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      • Article

      CEO Incentives and Firm Size

      By: George P. Baker and Brian J. Hall
      Keywords: Management; Motivation and Incentives; Size; Business Ventures
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      Baker, George P., and Brian J. Hall. "CEO Incentives and Firm Size." Journal of Labor Economics 22, no. 4 (October 2004).
      • September 20, 2004
      • Comment

      How Consumers Value Global Brands

      By: Douglas Holt, John A. Quelch and Earl L. Taylor
      In 2002, we carried out a two-stage research project in partnership with the market research company Research International/USA to find out how consumers in different countries value global brands. First, we conducted a qualitative study in forty-one countries to... View Details
      Keywords: Global Brands; Brand Value; Multi-national Brands; Social Responsibility; Global Range; Multinational Firms and Management; Globalized Markets and Industries; Brands and Branding; Social Marketing; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact
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      Holt, Douglas, John A. Quelch, and Earl L. Taylor. "How Consumers Value Global Brands." Harvard Business School Working Knowledge (September 20, 2004).
      • September 2004
      • Article

      Trust in Agency

      By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell
      Existing models of the principal-agent relationship assume the agent works only under extrinsic incentives. However, many observed agency contracts take the form of a fixed payment. For such contracts to succeed, the principal must trust the agent to work in the... View Details
      Keywords: Trust; Agency Theory; Relationships; Behavior; Motivation and Incentives; Contracts; Business Model; Emotions; Forecasting and Prediction; Ethics; Standards; Risk and Uncertainty
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      Casadesus-Masanell, Ramon. "Trust in Agency." Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 13, no. 3 (September 2004): 375–404.
      • 2004
      • Working Paper

      Large Blocks of Stock: Prevalence, Size, and Measurement

      By: Jennifer Dlugosz, Rudiger Fahlenbrach, Paul Gompers and Andrew Metrick
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      Dlugosz, Jennifer, Rudiger Fahlenbrach, Paul Gompers, and Andrew Metrick. "Large Blocks of Stock: Prevalence, Size, and Measurement." NBER Working Paper Series, No. w10671, August 2004.
      • July 2004 (Revised March 2006)
      • Case

      RosettaNet and ebXML: Betting on the Right eBusiness Standard

      By: F. Warren McFarlan and Veronika Belokhvostova
      A major enterprise software company must select which technologies to support, based on their long-term and short-term viability and benefits. The protagonist is involved in the release of the B2B integration component of major enterprise software whose purpose is to... View Details
      Keywords: Communication Technology; Customer Focus and Relationships; Markets; Standards; Science-Based Business; Situation or Environment; Applications and Software; Technology Adoption; Information Technology Industry
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      McFarlan, F. Warren, and Veronika Belokhvostova. "RosettaNet and ebXML: Betting on the Right eBusiness Standard." Harvard Business School Case 305-006, July 2004. (Revised March 2006.)
      • July 2004 (Revised December 2004)
      • Case

      Timberland: Commerce and Justice

      By: James E. Austin, Herman B. Leonard and James Quinn
      When Jeffrey Swartz became the third generation in his family to lead the Timberland Co., he pursued a strategy in which commerce and justice were "inextricably linked." Community involvement, environmental management, and global labor standards became not addenda to... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; For-Profit Firms; Innovation and Invention; Leadership Development; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Programs; Opportunities; Alignment; Business Strategy; Value
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      Austin, James E., Herman B. Leonard, and James Quinn. "Timberland: Commerce and Justice." Harvard Business School Case 305-002, July 2004. (Revised December 2004.)
      • Article

      Designing Sustainability at BMW Group: The Designworks/USA Experience

      By: Kellie McElhaney, Michael W. Toffel and Natalie Hill
      This case study describes how an industrial design company developed a sustainability management system (SMS) standard, designed and implemented an SMS throughout its business, and then became the first company in the world to achieve third-party SMS certification by a... View Details
      Keywords: Design; Governance Compliance; Management Practices and Processes; Standards; Environmental Sustainability; Auto Industry; United States
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      McElhaney, Kellie, Michael W. Toffel, and Natalie Hill. "Designing Sustainability at BMW Group: The Designworks/USA Experience." Greener Management International: The Journal of Corporate Environmental Strategy and Practice 46 (Summer 2004): 103–116.
      • July/August 2004
      • Article

      Stakeholders and Environmental Management Practices: An Institutional Framework

      By: Magali Delmas and Michael W. Toffel
      Despite burgeoning research on companies' environmental strategies and environmental management practices, it remains unclear why some firms adopt environmental management practices beyond regulatory compliance. This paper leverages institutional theory by proposing... View Details
      Keywords: Strategy; Management Practices and Processes; Environmental Management; Adoption; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Organizational Structure; Factories, Labs, and Plants; Competition; Framework; Governance Compliance; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms
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      Delmas, Magali, and Michael W. Toffel. "Stakeholders and Environmental Management Practices: An Institutional Framework." Business Strategy and the Environment 13, no. 4 (July/August 2004): 209–222.
      • June 2004
      • Article

      A Catering Theory of Dividends

      By: Malcolm Baker and Jeffrey Wurgler
      We propose that the decision to pay dividends is driven by prevailing investor demand for dividend payers. Managers cater to investors by paying dividends when investors put a stock price premium on payers, and by not paying when investors prefer nonpayers. To test... View Details
      Keywords: Dividends; Catering; Financial Instruments; Investment Return; Business and Shareholder Relations
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      Baker, Malcolm, and Jeffrey Wurgler. "A Catering Theory of Dividends." Journal of Finance 59, no. 3 (June 2004): 1125–1165.
      • June 2004
      • Article

      Market Liquidity as a Sentiment Indicator

      By: Malcolm Baker and Jeremy Stein
      We build a model that helps to explain why increases in liquidity-such as lower bid-ask spreads, a lower price impact of trade, or higher turnover-predict lower subsequent returns in both firm-level and aggregate data. The model features a class of irrational... View Details
      Keywords: Markets; Financial Liquidity; Price; Trade; Sales; Equity; Information; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Accounting Industry
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      Baker, Malcolm, and Jeremy Stein. "Market Liquidity as a Sentiment Indicator." Journal of Financial Markets 7, no. 3 (June 2004): 271–299.
      • May 2004 (Revised July 2004)
      • Case

      Clarence Saunders: The Comeback King

      By: Nitin Nohria and Bridget Gurtler
      Follows the rise and fall of the founder of the modern supermarket, Clarence Saunders. Prior to 1915, all staple shopping took place in the market or general store, where a clerk behind a counter pulled items from shelves for customers , measured them from a barrel, or... View Details
      Keywords: Inflation and Deflation; Mission and Purpose; Business Processes; Leadership; Consumer Behavior; Leadership Style; Advertising; Customer Relationship Management; Customer Value and Value Chain; Order Taking and Fulfillment
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      Nohria, Nitin, and Bridget Gurtler. "Clarence Saunders: The Comeback King." Harvard Business School Case 404-070, May 2004. (Revised July 2004.)
      • May 2004
      • Background Note

      56K Modem Battle

      By: David B. Yoffie and Deborah Freier
      Examines the battle to set the standard for the 56K modem. Set in 1996, this case looks at how computers accessed the Internet via a telephone line, or dial-up connection, and a hardware modem. In 1995, there were 18.6 million total modem unit shipments, with market... View Details
      Keywords: Announcements; Revenue; Patents; Product Launch; Network Effects; Standards; Competition; Information Infrastructure; Internet and the Web; Technology Industry; Illinois
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      Yoffie, David B., and Deborah Freier. "56K Modem Battle." Harvard Business School Background Note 704-501, May 2004.
      • May 2004 (Revised March 2005)
      • Case

      Instant Messaging

      By: David B. Yoffie and Deborah Freier
      Explores the usage and technology of instant messaging (IM). IM enables two or more users to communicate almost instantaneously over the Internet with short, private text messages. Most IM service providers chose to remain proprietary and, therefore, a user of most IM... View Details
      Keywords: Network Effects; Standards; Communication Technology; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Internet and the Web; Web Services Industry
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      Yoffie, David B., and Deborah Freier. "Instant Messaging." Harvard Business School Case 704-502, May 2004. (Revised March 2005.)
      • May 2004
      • Article

      Disclosure Practices of Foreign Companies Interacting with U.S. Markets

      By: Tarun Khanna, Krishna G. Palepu and Suraj Srinivasan
      We analyze the disclosure practices of companies as a function of their interaction with the U.S. markets for a group of 794 firms from 24 countries in Asia-Pacific and Europe. Our analysis uses the Transparency and Disclosure scores developed recently by Standard &... View Details
      Keywords: Management Practices and Processes; Markets; Investment; Size; Performance; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Corporate Governance; Corporate Disclosure; Trade; United States; Asia; Europe
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      Khanna, Tarun, Krishna G. Palepu, and Suraj Srinivasan. "Disclosure Practices of Foreign Companies Interacting with U.S. Markets." Journal of Accounting Research 42, no. 2 (May 2004).
      • April 2004
      • Tutorial

      Yield Curves and Bond Ratings Tutorial

      By: William E. Fruhan Jr.
      To preview this online product, Authorized Faculty can call our customer service department at 1-800-545-7685 or 617-783-7600. This online tutorial explains what drives the shape of the yield curve for traded debt securities. Also describes the metrics used by rating... View Details
      Keywords: Bonds; Investment Return; Financial Services Industry
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      "Yield Curves and Bond Ratings Tutorial." Harvard Business School Tutorial 204-712, April 2004.
      • March 2004
      • Article

      How Do You Stop the Books From Being Cooked? A Management Control Perspective on Financial Accounting Standard Setting and the Section 404 Requirement of the Sarbanes/Oxley Act

      By: S. Datar and M. G. Alles
      Keywords: Governance Controls; Accounting; Standards
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      Datar, S., and M. G. Alles. "How Do You Stop the Books From Being Cooked? A Management Control Perspective on Financial Accounting Standard Setting and the Section 404 Requirement of the Sarbanes/Oxley Act." International Journal of Disclosure and Governance 1, no. 2 (March 2004): 119–137.
      • February 2004 (Revised March 2006)
      • Case

      Pratt & Whitney: Engineering Standard Work

      By: H. Kent Bowen and Courtney Purrington
      As the engineering of state-of-the-art jet engines becomes more and more complex, Pratt & Whitney leaders face major competitive problems. Product development projects are not meeting the cost, quality, and lead-time targets. The leadership develops a design,... View Details
      Keywords: Design; Engineering; Cost; Knowledge Management; Time Management; Product Launch; Standards; Product Development; Problems and Challenges; Quality; Creativity; Competitive Strategy; Manufacturing Industry
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      Bowen, H. Kent, and Courtney Purrington. "Pratt & Whitney: Engineering Standard Work." Harvard Business School Case 604-084, February 2004. (Revised March 2006.)
      • February 2004 (Revised March 2010)
      • Case

      Brazil 2003: Inflation Targeting and Debt Dynamics

      By: Laura Alfaro, Rafael M. Di Tella and Ingrid Vogel
      In October 2002, Brazilians elected a left-wing president, Luis Inacio Lula da Silva, for the first time in that country's history. As markets faltered in response, Lula sought to reaffirm his commitment to fiscal discipline, a floating exchange rate, and inflation... View Details
      Keywords: Economy; Inflation and Deflation; Money; Borrowing and Debt; Policy; Emerging Markets; Brazil
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      Alfaro, Laura, Rafael M. Di Tella, and Ingrid Vogel. "Brazil 2003: Inflation Targeting and Debt Dynamics." Harvard Business School Case 704-028, February 2004. (Revised March 2010.)
      • February 2004
      • Article

      Measuring the Strategic Readiness of Intangible Assets

      By: Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton
      Keywords: Measurement and Metrics; Strategy; Assets
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      Kaplan, Robert S., and David P. Norton. "Measuring the Strategic Readiness of Intangible Assets." Harvard Business Review 82, no. 2 (February 2004).
      • 2004
      • Working Paper

      Judging Fund Managers by the Company They Keep

      By: Randolph Cohen, Joshua Coval and Luboš Pástor
      We develop a performance evaluation approach in which a fund manager's skill is judged by the extent to which his investment decisions resemble the decisions of managers with distinguished performance records. The proposed performance measures are estimated more... View Details
      Keywords: Measurement and Metrics; Performance Evaluation; Investment Funds; Investment
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      Cohen, Randolph, Joshua Coval, and Lubo Pástor. "Judging Fund Managers by the Company They Keep." NBER Working Paper Series, No. W9359, January 2004.
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