresa M. Amabile
      The componential theory of creativity is a comprehensive model of the social and psychological components necessary for an individual to produce creative work. The theory is grounded in a definition of creativity as the production of ideas or outcomes that are both... View Details
      Keywords: Creativity; Theory; Social Psychology; Organizational Culture
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      Amabile, Teresa M. "Componential Theory of Creativity." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-096, April 2012.
      • April 2012
      • Article

      Local R&D Strategies and Multi-location Firms: The Role of Internal Linkages

      By: Juan Alcacer and Minyuan Zhao
      This study looks at the role of firms' internal linkages in highly competitive technology clusters, where much of the world's R&D takes place. The leading players in these clusters are multilocation firms that organize and integrate knowledge across sites worldwide.... View Details
      Keywords: Multinational Firms and Management; Technological Innovation; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Research and Development; Risk and Uncertainty; Competition; Competitive Advantage; Technology
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      Alcacer, Juan, and Minyuan Zhao. "Local R&D Strategies and Multi-location Firms: The Role of Internal Linkages." Management Science 58, no. 4 (April 2012): 734–753.
      • March 2012
      • Article

      Choosing the United States

      By: Michael E. Porter and Jan W. Rivkin
      The U.S. is not winning its appropriate share of location decisions, even those involving the high-value-adding activities that the country has long been able to attract. In part, this is because U.S. policy makers are not addressing weaknesses in the national business... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; United States
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      Porter, Michael E., and Jan W. Rivkin. "Choosing the United States." Harvard Business Review 90, no. 3 (March 2012): 80–91.
      • January 2012 (Revised March 2014)
      • Module Note

      Managers and Market Capitalism

      By: Rebecca Henderson and Karthik Ramanna
      The last thirty years have seen the widespread embrace of market capitalism as not only a highly efficient form of economic organization but also as one that best meets the diversity of human preferences. In large, complex societies, an increasing body of theoretical... View Details
      Keywords: Economic Systems; Management
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      Henderson, Rebecca, and Karthik Ramanna. "Managers and Market Capitalism." Harvard Business School Module Note 112-043, January 2012. (Revised March 2014.)
      • 2012
      • Working Paper

      The Impact of Modularity on Intellectual Property and Value Appropriation

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Joachim Henkel
      Modularity is a means of partitioning technical knowledge about a product or process. When state-sanctioned intellectual property rights are ineffective or costly to enforce, modularity can be used to hide information and thus protect intellectual property (IP). We... View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; Open Source Distribution; Value; Complexity; Intellectual Property
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y., and Joachim Henkel. "The Impact of Modularity on Intellectual Property and Value Appropriation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-040, December 2011. (Revised November 2012.)
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