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  • All HBS Web  (2,654)
    • People  (6)
    • News  (421)
    • Research  (1,911)
    • Events  (10)
  • Faculty Publications  (907)
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  • Program

Value Creation Through Effective Boards

greater insight into corporate governance oversight and best practices, you will emerge a stronger leader and decision-maker, ready to create more value for your company. This program is developed and taught in collaboration with the IESE... View Details
  • November 2017 (Revised June 2019)
  • Case

Measuring True Value at Ambuja Cement

By: V. Kasturi Rangan, Suraj Srinivasan and Namrata Arora
The case discusses the measurement of social and environmental impact at Ambuja Cements, one of India’s leading cement companies. Ambuja is a leader in CSR activities and is attempting to quantify its impact, both positive and negative, using the “True Value” framework... View Details
Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Value; Measurement and Metrics; Framework; Cost vs Benefits
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Rangan, V. Kasturi, Suraj Srinivasan, and Namrata Arora. "Measuring True Value at Ambuja Cement." Harvard Business School Case 518-063, November 2017. (Revised June 2019.)
  • Article

The Cross Section of Expected Holding Period Returns and Their Dynamics: A Present Value Approach

By: Matthew R. Lyle and Charles C.Y. Wang
We provide a tractable model of firm-level expected holding period returns using two firm fundamentals—book-to-market ratio and ROE—and study the cross-sectional properties of the model-implied expected returns. We find that 1) firm-level expected returns and expected... View Details
Keywords: Expected Returns; Discount Rates; Holding Period Returns; Fundamental Valuation; Present Value; Valuation; Investment Return
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Lyle, Matthew R., and Charles C.Y. Wang. "The Cross Section of Expected Holding Period Returns and Their Dynamics: A Present Value Approach." Journal of Financial Economics 116, no. 3 (June 2015): 505–525.
  • Forthcoming
  • Article

No Line Left Behind: Assortative Matching Inside the Firm

By: Achyuta Adhvaryu, Vittorio Bassi, Anant Nyshadham and Jorge Tamayo
How do firms pair workers with managers, and which constraints affect the allocation of labor within the firm? We characterize the sorting pattern of managers to workers in a large readymade garment manufacturer in India and then explore potential drivers of the... View Details
Keywords: Assortative Matching; Productivity; Global Buyers; Readymade Garments; Labor; Organizational Design; Performance Productivity; Fashion Industry
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Adhvaryu, Achyuta, Vittorio Bassi, Anant Nyshadham, and Jorge Tamayo. "No Line Left Behind: Assortative Matching Inside the Firm." Review of Economics and Statistics (forthcoming). (Pre-published online October 29, 2024.)
  • March 2010
  • Article

Extreme Governance: An Analysis of Dual-Class Firms in the United States

By: Paul A. Gompers, Joy Ishii and Andrew Metrick
We construct a comprehensive list of dual-class firms in the United States and use this list to analyze the relationship between insider ownership and firm value. Our data have two useful features. First, since dual-class stock separates cash-flow rights from voting... View Details
Keywords: Voting; Cash Flow; Stocks; Rights; Ownership Stake; Value; United States
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Gompers, Paul A., Joy Ishii, and Andrew Metrick. "Extreme Governance: An Analysis of Dual-Class Firms in the United States." Review of Financial Studies 23, no. 3 (March 2010).
  • June 2015 (Revised September 2017)
  • Supplement

Generating Higher Value at IBM

By: Benjamin C. Esty and Scott Mayfield
This case analyzes IBM's financial performance and its capital allocation decisions over a 10-year period from 2004-2013, during which IBM returned more than $140B to shareholders through a combination of dividends and share repurchases. During this time, CEO Sam... View Details
Keywords: Dividends; Share Repurchases; Earnings Guidance; Financial Statement Analysis; Financial Ratios; Payout Policy; Earnings Per Share (EPS); Earnings Management; Change Management; Leadership; Transformation; Financial Strategy
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Esty, Benjamin C., and Scott Mayfield. "Generating Higher Value at IBM." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 215-710, June 2015. (Revised September 2017.)
  • 29 Aug 2018
  • News

The Value of Valleys

of experience that you gain by working for a reputable firm and getting training, mentoring that will lower your risk of failure later on. Everyone wants to be Bill Gates and Zuckerberg, but those are the outliers. That's not the norm.... View Details

    Generating Higher Value at IBM

    This case analyzes IBM's financial performance and its capital allocation decisions over a 10-year period from 2004-2013, during which IBM returned more than $140B to shareholders through a combination of dividends and share repurchases. During this time, CEO Sam... View Details
    • January 2015
    • Article

    Are Incentives Without Expertise Sufficient? Evidence from Fortune 500 Firms

    By: Emilie R. Feldman and Cynthia A. Montgomery
    Agency theory predicts that incentives will align agents' interests with those of principals. However, the resource-based view suggests that to be effective, the incentive to deliver must be paired with the ability to deliver. Using Fortune 500 boards as an... View Details
    Keywords: Board Of Directors; Corporate Governance; Incentives; Expertise; Motivation and Incentives; Governing and Advisory Boards; Experience and Expertise; Agency Theory
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    Feldman, Emilie R., and Cynthia A. Montgomery. "Are Incentives Without Expertise Sufficient? Evidence from Fortune 500 Firms." Strategic Management Journal 36, no. 1 (January 2015): 113–122.
    • 2020
    • Working Paper

    No Line Left Behind: Assortative Matching Inside the Firm

    By: Achyuta Adhvaryu, Vittorio Bassi, Anant Nyshadham and Jorge Tamayo
    How do firms pair workers with managers, and which constraints affect the allocation of labor within the firm? We characterize the sorting pattern of managers to workers in a large readymade garment manufacturer in India and then explore potential drivers of the... View Details
    Keywords: Assortative Matching; Productivity; Global Buyers; Readymade Garments; Management; Employees; Performance Productivity
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    Adhvaryu, Achyuta, Vittorio Bassi, Anant Nyshadham, and Jorge Tamayo. "No Line Left Behind: Assortative Matching Inside the Firm." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 20-103, March 2020.
    • January 2015 (Revised September 2017)
    • Case

    Omar Selim: Building a Values-Based Asset Management Firm (A)

    By: George Serafeim, Rebecca Henderson and Shannon Gombos
    The sustainable investing market was a recent phenomenon in the first decade of the 21st century. However, an increasing number of investors began to integrated Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) issues in investment decisions. At Barclays Capital, Omar Selim... View Details
    Keywords: Sustainability; ESG; Social Business; Entrepreneurs; Scaling; Emerging Market Entrepreneurship; Not For Profit; Entrepreneurial Finance; Mentoring; Business Networks; Hybrid Nonprofit Funding; Investing; Investment Management; Asset Management; Values and Beliefs; Religion; Personal Development and Career; Business Startups; Social Enterprise; Social Entrepreneurship; Financial Services Industry; Europe; Germany; United Kingdom
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    Serafeim, George, Rebecca Henderson, and Shannon Gombos. "Omar Selim: Building a Values-Based Asset Management Firm (A)." Harvard Business School Case 115-021, January 2015. (Revised September 2017.)
    • Research Summary

    Evolution of firm structure in vertical specialized technology supply chains

    By: Willy C. Shih
    The global market in many everyday products has been transformed by the internationalization of production.  In many industries, semiconductors and electronic products in particular, a sequential mode of production has evolved in which goods are produced... View Details
    Keywords: Globalization Of Supply Chain; Globalization; Technological Innovation; Manufacturing Industry; Biotechnology Industry; Auto Industry; United States; Asia; China
    • July 2022
    • Supplement

    Solution for E-Commerce Analytics for CPG Firms (C): Free Delivery Terms

    By: Ayelet Israeli
    Keywords: Data; Data Analysis; Data Analytics; Data Sharing; CPG; Consumer Packaged Goods (CPG); Delivery Planning; Customer Lifetime Value; Online Channel; Retail; Retail Analytics; Retailing Industry; Ecommerce; Grocery; Optimization; Analytics and Data Science; Analysis; Customer Value and Value Chain; Marketing Channels; E-commerce; Retail Industry; Consumer Products Industry; United States
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    Israeli, Ayelet. "Solution for E-Commerce Analytics for CPG Firms (C): Free Delivery Terms." Harvard Business School Spreadsheet Supplement 523-706, July 2022.
    • March–April 2025
    • Article

    Getting Value from Digital Technologies

    By: Frank Cespedes and Georg Krentzel
    Companies need digital technologies in an omni-channel buying world where online and in-person interactions are complements, not either/or substitutes. Multi-channel hybrid sales solutions are required, but what are the key requirements for using the available... View Details
    Keywords: Sales; Technology Adoption; Competitive Advantage
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    Cespedes, Frank, and Georg Krentzel. "Getting Value from Digital Technologies." European Business Review (March–April 2025): 6–9.
    • October 2021 (Revised May 2023)
    • Case

    Engine No.1: An Impact Investing Firm Engages with ExxonMobil

    By: Mark Kramer, Shawn Cole, Vikram S. Gandhi and T. Robert Zochowski
    ExxonMobil, the world's fifth largest source of carbon emissions, remained committed to aggressively expanding its oil & gas business despite global warming. During the COVID pandemic this strategy resulted in massive losses as the price and demand for oil declined. ... View Details
    Keywords: Carbon Emissions; Global Warming; Impact Investment Funds; Hedge Fund Activism; Leadership Development; Business Model; Renewable Energy; Resource Allocation; Decision Choices and Conditions; Governing and Advisory Boards
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    Kramer, Mark, Shawn Cole, Vikram S. Gandhi, and T. Robert Zochowski. "Engine No. 1: An Impact Investing Firm Engages with ExxonMobil." Harvard Business School Case 222-028, October 2021. (Revised May 2023.)
    • 03 Mar 2011
    • Working Paper Summaries

    How Firm Strategies Influence the Architecture of Transaction Networks

    Keywords: by Jianxi Luo, Daniel E. Whitney, Carliss Y. Baldwin & Christopher L. Magee
    • 31 Aug 2012
    • Working Paper Summaries

    The Effect of Institutional Factors on the Value of Corporate Diversification

    Keywords: by Venkat Kuppuswamy, George Serafeim & Belén Villalonga
    • February 2003 (Revised August 2004)
    • Background Note

    Note on Valuation-Compensation Tradeoff in Professional Service Firm Acquisitions

    By: Ashish Nanda
    This case highlights the tradeoff between valuation ascribed to professionals at the time of a professional services firm (PSF) acquisition and the postacquisition compensation of these professionals. It emphasizes how a high valuation at acquisition carries with it... View Details
    Keywords: Valuation; Employees; Acquisition; Compensation and Benefits; Service Industry
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    Nanda, Ashish. "Note on Valuation-Compensation Tradeoff in Professional Service Firm Acquisitions." Harvard Business School Background Note 903-111, February 2003. (Revised August 2004.)
    • December 2006 (Revised October 2007)
    • Case

    Monsanto: Realizing Biotech Value in Brazil

    By: David E. Bell and Mary L. Shelman
    In 2003, Monsanto's patented "Roundup Ready" technology was used illegally on 70-80% of the soybean area in southern Brazil. Under pressure from U.S. soybean growers, who were paying to license the technology, the firm implemented an innovative delivery-based... View Details
    Keywords: Plant-Based Agribusiness; Patents; Lawfulness; Emerging Markets; Product Development; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Biotechnology Industry; Brazil
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    Bell, David E., and Mary L. Shelman. "Monsanto: Realizing Biotech Value in Brazil." Harvard Business School Case 507-018, December 2006. (Revised October 2007.)
    • September 2024
    • Exercise

    Assessing the Value of Unifying and De-Duplicating Customer Data

    By: Elie Ofek and Hema Yoganarasimhan
    This exercise provides an opportunity for students to gain hands on experience with assessing the value of unifying various customer databases that a firm may have (e.g., across the different brands it markets) and of properly identifying customers to avoid duplication... View Details
    Keywords: Customer Relationship Management; Measurement and Metrics; Analytics and Data Science; Value
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    Ofek, Elie, and Hema Yoganarasimhan. "Assessing the Value of Unifying and De-Duplicating Customer Data." Harvard Business School Exercise 525-023, September 2024.
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