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  • February 2025 (Revised April 2025)
  • Case

Shake Shack's Playbook for the Digital Era

By: Christopher Stanton, Allison Ciechanover and George Gonzalez
This case examines Shake Shack’s journey from a single New York City hot dog cart to a global fast-casual restaurant chain renowned for both premium quality and a culture of “enlightened hospitality.” As the company expands worldwide, it pilots digital ordering... View Details
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  • April 1992 (Revised July 1992)
  • Case

U.S. Robotics, Inc.

U.S. Robotics (USR) is a fast-growing $80 million computer communications company with the aggressive growth target of becoming a $500 million company by 1995. It is widely accepted as the technology leader in its market, and relies strongly on its ability to bring... View Details
Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Expansion; Product Development; Growth and Development Strategy; Computer Industry; Communications Industry; United States
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  • September 2017
  • Teaching Note

The Productivity Decline: Demographics, Robots, or Globalization?

By: Laura Alfaro and Hayley Pallan
In the early 21st century, there was a noticeable trend of declining productivity growth. Despite the persistent decline in productivity growth, a consensus on its explanation had not been reached. Some of the debate focused on the technicalities of productivity... View Details
Keywords: Performance Productivity; Measurement and Metrics; Technological Innovation; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; Globalization; Business and Government Relations
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  • June 2016 (Revised May 2017)
  • Case

FANUC Corporation: Reassessing the Firm's Governance and Financial Policies

By: Benjamin C. Esty, Nobuo Sato and Akiko Kanno
In February 2015, Daniel Loeb (a U.S.–based activist investor) announced his firm had a large investment in FANUC Corporation, a leading producer of industrial robots and software for machine tools. Loeb was demanding that the Japanese firm change its financial and... View Details
Keywords: Hedge Funds; Economic Policy; Investments; Government Policy; Deregulation; Financial Management; Valuation; Investment Funds; Policy; Corporate Governance; Macroeconomics; Investment Activism; Change Management; Financial Strategy; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Japan; United States
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  • 09 Mar 2023
  • HBS Seminar

Gerard Cachon, Wharton

  • Article

Detecting Adversarial Attacks via Subset Scanning of Autoencoder Activations and Reconstruction Error

By: Celia Cintas, Skyler Speakman, Victor Akinwande, William Ogallo, Komminist Weldemariam, Srihari Sridharan and Edward McFowland III
Reliably detecting attacks in a given set of inputs is of high practical relevance because of the vulnerability of neural networks to adversarial examples. These altered inputs create a security risk in applications with real-world consequences, such as self-driving... View Details
Keywords: Autoencoder Networks; Pattern Detection; Subset Scanning; Computer Vision; Statistical Methods And Machine Learning; Machine Learning; Deep Learning; Data Mining; Big Data; Large-scale Systems; Mathematical Methods; Analytics and Data Science
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  • May 2016 (Revised March 2020)
  • Teaching Note

Cyberdyne: A Leap to the Future

By: Doug J. Chung and Mayuka Yamazaki
Cyberdyne Inc. was a Japanese technology venture founded in 2004 by scientist Yoshiyuki Sankai to commercialize a hybrid assistive limb (HAL). HAL was a robotic exoskeleton system for people who had difficulty walking due to nervous system disabilities resulting from... View Details
Keywords: Health Disorders; Technological Innovation; Marketing Strategy; Decisions; Product Launch; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
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  • March 2022 (Revised April 2023)
  • Case

Pittsburgh: A Successful City?

By: Karen Mills, Caroline Elkins, Vikram Gandhi, Gabriella Elanbeck and Zeke Gillman
Pittsburgh, PA, was once the crown jewel of American heavy industry. During the 19th and 20th centuries, the city was an undisputed leader in steel production, boasting some of the largest companies and wealthiest individuals in the world. Its abundance of... View Details
Keywords: Economic And Social Disparities; Economic Development; Local Economic Development; Contextual Intelligence; Contextual Knowledge; Context; City Growth; City Innovation; City Leadership; Pittsburgh; Local Government; Local Stakeholders; Business And Community; Business And Community Relations; Community Engagement; Community Relations; Cross-sector Collaboration; Innovation; Innovation Economy; Innovation Clusters; Innovation Ecosystems; Shared Prosperity; Equality Of Opportunity; Equity; Inclusion; Business And Government; Business ＆ Government Relations; Business And Government Relations; Business And Society; Neighborhoods; Race And Ethnicity; Innovation ＆ Entrepreneurship; Diversity; Ethnicity; Race; Household; Income; Economic Growth; Economic Sectors; Economics; Local Range; Urban Development; Urban Scope; City; Cross-Cultural and Cross-Border Issues; Government and Politics; Government Administration; Growth and Development; History; Leadership; Goals and Objectives; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving; Society; Civil Society or Community; Culture; Human Needs; Public Opinion; Public Sector; Social Issues; Poverty; Equality and Inequality; Manufacturing Industry; Steel Industry; Education Industry; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; Technology Industry; United States; Pittsburgh; Pennsylvania
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  • 17 Jul 2023
  • Research & Ideas

Money Isn’t Everything: The Dos and Don’ts of Motivating Employees

that the process is transparent and understood, even if everyone’s individual pay isn’t transparent. Don’t replace all your people with robots In the age of AI and robotics, it’s tempting to slash costs by subbing in machines or machine... View Details
Keywords: by Avery Forman
  • Web

Insights & Advice Blog

professional trek at Harvard Business School, giving students direct access to the heart of the tech industry. The February 2025 trek came at an especially exciting time, with breakthroughs in generative AI, quantum computing, cloud computing, and View Details
  • January 2016 (Revised July 2018)
  • Case

Cyberdyne: A Leap to the Future

By: Doug J. Chung and Mayuka Yamazaki
Cyberdyne Inc. was a Japanese technology venture that wanted to commercialize a hybrid assistive limb (HAL). HAL was a robotic exoskeleton system for people who had difficulty walking due to nervous system disabilities resulting from stroke, spinal cord injury (SCI),... View Details
Keywords: Go-to-market Strategy; Pricing; Sales Channel; Technological Innovation; Marketing; Sales; Distribution; Strategy; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry
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  • 12 Mar 2024
  • HBS Case

How Used Products Can Unlock New Markets: Lessons from Apple's Refurbished iPhones

Some of Apple’s most loyal customers think nothing of upgrading to the latest iPhone every time one comes out. But what about consumers who can’t splurge on a $1,000 iPhone 15 Pro? And what about the electronic waste that would accrue if people threw away functional... View Details
Keywords: by Rachel Layne; Electronics; Information Technology
  • Web

Negotiation, Organizations & Markets - Faculty & Research

Ofek and Orna Dan March 2025 | Supplement | Faculty Research Two years after Intuition Robotics opted to pursue a business-to-government contract with the New York State Office of the Aging, and put direct-to-consumer efforts on the back... View Details
  • 02 May 2023
  • What Do You Think?

How Should Artificial Intelligence Be Regulated—if at All?

(iStockphoto/Rost-9D) Artificial intelligence (AI) is the topic of the moment in circles ranging from science to business to religion. Its potential and implications are driven home when you see robot soccer players improve their game to... View Details
Keywords: by James Heskett; Information Technology; Technology
  • Web

Technology & Innovation - Faculty & Research

projects rather than purely increasing patenting. April 2014 Article Botsourcing and Outsourcing: Robot, British, Chinese, and German Workers Are for Thinking—Not Feeling—Jobs By: Adam Waytz and Michael I. Norton Technological innovations have produced View Details
  • 17 May 2024
  • Blog Post

Blending Heritage and Innovation: Lisa Yan (MBA 2025)

name, I ventured into the traditionally male-dominated tech industry. In high school, I joined the FIRST robotics team. In college, I chose to study Electrical and Computer Engineering, even though my dad, an engineer himself, had... View Details
  • 20 Aug 2020
  • Book

From the Plow to the Pill: How Technology Shapes Our Lives

For centuries, the creation of innovative technology—from steam engines and automobiles to computers and smartphones—has dramatically changed the nature of our work. Less deeply understood has been the impact of technology on the inner currents of our personal lives,... View Details
Keywords: by Dina Gerdeman
  • 07 Jul 2019
  • HBS Case

Walmart's Workforce of the Future

technological innovations such as robot workers and in-house incubators. Walmart fights a revenue drop The case details how the rise of ecommerce (and the success of Amazon in particular) affected Walmart’s discount stores (which sell... View Details
Keywords: by Julia Hanna; Retail
  • 01 Dec 2023
  • News

Thinking Ahead

As we wind down 2023, there’s talk everywhere of generative AI and how it will fundamentally alter the world as we know it; but how does that translate for your corner of the business world? Is TikTok something you need to take seriously? (Is it time to dance?) We... View Details
Keywords: Julia Hanna; Illustrations by Chris Gash; News, Library, Internet, and Other Services; Information
  • Profile

Davida Bynum

system in our classroom. Throughout the year, we learned about the science and technology of astronauts, robotic engineering, and mission control specialists which culminated into a final “mission” and week-long field trip at NASA’s Space... View Details