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    • All HBS Web  (2,439)
      • Faculty Publications  (405)

      Transaction Cost EconomicsRemove Transaction Cost Economics →

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      • December 2019
      • Article

      The Impact of Increasing Search Frictions on Online Shopping Behavior: Evidence from a Field Experiment

      By: Donald Ngwe, Kris J. Ferreira and Thales Teixeira
      Many online stores are designed such that shoppers can easily access any available discounted products. We propose that deliberately increasing search frictions by placing small obstacles to locating discounted items can improve online retailers’ margins and even... View Details
      Keywords: Online Retailing; Friction; Effor; Search Costs; Price Discrimination; Marketing; Consumer Behavior; Strategy; Price; E-commerce; Retail Industry; Fashion Industry
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      Ngwe, Donald, Kris J. Ferreira, and Thales Teixeira. "The Impact of Increasing Search Frictions on Online Shopping Behavior: Evidence from a Field Experiment." Journal of Marketing Research (JMR) 56, no. 6 (December 2019): 944–959.
      • November 2019
      • Article

      Full Substitutability

      By: John William Hatfield, Scott Duke Kominers, Alexandru Nichifor, Michael Ostrovsky and Alexander Westkamp
      Various forms of substitutability are essential for establishing the existence of equilibria and other useful properties in diverse settings such as matching, auctions, and exchange economies with indivisible goods. We extend earlier models’ definitions of... View Details
      Keywords: Substitutability; Mathematical Methods; Auctions; Market Design
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      Hatfield, John William, Scott Duke Kominers, Alexandru Nichifor, Michael Ostrovsky, and Alexander Westkamp. "Full Substitutability." Theoretical Economics 14, no. 4 (November 2019): 1535–1590.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      The Impact of the General Data Protection Regulation on Internet Interconnection

      By: Ran Zhuo, Bradley Huffaker, KC Claffy and Shane Greenstein
      The Internet comprises thousands of independently operated networks, where bilaterally negotiated interconnection agreements determine the flow of data between networks. The European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) imposes strict restrictions on... View Details
      Keywords: Personal Data; Privacy Regulation; GDPR; Interconnection Agreements; Internet and the Web; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; European Union
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      Zhuo, Ran, Bradley Huffaker, KC Claffy, and Shane Greenstein. "The Impact of the General Data Protection Regulation on Internet Interconnection." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 26481, November 2019.
      • October 2019
      • Article

      Does Political Uncertainty Increase External Financing Costs? Measuring the Electoral Premium in Syndicated Lending

      By: Olivia S. Kim
      This article investigates the impact of political uncertainty on contractual lending terms using a large sample of syndicated loans and a within-firm estimation approach to achieve identification. Firms pay 7 basis points (bps) more on loans originated when their... View Details
      Keywords: Risk and Uncertainty; Political Elections; Financing and Loans; Developing Countries and Economies
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      Kim, Olivia S. "Does Political Uncertainty Increase External Financing Costs? Measuring the Electoral Premium in Syndicated Lending." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 54, no. 5 (October 2019): 2141–2178.
      • September 2019
      • Case

      Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation: Shaping the Vaccine Manufacturing Ecosystem

      By: Willy C. Shih
      Vaccines for children has been a long-standing focus for the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and its critical role in public health made its production an important economic and political issue. This case describes the Foundation's investment in a breakthrough vaccine... View Details
      Keywords: Vaccine; Production; Supply Chain; Product; Biotechnology Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Belgium
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      Shih, Willy C. "Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation: Shaping the Vaccine Manufacturing Ecosystem." Harvard Business School Case 620-021, September 2019.
      • 2020
      • Working Paper

      Collusion in Brokered Markets

      By: John William Hatfield, Scott Duke Kominers and Richard Lowery
      The U.S. residential real estate agency market presents a puzzle for economic theory: commissions on real estate transactions have remained high for decades even though entry is frequent and costs are low. We model the real estate agency market, and other brokered... View Details
      Keywords: Real Estate; "Repeated Games"; Collusion; Antitrust; Brokered Markets; Game Theory; Real Estate Industry
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      Hatfield, John William, Scott Duke Kominers, and Richard Lowery. "Collusion in Brokered Markets." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-023, September 2019. (Revised July 2020.)
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      On Her Own Account: How Strengthening Women's Financial Control Affects Labor Supply and Gender Norms

      By: Natalia Rigol, Erica Field, Rohini Pande, Simone Schaner and Charity Troyer-Moore
      Can greater control over earned income incentivize women to work and influence gender norms? In collaboration with Indian government partners, we provided rural women with individual bank accounts and randomly varied whether their wages from a public workfare program... View Details
      Keywords: Gender Norms; Economics; Gender; Employment; Income; Societal Protocols; India
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      Rigol, Natalia, Erica Field, Rohini Pande, Simone Schaner, and Charity Troyer-Moore. "On Her Own Account: How Strengthening Women's Financial Control Affects Labor Supply and Gender Norms." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 26294, September 2019.
      • July 2019
      • Article

      Evaluation of Economic and Clinical Outcomes Under Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Mandatory Bundled Payments for Joint Replacements

      By: Derek A. Haas, Xiaoran Zhang, Robert S. Kaplan and Zirui Song
      In 2016, the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) launched its first mandatory bundled payment program, the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement (CJR) model, by randomizing metropolitan statistical areas (MSAs) into the payment model. The paper analyzed... View Details
      Keywords: Medicare; Medicaid; Bundled Payments; Health Care and Treatment; Cost Management; Performance Evaluation; Outcome or Result
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      Haas, Derek A., Xiaoran Zhang, Robert S. Kaplan, and Zirui Song. "Evaluation of Economic and Clinical Outcomes Under Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services Mandatory Bundled Payments for Joint Replacements." JAMA Internal Medicine 179, no. 7 (July 2019): 924–931.
      • July 2019
      • Case

      Christmas Inc. (A)

      By: Susanna Gallani, Gregory Sabin, Lexor Adams and Nicholas Haberling
      Santa Claus is facing increasing pressures to contain costs. The economic model that has worked for centuries is starting to show some cracks, to the point that he is considering outsourcing part of its toy production. Evaluating the bids his team collected from... View Details
      Keywords: Costing; Production; Cost; Analysis; Decision Making; Strategy
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      Gallani, Susanna, Gregory Sabin, Lexor Adams, and Nicholas Haberling. "Christmas Inc. (A)." Harvard Business School Case 120-009, July 2019.
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      Rehabilitating Corporate Purpose

      By: Malcolm S. Salter
      In this paper, I address how the ascendance of the theory of shareholder value maximization into the central consciousness of public corporations and its canonization as the only legitimate expression of corporate purpose has contributed to both a widening breach... View Details
      Keywords: Capitalism; Justice; Corporate Purpose; Shareholder Value Maximization; Ethical Reciprocity; Economic Systems; Business Ventures; Mission and Purpose; Ethics; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact
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      Salter, Malcolm S. "Rehabilitating Corporate Purpose." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-104, April 2019.
      • Article

      Making Seconds Count: When Valuing Time Promotes Subjective Well-being

      By: Alice Lee-Yoon and A.V. Whillans
      Time is a finite and precious resource, and the way that we value our time can critically shape happiness. In this article, we present a conceptual framework to explain when valuing time can enhance vs. undermine well-being. Specifically, we review the emotional... View Details
      Keywords: Time; Happiness; Welfare; Money; Value; Well-being
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      Lee-Yoon, Alice, and A.V. Whillans. "Making Seconds Count: When Valuing Time Promotes Subjective Well-being." Current Opinion in Psychology 26 (April 2019): 54–57.
      • February 2019 (Revised January 2020)
      • Teaching Note

      Renegotiating NAFTA

      By: Laura Alfaro and Sarah Jeong
      On January 16, 2020, the Senate passed a landmark trade deal that would replace the 26-year-old North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). Until the United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement (USMCA) was signed, considerable debate had surrounded it. The new agreement... View Details
      Keywords: NAFTA; Trade; Agreements and Arrangements; Policy; Cost vs Benefits; North America
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Sarah Jeong. "Renegotiating NAFTA." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 319-096, February 2019. (Revised January 2020.)
      • January 2019 (Revised December 2019)
      • Case

      CrossBoundary Energy

      By: John Macomber
      Almost 500 million people are without electricity in sub-Saharan Africa. Governments and public utilities are challenged to bring generation and distribution to most of them. Considerable promise exists in “off-grid” or “mini-grid” technologies, notably using renewable... View Details
      Keywords: Energy Investing; Economic Development; Renewable Energy; Business Growth and Maturation; Developing Countries and Economies; Project Finance; Emerging Markets; Industry Structures; Infrastructure; Segmentation; Private Equity; Decision Choices and Conditions; Energy Industry; Utilities Industry; Africa; Tanzania; Ghana
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      Macomber, John. "CrossBoundary Energy." Harvard Business School Case 219-089, January 2019. (Revised December 2019.)
      • 2019
      • Working Paper

      The Impact of Increasing Search Frictions on Online Shopping Behavior: Evidence from a Field Experiment

      By: Donald Ngwe, Kris J. Ferreira and Thales Teixeira
      Many online stores are designed such that shoppers can easily access any available discounted products. We propose that deliberately increasing search frictions by placing small obstacles to locating discounted items can improve online retailers’ margins and even... View Details
      Keywords: E-commerce; Online Retailing; Friction; Effor; Search Costs; Price Discrimination; Consumer Behavior; Price; Search Technology
      Citation
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      Ngwe, Donald, Kris J. Ferreira, and Thales Teixeira. "The Impact of Increasing Search Frictions on Online Shopping Behavior: Evidence from a Field Experiment." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-080, January 2019.
      • November 2018
      • Case

      Yatooq: Longing for Arabic Coffee

      By: Mark Roberge, Gamze Yucaoglu and Samer Al-Rachedy
      As one of the few female entrepreneurs in Saudi Arabia, Lateefa Alwaalan had been trying to produce the perfect cup of Arabic coffee for over a decade. In 2007, she began testing various coffee blends, which she later branded Yatooq, the Arabic word for “craving” or... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurial Sales; Entrepreneurial Selling; Entrepreneurial Marketing; Barrier To Entry; Business Start-ups; Yatooq; Entrepreneurship; Private Sector; For-Profit Firms; Business Strategy; Patents; Business Startups; Strategic Planning; Competitive Strategy; Adaptation; Corporate Entrepreneurship; Corporate Strategy; Food and Beverage Industry; Saudi Arabia; Asia
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      Roberge, Mark, Gamze Yucaoglu, and Samer Al-Rachedy. "Yatooq: Longing for Arabic Coffee." Harvard Business School Case 819-075, November 2018.
      • Article

      Amazon's $15 Minimum Wage Might Cost Some Workers

      By: Scott Duke Kominers
      Keywords: Economics; Retail Industry; United States
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      Kominers, Scott Duke. "Amazon's $15 Minimum Wage Might Cost Some Workers." Bloomberg Opinion (October 10, 2018).
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 5 Complementarity

      By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
      The purpose of this chapter is to relate the theory of task networks and technology set forth in previous chapters to theories of firm boundaries from economics and management. Complementary goods have more value when used together than separately. Complementarity may... View Details
      Keywords: Complementarity
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      Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 5 Complementarity." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-036, October 2018.
      • October 2018
      • Case

      Shield AI

      By: Mitchell Weiss and A.J. Steinlage
      Shield AI’s quadcopter – with no pilot and no flight plan – could clear a building and outpace human warfighters by almost five minutes. This was not to say that it was better than the warfighters or would replace their jobs, but it was evidence that autonomous robots... View Details
      Keywords: Public Entrepreneurship; Artificial Intelligence; AI; Entrepreneurial Sales; Government; Defense; Shield AI; Brandon Tseng; Ryan Tseng; Andrew Reiter; Robots; Robotics; UAV; UAVs; Government Sales; Entrepreneurship; Public Sector; Sales; Government Administration; National Security; Business and Government Relations; AI and Machine Learning; Technology Industry; United States
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      Weiss, Mitchell, and A.J. Steinlage. "Shield AI." Harvard Business School Case 819-062, October 2018.
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      Opportunistic Returns and Dynamic Pricing: Empirical Evidence from Online Retailing in Emerging Markets

      By: Chaithanya Bandi, Antonio Moreno, Donald Ngwe and Zhiji Xu
      We investigate how dynamic pricing can lead to more product returns in the online retail industry. Using detailed sales data of more than two million transactions from the Indian online retail market, where price promotions are very common, we document two types of... View Details
      Keywords: Cash On Delivery; Dynamic Pricing; Online Retail; Payment Methods; Strategic Customer Behavior; Opportunistic Returns; Price; Policy; Consumer Behavior; Emerging Markets; Retail Industry
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      Bandi, Chaithanya, Antonio Moreno, Donald Ngwe, and Zhiji Xu. "Opportunistic Returns and Dynamic Pricing: Empirical Evidence from Online Retailing in Emerging Markets." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-030, September 2018.
      • 2018
      • Working Paper

      UK Competitiveness after Brexit

      By: Michael E. Porter
      On June 23rd, 2016 52% of UK voters opted to put their country on the path to leave the European Union by March 29, 2019. This result was a surprise to many, and went against the advice of the vast majority of economic experts and business leaders. Two years later, and... View Details
      Keywords: Competitiveness; International Relations; Trade; Economy; Strategy; United Kingdom
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      Porter, Michael E. "UK Competitiveness after Brexit." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-029, September 2018. (Revised January 2019.)
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