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Publications

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    • All HBS Web  (4,598)
      • Faculty Publications  (706)

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      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Second- versus Third-party Audit Quality: Evidence from Global Supply Chain Monitoring

      By: Maria R. Ibanez, Ashley Palmarozzo, Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
      Capitalizing on the superior credibility and flexibility and potential lower cost of external assessments, many global buyers are relying less on their own employee (“second-party”) auditors and more on third-party auditors to monitor and prevent environmental and... View Details
      Keywords: Auditing; Audit Quality; Working Conditions; Sustainability; Empirical Operations; Empirical Service Operations; Sustainability Management; Corporate Accountability; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Supply Chain Management
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      Ibanez, Maria R., Ashley Palmarozzo, Jodi L. Short, and Michael W. Toffel. "Second- versus Third-party Audit Quality: Evidence from Global Supply Chain Monitoring." Working Paper, August 2024.
      • June 2023 (Revised July 2023)
      • Case

      Social Media Background Screening at Fama Technologies

      By: Joseph Pacelli, Jillian Grennan and Alexis Lefort
      Fama Technologies is an online screening company that uses AI to analyze job applicants' publicly available online content for signs of risk and culture fit. The case opens with Ben Mones, founder and CEO, looking to secure funding from venture firms. He is running... View Details
      Keywords: Human Resources; Recruitment; Retention; Selection and Staffing; Organizational Culture; Talent and Talent Management; AI and Machine Learning; Social Media; Venture Capital; Entrepreneurship; United States
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      Pacelli, Joseph, Jillian Grennan, and Alexis Lefort. "Social Media Background Screening at Fama Technologies." Harvard Business School Case 123-010, June 2023. (Revised July 2023.)
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Insufficiently Justified Disparate Impact: A New Criterion for Subgroup Fairness

      By: Neil Menghani, Edward McFowland III and Daniel B. Neill
      In this paper, we develop a new criterion, "insufficiently justified disparate impact" (IJDI), for assessing whether recommendations (binarized predictions) made by an algorithmic decision support tool are fair. Our novel, utility-based IJDI criterion evaluates false... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Forecasting and Prediction; Prejudice and Bias
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      Menghani, Neil, Edward McFowland III, and Daniel B. Neill. "Insufficiently Justified Disparate Impact: A New Criterion for Subgroup Fairness." Working Paper, June 2023.
      • May 9, 2023
      • Article

      8 Questions About Using AI Responsibly, Answered

      By: Tsedal Neeley
      Generative AI tools are poised to change the way every business operates. As your own organization begins strategizing which to use, and how, operational and ethical considerations are inevitable. This article delves into eight of them, including how your organization... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Prejudice and Bias; Ethics
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      Neeley, Tsedal. "8 Questions About Using AI Responsibly, Answered." Harvard Business Review (website) (May 9, 2023).
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Feature Importance Disparities for Data Bias Investigations

      By: Peter W. Chang, Leor Fishman and Seth Neel
      It is widely held that one cause of downstream bias in classifiers is bias present in the training data. Rectifying such biases may involve context-dependent interventions such as training separate models on subgroups, removing features with bias in the collection... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Analytics and Data Science; Prejudice and Bias
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      Chang, Peter W., Leor Fishman, and Seth Neel. "Feature Importance Disparities for Data Bias Investigations." Working Paper, March 2023.
      • April 2023
      • Article

      Inattentive Inference

      By: Thomas Graeber
      This paper studies how people infer a state of the world from information structures that include additional, payoff-irrelevant states. For example, learning from a customer review about a product’s quality requires accounting for the reviewer’s otherwise irrelevant... View Details
      Keywords: Cognition and Thinking; Information Types; Behavior; Knowledge Acquisition
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      Graeber, Thomas. "Inattentive Inference." Journal of the European Economic Association 21, no. 2 (April 2023): 560–592.
      • April 2023
      • Article

      Learning Down to Train Up: Mentors Are More Effective When They Value Insights from Below

      By: Ting Zhang, Dan Wang and Adam D. Galinsky
      Although mentorship is vital for individual success, potential mentors often view it as a costly burden. To understand what motivates mentors to overcome this barrier and more fully engage with their mentees, we introduce a new construct, learning direction, which... View Details
      Keywords: Mentoring; Learning Direction; Interpersonal Communication; Learning; Leadership Development
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      Zhang, Ting, Dan Wang, and Adam D. Galinsky. "Learning Down to Train Up: Mentors Are More Effective When They Value Insights from Below." Academy of Management Journal 66, no. 2 (April 2023): 604–637.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      The Limits of Algorithmic Measures of Race in Studies of Outcome Disparities

      By: David S. Scharfstein and Sergey Chernenko
      We show that the use of algorithms to predict race has significant limitations in measuring and understanding the sources of racial disparities in finance, economics, and other contexts. First, we derive theoretically the direction and magnitude of measurement bias in... View Details
      Keywords: Racial Disparity; Paycheck Protection Program; Measurement Error; AI and Machine Learning; Race; Measurement and Metrics; Equality and Inequality; Prejudice and Bias; Forecasting and Prediction; Outcome or Result
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      Scharfstein, David S., and Sergey Chernenko. "The Limits of Algorithmic Measures of Race in Studies of Outcome Disparities." Working Paper, April 2023.
      • March 2023 (Revised May 2023)
      • Case

      OneTen at Delta Air Lines: Catalyzing Family-Sustaining Careers for Black Talent (A)

      By: Linda A. Hill and Lydia Begag
      It was December 10, 2020, and Ed Bastian, the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) of Delta Air Lines (Delta), had just finished a meeting with Joanne Smith, Executive Vice President and Chief People Officer, and Keyra Lynn Johnson, the Chief Diversity and Inclusion Officer.... View Details
      Keywords: Recruitment; Training; Race; Equality and Inequality; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Job Design and Levels; Air Transportation Industry; United States
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      Hill, Linda A., and Lydia Begag. "OneTen at Delta Air Lines: Catalyzing Family-Sustaining Careers for Black Talent (A)." Harvard Business School Case 423-072, March 2023. (Revised May 2023.)
      • March 2023 (Revised June 2023)
      • Case

      Pratham 2.0: Sustaining Innovation

      By: Brian Trelstad, Samantha Webster and Malini Sen
      Pratham is a Mumbai-based nonprofit, which focuses on high-quality, low-cost, and replicable interventions to address gaps in India’s education system. From inception, it has pioneered innovation, from early childhood learning centers to adaptive literacy programs, to... View Details
      Keywords: Nonprofit; Talent Management; Innovation; Early Childhood Education; Social Entrepreneurship; Literacy; Leadership Development; Value Creation; Education Industry; Asia; Africa; India
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      Trelstad, Brian, Samantha Webster, and Malini Sen. "Pratham 2.0: Sustaining Innovation." Harvard Business School Case 323-003, March 2023. (Revised June 2023.)
      • 2023
      • Chapter

      Marketing Through the Machine’s Eyes: Image Analytics and Interpretability

      By: Shunyuan Zhang, Flora Feng and Kannan Srinivasan
      he growth of social media and the sharing economy is generating abundant unstructured image and video data. Computer vision techniques can derive rich insights from unstructured data and can inform recommendations for increasing profits and consumer utility—if only the... View Details
      Keywords: Transparency; Marketing Research; Algorithmic Bias; AI and Machine Learning; Marketing
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      Zhang, Shunyuan, Flora Feng, and Kannan Srinivasan. "Marketing Through the Machine’s Eyes: Image Analytics and Interpretability." Chap. 8 in Artificial Intelligence in Marketing. 20, edited by Naresh K. Malhotra, K. Sudhir, and Olivier Toubia, 217–238. Review of Marketing Research. Emerald Publishing Limited, 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Translating Information into Action: A Public Health Experiment in Bangladesh

      By: Reshmaan Hussam, Kailash Pandey, Abu Shonchoy and Chikako Yamauchi
      While models of technology adoption posit learning as the basis of behavior change, information campaigns in public health frequently fail to change behavior. We design an information campaign embedding hand-hygiene edutainment within popular dramas using mobile... View Details
      Keywords: Handwashing; Public Health; Health; Information; Behavior; Change
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      Hussam, Reshmaan, Kailash Pandey, Abu Shonchoy, and Chikako Yamauchi. "Translating Information into Action: A Public Health Experiment in Bangladesh." Working Paper, February 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Senior Team Emotional Dynamics and Strategic Decision Making at a Platform Transition

      By: Timo O. Vuori and Michael L. Tushman
      Based on an inductive case study, we develop an emotional-temporal process model of an incumbent’s strategic decision making at a platform transition. We describe the senior team’s emotional response to this transition and the impact of these emotions on their... View Details
      Keywords: Emotions; Decision Choices and Conditions; Transition; Digital Platforms
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      Vuori, Timo O., and Michael L. Tushman. "Senior Team Emotional Dynamics and Strategic Decision Making at a Platform Transition." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-054, March 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      Sending Signals: Strategic Displays of Warmth and Competence

      By: Bushra S. Guenoun and Julian J. Zlatev
      Using a combination of exploratory and confirmatory approaches, this research examines how people signal important information about themselves to others. We first train machine learning models to assess the use of warmth and competence impression management... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Personal Characteristics; Perception; Interpersonal Communication
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      Guenoun, Bushra S., and Julian J. Zlatev. "Sending Signals: Strategic Displays of Warmth and Competence." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-051, February 2023.
      • February 2023 (Revised November 2024)
      • Case

      Ronald Reagan: Changing the World

      By: Robert Simons and Shirley Sun
      This case traces the rise of Ronald Reagan from small town Illinois to two-term president of the United States. An unlikely candidate for the world’s most powerful job, the case describes the different roles that Reagan filled over his life: radio announcer, Hollywood... View Details
      Keywords: Politics; Entertainment; Personal Characteristics; Business And Government; Values And Beliefs; Mission And Purpose; Decision Making; Government Administration; Management Style; Power and Influence; United States
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      Simons, Robert, and Shirley Sun. "Ronald Reagan: Changing the World." Harvard Business School Case 123-024, February 2023. (Revised November 2024.)
      • February 2023
      • Article

      The Effect of Systems of Management Controls on Honesty in Managerial Reporting

      By: Aishwarrya Deore, Susanna Gallani and Ranjani Krishnan
      While budgetary controls with capital rationing are optimal in theory and widespread in practice, empirical research documents their association with higher employee dishonesty compared to budgetary controls without rationing. In this study, we examine whether... View Details
      Keywords: Directing Controls; Misreporting; Mission Statements; Participative Budgeting; Stewardship Theory; Systems Of Management Controls; Capital; Budgets and Budgeting; Mission and Purpose
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      Deore, Aishwarrya, Susanna Gallani, and Ranjani Krishnan. "The Effect of Systems of Management Controls on Honesty in Managerial Reporting." Art. 101401. Accounting, Organizations and Society 105 (February 2023).
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      'It Wouldn’t Have Mattered Anyway': When Overdetermined Outcomes Justify Our Sins

      By: Stephanie C. Lin, Julian J. Zlatev and Dale T. Miller
      We identify and document an “overdetermined outcome defense” which occurs when one learns that circumstances besides one’s own actions were sufficient to produce a negative effect (e.g., deciding not to go to the gym, but later discovering that the gym had been... View Details
      Keywords: Moral Sensibility; Decision Making; Outcome or Result; Behavior
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      Lin, Stephanie C., Julian J. Zlatev, and Dale T. Miller. "'It Wouldn’t Have Mattered Anyway': When Overdetermined Outcomes Justify Our Sins." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-045, January 2023.
      • 2023
      • Working Paper

      The Link Between Integrative Bargaining and Leadership Evaluations

      By: Julian J. Zlatev and Francis J. Flynn
      We draw from implicit leadership theory and the dual concern theory of conflict resolution to posit a link between negotiation style and leadership evaluations. Specifically, we propose that individuals who are more skilled at integrative, but not distributive,... View Details
      Keywords: Prosocial Behavior; Leadership; Negotiation; Conflict and Resolution; Performance Evaluation
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      Zlatev, Julian J., and Francis J. Flynn. "The Link Between Integrative Bargaining and Leadership Evaluations." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 23-044, January 2023.
      • January 2023 (Revised May 2023)
      • Case

      Steve Jobs: Changing the World

      By: Robert Simons and Shirley Sun
      This case traces the life of Steve Jobs who throughout his career flaunted convention and chose an unusual path to success. The case describes how Jobs, as young man, acquired an appreciation for aesthetics and the liberal arts, but was also quick to recognize and... View Details
      Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Technology; Business Startups; Personal Characteristics; Leadership Style; Innovation; Work-life Balance; Innovation Leadership; Power and Influence; Success; Information Technology Industry; United States
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      Simons, Robert, and Shirley Sun. "Steve Jobs: Changing the World." Harvard Business School Case 123-022, January 2023. (Revised May 2023.)
      • 8 Sep 2023
      • Conference Presentation

      Chatbots and Mental Health: Insights into the Safety of Generative AI

      By: Julian De Freitas, K. Uguralp, Z. Uguralp and Stefano Puntoni
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Well-being
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      De Freitas, Julian, K. Uguralp, Z. Uguralp, and Stefano Puntoni. "Chatbots and Mental Health: Insights into the Safety of Generative AI." Paper presented at the Business & Generative AI Workshop, Wharton School, AI at Wharton, San Francisco, CA, United States, September 8, 2023.
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