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  • 18 Mar 2014
  • First Look

First Look: March 18

Robert, Carliss Y. Baldwin, Alan MacCormack, and David Dreyfus Abstract—In this paper, we test a method for visualizing and measuring software portfolio architectures and use our measures to predict the... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • 2008
  • Working Paper

The Architecture of Platforms: A Unified View

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and C. Jason Woodard
The central role of "platform" products and services in mediating the activities of disaggregated "clusters" or "ecosystems" of firms has been widely recognized. But platforms and the systems in which they are embedded are very diverse. In particular, platforms may... View Details
Keywords: Digital Platforms; Industry Clusters; Infrastructure; Information Infrastructure; Digital Platforms
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  • Research Summary

Distributed Innovation in Open Systems—The Role of Modularity

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
Distributed innovation in open systems is an important trend in the modern global economy. As education levels rise and communication costs fall, more people have the means and motivation to innovate. Supply chains now stretch around the world as firms outsource... View Details
  • 24 Sep 2013
  • First Look

First Look: September 24

By: Gil, Nuno, and Carliss Y. Baldwin Abstract—We argue that a design commons can be an advantageous organizational form under two salient conditions: 1) high... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • 2018
  • Working Paper

Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 5 Complementarity

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
The purpose of this chapter is to relate the theory of task networks and technology set forth in previous chapters to theories of firm boundaries from economics and management. Complementary goods have more value when used together than separately. Complementarity may... View Details
Keywords: Complementarity
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  • 06 Jun 2017
  • First Look

First Look at New Research and Ideas: June 6, 2017

implications from suboptimal peer-selection. Download working paper: https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=51919 Designing an Agile Software Portfolio Architecture: The Impact of Coupling on Performance By: MacCormack, Alan, Robert Lagerström, Martin Mocker,... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • June 2001 (Revised September 2011)
  • Case

PepsiCo's Bid for Quaker Oats (A)

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Leonid P Sudakov
Throughout 1999, PepsiCo closely tracked several potential strategic acquisitions. In the fall of 2000, it appeared that the right moment for an equity-financed acquisition had arrived. At this time, PepsiCo management decided to initiate confidential discussions with... View Details
Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Private Equity; Stock Shares; Negotiation; Strategy; Valuation; Food and Beverage Industry
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  • 18 Mar 2008
  • First Look

First Look: March 18, 2008

Download the paper: http://www.hbs.edu/research/pdf/08-084.pdf Exploring the Duality between Product and Organizational Architectures: A Test of the Mirroring Hypothesis Authors:Alan D. MacCormack, John Rusnak, and Carliss View Details
Keywords: Martha Lagace
  • 30 Aug 2016
  • First Look

August 30, 2016

https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=51569 Building the Agile Enterprise: IT Architecture, Modularity and the Cost of IT Change By: MacCormack, Alan, Robert Lagerstrom, David Dreyfus, and Carliss View Details
Keywords: Carmen Nobel
  • July 2003 (Revised February 2004)
  • Background Note

M&A Legal Context: Standards Related to the Sale or Purchase of a Company

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin, Constance E. Bagley and James Quinn
Introduces students to the legal standards affecting officers and directors when selling or purchasing a company. Provides a practical understanding of the Revlon Standard, the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, Rule 10b-5, and the legal criteria for a cause of... View Details
Keywords: Laws and Statutes; Law Enforcement; Government Legislation; Acquisition; Business Exit or Shutdown; Corporate Governance; Going Public; Courts and Trials
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  • 17 Oct 2017
  • First Look

First Look at New Research and Ideas, October 17, 2017

Digital Agility: The Impact of Software Portfolio Architecture on IT System Evolution By: MacCormack, Alan, Robert Lagerström, Martin Mocker, and Carliss Y. Baldwin... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • 27 Mar 2007
  • First Look

First Look: March 27, 2007

  Working PapersFrom Manufacturing to Design: An Essay on the Work of Kim B. Clark Authors:Sylvain Lenfle and Carliss Y. Baldwin Abstract Kim Clark occupies a unique place in... View Details
Keywords: Martha Lagace
  • 22 Jun 2010
  • First Look

First Look: June 22

they evolved in response to macroeconomic shocks that affected the Brazilian economy during this period. Download the paper: http://www.hbs.edu/research/pdf/10-109.pdf The Mirroring Hypothesis: Theory, Evidence and Exceptions (revised) Authors:Lyra Colfer and View Details
Keywords: Martha Lagace
  • 07 Mar 2017
  • First Look

First Look at New Research, March 7

Between Architecture Coupling and Software Vulnerabilities: A Google Chrome Case By: Lagerström, Robert, Carliss Y. Baldwin, Alan MacCormack, Dan Sturtevant, and Lee Doolan Abstract—Employing software... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • 17 Nov 2009
  • First Look

First Look: Nov. 17

  Working PapersUser, and Open Collaborative Innovation: Ascendent Economic Models Authors:Carliss Y. Baldwin and Eric von Hippel Abstract In this paper we assess the economic viability of innovation View Details
Keywords: Martha Lagace
  • 14 Dec 2010
  • First Look

First Look: Dec. 14

Carliss Y. Baldwin Abstract The existing theory of modularity explains how modular designs create value. We extend this theory to address value appropriation. A product or... View Details
Keywords: Sean Silverthorne
  • 03 Aug 2010
  • First Look

First Look: August 3

of emissions tests, we find empirical support for our hypotheses that particular forms of firm governance and product portfolios can mitigate moral hazard. Download the paper: http://www.hbs.edu/research/pdf/11-004.pdf   Cases & Course MaterialsRoche's Acquisition... View Details
Keywords: Martha Lagace
  • 2010
  • Working Paper

The Architecture of Complex Systems: Do Core-periphery Structures Dominate?

By: Alan MacCormack, Carliss Y. Baldwin and John Rusnak

Any complex technological system can be decomposed into a number of subsystems and associated components, some of which are core to system function while others are only peripheral. The dynamics of how such "core-periphery" structures evolve and become embedded in a... View Details

Keywords: Innovation and Management; Product Design; Practice; Core Relationships; Software; Information Technology Industry
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  • 2014
  • Working Paper

Sharing Design Rights: A Commons Approach for Developing Infrastructure

By: Nuno Gil and Carliss Y. Baldwin
This study empirically investigates the relationship between design structure and organization structure in the context of new infrastructure development projects. Our research setting is a capital program to develop new school buildings in the city of Manchester, UK.... View Details
Keywords: Design; Buildings and Facilities; Education
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  • 2007
  • Working Paper

The Impact of Component Modularity on Design Evolution: Evidence from the Software Industry

By: Alan MacCormack, John Rusnak and Carliss Y. Baldwin

Much academic work asserts a relationship between the design of a complex system and the manner in which this system evolves over time. In particular, designs which are modular in nature are argued to be more "evolvable," in that these designs facilitate making... View Details

Keywords: Product Design; Adaptation; Software; Information Technology Industry
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