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  • All HBS Web  (5,766)
    • People  (6)
    • News  (1,869)
    • Research  (3,211)
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  • November 1995 (Revised January 1998)
  • Case

Transformation of Pratt & Whitney North Haven (A)

By: H. Kent Bowen, Linda A. Hill, Andrew P. Burtis, Sylvie Ryckebusch and John Schiavone
Pratt & Whitney is a leader in the development and manufacturing of gas turbine engines for commercial and military aircraft. Economic conditions for the airline and defense industries are forcing the airplane engine builders to restructure. Ed Northern, a new general... View Details
Keywords: Transformation; Restructuring; Production; Opportunities; Economy; Aerospace Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Connecticut
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Bowen, H. Kent, Linda A. Hill, Andrew P. Burtis, Sylvie Ryckebusch, and John Schiavone. "Transformation of Pratt & Whitney North Haven (A)." Harvard Business School Case 696-066, November 1995. (Revised January 1998.)
  • February 2016
  • Article

Positive and Normative Judgments Implicit in U.S. Tax Policy, and the Costs of Unequal Growth and Recessions

By: Benjamin B. Lockwood and Matthew Weinzierl
Calculating the welfare implications of changes to economic policy or shocks to the economy requires economists to decide on a normative criterion. One way to make that decision is to elicit the relevant moral criteria from real-world policy choices, converting a... View Details
Keywords: Judgments; Taxation
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Lockwood, Benjamin B., and Matthew Weinzierl. "Positive and Normative Judgments Implicit in U.S. Tax Policy, and the Costs of Unequal Growth and Recessions." Journal of Monetary Economics 77 (February 2016): 30–47. (Also Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-119, June 2014.)
  • 25 Jan 2012
  • Working Paper Summaries

Who Lives in the C-Suite? Organizational Structure and the Division of Labor in Top Management

Keywords: by Maria Guadalupe, Hongyi Li & Julie Wulf
  • 01 Mar 2014
  • News

Faculty Q&A: The Future of Foreign Aid

Eric Werker You spent much of 2009 to 2011 in Liberia advising President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf while on leave from HBS. What did you learn from that experience? Good ideas and great strategies are cheap and easy; what's expensive and... View Details
Keywords: foreign aid; Government
  • September 2011
  • Article

Political Instability: Effects on Financial Development, Roots in the Severity of Economic Inequality

By: Mark J. Roe and Jordan I. Siegel
We here bring forward strong evidence that political instability impedes financial development, with its variation a primary determinant of differences in financial development around the world. As such, it needs to be added to the short list of major determinants of... View Details
Keywords: Financial Development; Political Instability; Government and Politics; Finance; Growth and Development; Economics; Equality and Inequality
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Roe, Mark J., and Jordan I. Siegel. "Political Instability: Effects on Financial Development, Roots in the Severity of Economic Inequality." Journal of Comparative Economics 39, no. 3 (September 2011): 279–309. (We here bring forward strong evidence that political instability impedes financial development, with its variation a primary determinant of differences in financial development around the world. As such, it needs to be added to the short list of major determinants of financial development. First, structural conditions first postulated by Engerman and Sokoloff (2002) as generating long-term inequality are shown here empirically to be exogenous determinants of political instability. Second, that exogenously-determined political instability in turn holds back financial development, even when we control for factors prominent in the last decade's cross-country studies of financial development. The findings indicate that inequality-perpetuating conditions that result in political instability are fundamental roadblocks for international organizations like the World Bank that seek to promote financial development. The evidence here includes country fixed effect regressions and an instrumental model inspired by Engerman and Sokoloff's (2002) work, which to our knowledge has not yet been used in finance and which is consistent with current tests as valid instruments. Four conventional measures of national political instability — Alesina and Perotti's (1996) well-known index of instability, a subsequent index derived from Banks' (2005) work, and two indices of managerial perceptions of nation-by-nation political instability — persistently predict a wide range of national financial development outcomes for recent decades. Political instability's significance is time consistent in cross-sectional regressions back to the 1960's, the period when the key data becomes available, robust in both country fixed-effects and instrumental variable regressions, and consistent across multiple measures of instability and of financial development. Overall, the results indicate the existence of an important channel running from structural inequality to political instability, principally in nondemocratic settings, and then to financial backwardness. The robust significance of that channel extends existing work demonstrating the importance of political economy explanations for financial development and financial backwardness. It should help to better understand which policies will work for financial development, because political instability has causes, cures, and effects quite distinct from those of many of the key institutions most studied in the past decade as explaining financial backwardness.)
  • 1995
  • Chapter

Global Competition and the Localization of Competitive Advantage

By: M. E. Porter and Rebecca E. Wayland
Keywords: Competitive Advantage; Globalization; Local Range
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Porter, M. E., and Rebecca E. Wayland. "Global Competition and the Localization of Competitive Advantage." In Proceedings of the Integral Strategy Collegium, edited by Hans Birger Thorelli. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, 1995.
  • Web

Credential of Leadership, Impact, and Management in Business | HBS Online

Leader as Beacon: Understanding and Setting Direction Leader as Beacon: Communicating Direction Leader as Architect: Designing to Deliver Value Project Week Leader as Catalyst of Change Leader as Catalyst of... View Details
  • 31 Mar 2023
  • Research & Ideas

Can a ‘Basic Bundle’ of Health Insurance Cure Coverage Gaps and Spur Innovation?

additional medical services like dental or long-term care, and patient cost sharing. How much health care is a right? Establishing a basic plan would require policymakers to wrestle with complex questions about access and cost. Defining the View Details
Keywords: by Kasandra Brabaw; Insurance; Health
  • 2016
  • Report

The New Role of Business in Global Education

By: Mark R. Kramer, Greg Hills, Kate Tallant, Matt Wilka and Anjali Bhatt
Shared value defines a new role for business in helping to overcome the global education and unemployment crisis. By aligning profit with purpose, companies can become essential partners for schools, nonprofits, and governments while simultaneously discovering new ways... View Details
Keywords: Shared Value; Education; Employment; Global Range; Business Ventures
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Kramer, Mark R., Greg Hills, Kate Tallant, Matt Wilka, and Anjali Bhatt. "The New Role of Business in Global Education." Report, FSG, 2016.
  • 02 Apr 2015
  • Research & Ideas

Digital Initiative Summit: The Business of Crowdsourcing

is quite a bit in scoping out the right question with them so the community can be of value to them," Lipstein said. "If it's a simple question, there's no reason to crowdsource." DeJulio agreed that framing... View Details
Keywords: by Dina Gerdeman
  • 16 Dec 2014
  • News

H-1B work visa full of uncertainties for immigrants

  • February 2022
  • Article

How Global Leaders Gain Power Through Downward Deference and Reduction of Social Distance

By: Tsedal Neeley and Sebastian Reiche
We theorize about how people with positional power enact downward deference—a practice of lowering oneself to be equal to that of lower power workers—based on a study of 115 top global leaders at a large U.S. company. These leaders were charged with advancing... View Details
Keywords: Leadership; Leadership Style; Global Range; Relationships; Rank and Position; Power and Influence; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues
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Neeley, Tsedal, and Sebastian Reiche. "How Global Leaders Gain Power Through Downward Deference and Reduction of Social Distance." Academy of Management Journal 65, no. 1 (February 2022): 11–34.
  • 12 Jan 2004
  • What Do You Think?

How Should We Think About the Exportation of Jobs?

responses did not correlate well with country of origin. One interesting example concerned fears about the two-tiered economy created by job exportation. Before concluding, "These trends cannot be... View Details
Keywords: by James Heskett
  • 26 Jun 2017
  • News

Finding Faith in Democracy at Moments of National Conflict

  • December 1974 (Revised December 1983)
  • Case

France (B): Formulation of the Fourth National Plan

By: Bruce R. Scott and Audrey T. Sproat
Keywords: Economy; Planning; France
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Scott, Bruce R., and Audrey T. Sproat. "France (B): Formulation of the Fourth National Plan." Harvard Business School Case 375-179, December 1974. (Revised December 1983.)
  • 13 Jan 2014
  • News

How Government Can Restore the Faith of Citizens

  • 03 Dec 2024
  • News

The Quiet Rise of Lightly Regulated Home Insurance

  • 2010
  • Other Unpublished Work

Is High School the Right Time to Teach Self-control? The Effect of Financial Education and Mathematics Courses on Savings Behavior

By: Shawn A. Cole and Gauri Kartini Shastry
Household financial behavior affects household welfare and the economy at large. Yet our understanding of how to improve financial decisions is limited. Recent literature and policy attention have focused on financial education, for example, in high school. We use... View Details
Keywords: Saving; Financial Management; Secondary Education; Behavior; Decision Choices and Conditions; Personal Finance; Household
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Cole, Shawn A., and Gauri Kartini Shastry. "Is High School the Right Time to Teach Self-control? The Effect of Financial Education and Mathematics Courses on Savings Behavior." June 2010.
  • 12 Jul 2019
  • News

The Birth of a Silicon Valley Blockbuster

away from what has made the Internet so amazing for the economy in the world. Prince: For us, whenever we go to roll out a new function we’ll often reach out to our free customers and say hey we’re thinking View Details
  • 15 Jul 2019
  • Book

Many Executives Are Afraid of Finance. Here's How They Can Gain Confidence

Finance can be intimidating, and many business executives don’t even try to get their arms around it. But Harvard Business School Professor Mihir Desai says business leaders need to engage with the world of finance in order to succeed.... View Details
Keywords: by Dina Gerdeman
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