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  • All HBS Web  (2,275)
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    • News  (611)
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← Page 65 of 2,275 Results →
  • November 2006 (Revised August 2009)
  • Case

Malaysia: Halfway to 2020

By: Richard H.K. Vietor
This country case on Malaysia extends forward by seven years the case “Malaysia: Capital and Control” (702-040). It is based on Malaysia's ninth plan, which took effect in 2006. The ninth plan proposed five thrusts—moving the economy to higher value-added goods and... View Details
Keywords: Developing Countries and Economies; Growth and Development Strategy; Strategic Planning; Welfare; Equality and Inequality; Malaysia
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Vietor, Richard H.K. "Malaysia: Halfway to 2020." Harvard Business School Case 707-002, November 2006. (Revised August 2009.)
  • August 2018
  • Case

Christine Lagarde (C): Managing the IMF

By: Julie Battilana and Carin-Isabel Knoop
This case covers the career of Christine Lagarde from 2011 to 2018 as she takes the helm of a troubled multilateral organization during a time of deepening economic turmoil. As the first female leader of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and as a non-economist,... View Details
Keywords: Personal Development and Career; Power and Influence; Change Management; Global Range; Gender; Equality and Inequality; Climate Change
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Battilana, Julie, and Carin-Isabel Knoop. "Christine Lagarde (C): Managing the IMF." Harvard Business School Case 419-019, August 2018.
  • September 2017 (Revised March 2019)
  • Supplement

Henry Kissinger: Negotiating Black Majority Rule in Rhodesia (B)

By: James K. Sebenius and Laurence A. Green
In 1976, United States Secretary of State Henry A. Kissinger conducted a series of intricate, multiparty negotiations in Southern Africa to persuade white Rhodesian leader Ian Smith to accede to black majority rule. Conducted near the end of President Gerald Ford’s... View Details
Keywords: Equality and Inequality; Race; Negotiation Process; Negotiation Participants; Negotiation Deal; Government and Politics; Africa; United States
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Sebenius, James K., and Laurence A. Green. "Henry Kissinger: Negotiating Black Majority Rule in Rhodesia (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 918-004, September 2017. (Revised March 2019.)
  • March 2022
  • Teaching Note

Sawiris Foundation: Elevating Education in Egypt

By: Brian Trelstad and Alpana Thapar
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 322-023. Founded in 2001 by the Sawiris family, one of the wealthiest families in Egypt, the Sawiris Foundation for Social Development (SFSD) invested in human capital and provision of basic social services for the most marginalized... View Details
Keywords: Sustainable Development; Human Capital; Equality and Inequality; Education; Business Strategy; Social Enterprise; Social Issues; Partners and Partnerships; Growth and Development Strategy; Education Industry; Egypt
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Trelstad, Brian, and Alpana Thapar. "Sawiris Foundation: Elevating Education in Egypt." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 322-061, March 2022.
  • May 2000
  • Article

Agricultural Cooperatives in Gujarat, India: Agents of Equity or Differentiation?

By: Alnoor Ebrahim
Keywords: Cooperation; Equality and Inequality; India
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Ebrahim, Alnoor. "Agricultural Cooperatives in Gujarat, India: Agents of Equity or Differentiation?" Development in Practice 10, no. 2 (May 2000): 178–188.
  • May 2025 (Revised June 2025)
  • Background Note

Social Enterprise in Latin America

By: Brian L. Trelstad and Karina Souza
This research note provides an overview of the social enterprise ecosystem in Latin America, exploring current dynamics across key markets, including country-specific insights on Brazil, Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Chile, and Central America. In a region characterized... View Details
Keywords: Impact Investing; Developing Countries and Economies; Social Entrepreneurship; Emerging Markets; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Mission and Purpose; Ownership; Social Enterprise; Business Strategy; Equality and Inequality; Microfinance; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Banking Industry; Financial Services Industry; Information Technology Industry; Latin America; Brazil; Mexico; Argentina; Colombia; Chile; Guatemala; Central America; Peru; Uruguay
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Trelstad, Brian L., and Karina Souza. "Social Enterprise in Latin America." Harvard Business School Background Note 325-117, May 2025. (Revised June 2025.)
  • March 2012
  • Article

The Incentive Bubble

By: Mihir Desai
The past three decades have seen American capitalism quietly transformed by a single, powerful idea—that financial markets are a suitable tool for measuring performance and structuring compensation. Stock instruments for managers, high-powered incentive contracts for... View Details
Keywords: Economic Systems; Financial Markets; Executive Compensation; Motivation and Incentives; Corporate Governance; Equality and Inequality; Human Capital; United States
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Desai, Mihir. "The Incentive Bubble." Harvard Business Review 90, no. 3 (March 2012).
  • October 1998 (Revised September 1999)
  • Case

Brazil Confronts an Interdependent World

By: George C. Lodge and Cate Reavis
Discusses the politics of change and how Brazilian President Fernando Henrique Cardoso, elected in 1994, has fought to promote systemic change in Brazil. While his Real Plan has stabilized inflation and attracted foreign investment, the nation's deficit continues to... View Details
Keywords: Development Economics; Government and Politics; Inflation and Deflation; Foreign Direct Investment; Equality and Inequality; Change; Social Issues; Public Administration Industry; Brazil
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Lodge, George C., and Cate Reavis. "Brazil Confronts an Interdependent World." Harvard Business School Case 799-004, October 1998. (Revised September 1999.)
  • 2023
  • Chapter

Market Design Under Weak Institutions

By: Benjamin N. Roth
As market designers begin to address economic inequality, we will necessarily also begin to engage marginalized populations who have so far not been served well by the markets in which they participate. We will need new market designs for participants who may not... View Details
Keywords: Market Design; Equality and Inequality; Trust; Emerging Markets
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Roth, Benjamin N. "Market Design Under Weak Institutions." In More Equal by Design: Economic Design Responses to Inequality, edited by Scott Duke Kominers and Alex Teytelboym. Oxford University Press, forthcoming.
  • 2021
  • Working Paper

Equity Concerns Are Narrowly Framed

By: Christine L Exley and Judd B. Kessler
Distributional decisions regularly involve multiple payoff components. In a series of experiments, we show that subjects frequently exhibit narrow equity concerns: individuals apply their fairness preferences narrowly, on a specific component of payoffs, rather... View Details
Keywords: Equity; Equality and Inequality; Fairness; Perception; Outcome or Result; Resource Allocation; Behavior
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Exley, Christine L., and Judd B. Kessler. "Equity Concerns Are Narrowly Framed." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-040, November 2018. (Revised August 2021.)
  • December 2008 (Revised October 2009)
  • Case

Wal-Mart Stores in 2003 (Abridged Version)

By: Frank V. Cespedes
Examines Wal-Mart's development over three decades and provides financial and descriptive detail of its domestic operations. In 2003, Wal-Mart's Supercenter business has surpassed its domestic business as the largest generator of revenues. Its international operation... View Details
Keywords: Equality and Inequality; Business Growth and Maturation; Competitive Advantage; Labor Unions; Operations; Global Strategy; Problems and Challenges; Gender; Retail Industry; United States
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Cespedes, Frank V. "Wal-Mart Stores in 2003 (Abridged Version)." Harvard Business School Case 709-423, December 2008. (Revised October 2009.)
  • 01 Jun 2011
  • News

America the Unequal

percent of the wealth — and the bottom 40 percent virtually none — could guarantee equal opportunity for all its citizens. My colleagues and I are now exploring whether... View Details
Keywords: income disparity; class mobility
  • February 1990 (Revised March 1990)
  • Case

Quantum Semiconductor, Inc.

By: Janice H. Hammond and Roy D. Shapiro
Quantum is faced with a difficult ethical dilemma--industry studies provide evidence that chemicals used in semiconductor manufacturing may cause women working in fabrication cleanrooms to suffer a higher likelihood of spontaneous abortions. The possibility of other... View Details
Keywords: Safety; Prejudice and Bias; Law; Equality and Inequality; Cost; Production; Ethics; Health; Gender; Semiconductor Industry
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Hammond, Janice H., and Roy D. Shapiro. "Quantum Semiconductor, Inc." Harvard Business School Case 690-059, February 1990. (Revised March 1990.)
  • 2023
  • Working Paper

The Limits of Algorithmic Measures of Race in Studies of Outcome Disparities

By: David S. Scharfstein and Sergey Chernenko
We show that the use of algorithms to predict race has significant limitations in measuring and understanding the sources of racial disparities in finance, economics, and other contexts. First, we derive theoretically the direction and magnitude of measurement bias in... View Details
Keywords: Racial Disparity; Paycheck Protection Program; Measurement Error; AI and Machine Learning; Race; Measurement and Metrics; Equality and Inequality; Prejudice and Bias; Forecasting and Prediction; Outcome or Result
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Scharfstein, David S., and Sergey Chernenko. "The Limits of Algorithmic Measures of Race in Studies of Outcome Disparities." Working Paper, April 2023.
  • January 2022
  • Case

VidyaGyan: Bridging the Rural Urban Divide

By: Prithwiraj Choudhury, Rachna Chawla, Kairavi Dey and Anjali Raina
Set up in 2008, VidyaGyan was a residential school for children in grades 6-12 from low-income rural families in Uttar Pradesh in northern India. It was the brainchild of Shiv Nadar and Cabinet Secretary T.S.R. Subramanian, who recognized the enormous potential hidden... View Details
Keywords: Non-profit; Education; Social Enterprise; Non-Governmental Organizations; Nonprofit Organizations; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Wealth and Poverty; Demographics; Equality and Inequality; Performance Evaluation; Opportunities; Education Industry; South Asia; India
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Choudhury, Prithwiraj, Rachna Chawla, Kairavi Dey, and Anjali Raina. "VidyaGyan: Bridging the Rural Urban Divide." Harvard Business School Case 622-077, January 2022.
  • 14 Mar 2023
  • Blog Post

How Inclusive Managers Create Glass-Shattering Organizations

attempting to raise awareness about gender inequality for early- and mid-career professionals as well as women at the senior executive level. Although significant progress has been made over the past 50... View Details
  • 13 Aug 2021
  • Blog Post

Exploring Racial Justice with the Scaling Minority Businesses Course

field course offering taught by Professors Archie Jones, Henry McGee, and Jeff Bussgang and developed during the summer of 2020 in partnership with fellow classmates Allie O’Shea, Mickias Hailu, View Details
  • January 2001 (Revised May 2001)
  • Background Note

State, The

By: Rawi E. Abdelal
Surveys approaches to understanding the state; highlights the relationships between the state, order, and property; and offers an analytical framework for how states vary from place to place and over time. View Details
Keywords: Business and Government Relations; Governance Compliance; Framework; Economic Sectors; Policy; Private Ownership; Public Ownership; Entrepreneurship; Development Economics; Equality and Inequality
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Abdelal, Rawi E. "State, The." Harvard Business School Background Note 701-077, January 2001. (Revised May 2001.)
  • 2023
  • White Paper

Unlocking Economic Prosperity: Career Navigation in a Time of Rapid Change

By: Joseph B. Fuller, Kerry McKittrick, Sherry Seibel, Cole Wilson, Vasundhara Dash and Ali Epstein
Keywords: Wages; Personal Development and Career; Equality and Inequality
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Fuller, Joseph B., Kerry McKittrick, Sherry Seibel, Cole Wilson, Vasundhara Dash, and Ali Epstein. "Unlocking Economic Prosperity: Career Navigation in a Time of Rapid Change." White Paper, Project on Workforce at Harvard, November 2023.
  • March–April 2021
  • Article

Network-biased Technical Change: How Information Management Tools Overcome Some Biases but Exacerbate Others.

By: Gerald C. Kane and Lynn Wu
Organizations have long sought to improve employee performance by managing knowledge more effectively. In this paper, we test whether the adoption of digital tools for expertise search and access within an organization, often referred to as a support to an... View Details
Keywords: Digital Tools; Social Media; Social Networks; Transactive Memory Systems; Augmented Intelligence; Artificial Intelligence; Social and Collaborative Networks; Gender; Equality and Inequality; Technology Adoption; Knowledge Management; Performance Improvement; Power and Influence; Organizational Change and Adaptation
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Kane, Gerald C., and Lynn Wu. "Network-biased Technical Change: How Information Management Tools Overcome Some Biases but Exacerbate Others." Organization Science 32, no. 2 (March–April 2021): 273–292.
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