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      Social Performance MeasurementRemove Social Performance Measurement →

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      • July 1990 (Revised October 1999)
      • Case

      Nordstrom: Dissension in the Ranks? (A)

      By: Robert L. Simons and Hilary Weston
      In 1989, the performance measurement systems and compensation policies of Nordstrom Department Stores unexpectedly came under attack by employees, unions, and government regulators. The case describes the "sales-per-hour" monitoring and compensation system that many... View Details
      Keywords: Performance Consistency; Performance Evaluation; Compensation and Benefits; Motivation and Incentives; Labor Unions; Salesforce Management; Retention; Growth and Development; Industrial Products Industry; Utilities Industry
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      Simons, Robert L., and Hilary Weston. "Nordstrom: Dissension in the Ranks? (A)." Harvard Business School Case 191-002, July 1990. (Revised October 1999.)
      • spring 1990
      • Article

      Testing the Optimality of a Performance Evaluation Measure for a Gainsharing Contract

      By: S. Datar, R. Banker and M. Mazur
      Keywords: Performance; Measurement and Metrics; Contracts
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      Datar, S., R. Banker, and M. Mazur. "Testing the Optimality of a Performance Evaluation Measure for a Gainsharing Contract." Contemporary Accounting Research 6, no. 2 (spring 1990): 809–824.
      • March 1990 (Revised June 1993)
      • Case

      Analog Devices, Inc.: The Half-Life System

      By: Robert S. Kaplan
      The company has committed to major improvements in quality, cost, and on-time delivery performance. Despite strong senior management support, however, the actual rate of improvement was disappointing until a new measurement philosophy was introduced. The new approach... View Details
      Keywords: Quality; Performance Improvement; Earnings Management; Financial Reporting; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Performance Productivity; Business or Company Management; Cost Management; Measurement and Metrics; Management Teams; Semiconductor Industry
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      Kaplan, Robert S. "Analog Devices, Inc.: The Half-Life System." Harvard Business School Case 190-061, March 1990. (Revised June 1993.)
      • March 1990 (Revised May 1993)
      • Case

      USSR--1990

      By: Willis M. Emmons III
      Describes the political, economic, and social development of the USSR from 1921-90. Particular emphasis is placed on 1) institutional change, 2) the costs and benefits of central economic planning, and 3) the political economy of perestroika under Mikhail Gorbachev.... View Details
      Keywords: Country; Strategy; Cost vs Benefits; Change; Government and Politics; Russia
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      Emmons, Willis M., III. "USSR--1990." Harvard Business School Case 390-155, March 1990. (Revised May 1993.)
      • Article

      Measuring the Effectiveness of Competition in Defense Procurement: A Survey of the Empirical Literature

      By: James J. Anton and Dennis A. Yao
      This article surveys the literature that has attempted to measure competition's effects on defense procurement. The focus is on conceptual underpinnings of models rather than technical aspects of estimation procedures. While providing valuable insight, the models are... View Details
      Keywords: Performance Effectiveness; Competition; Surveys; Value; Economics; Forecasting and Prediction; Programs; Power and Influence; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques
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      Anton, James J., and Dennis A. Yao. "Measuring the Effectiveness of Competition in Defense Procurement: A Survey of the Empirical Literature." Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 9, no. 1 (Winter 1990): 60–79. (Harvard users click here for full text.)
      • 1990
      • Article

      Social Influences on Creativity: Evaluation, Coaction, and Surveillance

      By: T. M. Amabile, P. Goldfarb and S. C. Brackfield
      Two experiments examined the effects of evaluation expectation and the presence of others on creativity. In both experiments, some subjects expected that their work would be evaluated by experts, and others expected no evaluation. Evaluation expectation was crossed, in... View Details
      Keywords: Creativity; Social Psychology; Situation or Environment; Motivation and Incentives; Performance Evaluation
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      Amabile, T. M., P. Goldfarb, and S. C. Brackfield. "Social Influences on Creativity: Evaluation, Coaction, and Surveillance." Creativity Research Journal 3 (1990): 6–21.
      • October 1989 (Revised October 1992)
      • Case

      Smoke Wars: The Case for and Against the Cigarette Industry

      By: V. Kasturi Rangan
      Describes the arguments for and against the tobacco industry. With the per capita demand for cigarettes steadily declining by 2% to 3% every year, the tobacco companies have been using various approaches to stem the tide. Many such moves, however, have come under... View Details
      Keywords: Debates; Marketing Strategy; Demand and Consumers; Performance; Social Issues; Consumer Products Industry
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      Rangan, V. Kasturi. "Smoke Wars: The Case for and Against the Cigarette Industry." Harvard Business School Case 590-040, October 1989. (Revised October 1992.)
      • June 1989 (Revised May 1993)
      • Case

      Fairfield Inn (A)

      By: James L. Heskett
      The Fairfield Inn, an economy hotel venture by the Marriott Corp., has developed a novel method for selecting and measuring the performance of its hotel personnel that fits the company's strategy. Because it faces the need to grow rapidly, questions have arisen as to... View Details
      Keywords: Selection and Staffing; Innovation and Invention; Growth and Development Strategy; Franchise Ownership; Performance Evaluation; Corporate Strategy; Accommodations Industry
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      Heskett, James L. "Fairfield Inn (A)." Harvard Business School Case 689-092, June 1989. (Revised May 1993.)
      • 1989
      • Book

      Growing Up Creative

      By: T. M. Amabile
      Keywords: Creativity; Early Childhood Education; Learning; Teaching; Training; Social Psychology; Personal Characteristics; Motivation and Incentives; Performance; Cognition and Thinking
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      Amabile, T. M. Growing Up Creative. New York: Crown, 1989.
      • Article

      Storytelling: A Method for Assessing Children's Creativity

      By: B. A. Hennessey and T. M. Amabile
      Keywords: Creativity; Measurement and Metrics; Early Childhood Education; Research; Performance Evaluation
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      Hennessey, B. A., and T. M. Amabile. "Storytelling: A Method for Assessing Children's Creativity." Journal of Creative Behavior 22, no. 4 (December 1988): 235–246.
      • November 1987 (Revised April 2017)
      • Teaching Note

      Polysar Limited

      By: Robert Simons
      Teaching Note for (9-187-098). View Details
      Keywords: Management Control Systems; Strategy And Execution; Performance Measurement; Variance Analysis; Profit Management; Canada
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      Simons, Robert. "Polysar Limited." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 187-198, November 1987. (Revised April 2017.)
      • March 1987 (Revised October 1993)
      • Case

      Au Bon Pain: The French Bakery Cafe, The Partner/Manager Program

      By: W. Earl Sasser
      In recent years, Au Bon Pain (ABP), a chain of upscale French bakeries/sandwich cafes based in Boston, confronted a set of human resource problems endemic to the fast food industry (i.e., a labor shortage which made it difficult to attract and maintain quality crew... View Details
      Keywords: Motivation and Incentives; Managerial Roles; Retention; Employees; Performance Improvement; Recruitment; Problems and Challenges; Compensation and Benefits; Food and Beverage Industry; Service Industry; Boston
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      Sasser, W. Earl. "Au Bon Pain: The French Bakery Cafe, The Partner/Manager Program." Harvard Business School Case 687-063, March 1987. (Revised October 1993.)
      • February 1987 (Revised February 2000)
      • Case

      Polysar Limited

      By: Robert L. Simons
      Canada's largest chemical company produces and markets butyl rubber in two divisions, each treated as a profit center. The new plant in the North American Division operates below capacity resulting in a significant volume variance and an operating loss. The European... View Details
      Keywords: Loss; Profit; Financial Management; Volume; Performance Capacity; Financial Statements; For-Profit Firms; Market Participation; Chemical Industry; Rubber Industry; Canada
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      Simons, Robert L. "Polysar Limited." Harvard Business School Case 187-098, February 1987. (Revised February 2000.)
      • 1986
      • Chapter

      Doing Well While Doing Good: Dilemmas of Performance Measurement in Nonprofit Organizations and the Need for a Multiple Constituency Approach

      By: R. M. Kanter
      Keywords: Nonprofit Organizations; Performance Evaluation; Performance Productivity
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      Kanter, R. M. "Doing Well While Doing Good: Dilemmas of Performance Measurement in Nonprofit Organizations and the Need for a Multiple Constituency Approach." In Handbook of Nonprofit Organizations, edited by W. Powell and P. DiMaggio. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986.
      • January 1986
      • Article

      Social Influences on Creativity: The Effects of Contracted-For Reward

      By: T. M. Amabile, B. A. Hennessey and B. S. Grossman
      Three studies, with 195 5–11 yr olds and 60 female undergraduates, tested the hypothesis that explicitly contracting to do an activity in order to receive a reward would have negative effects on creativity, but receiving no reward or only a noncontracted-for reward... View Details
      Keywords: Social Psychology; Creativity; Motivation and Incentives; Situation or Environment
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      Amabile, T. M., B. A. Hennessey, and B. S. Grossman. "Social Influences on Creativity: The Effects of Contracted-For Reward." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 50, no. 1 (January 1986): 14–23.
      • February 1985
      • Article

      Motivation and Creativity: Effects of Motivational Orientation on Creative Writers

      By: T. M. Amabile
      72 members of the college community who identified themselves as actively involved in creative writing participated in individual laboratory sessions, in which they were asked to write 2 brief poems, to investigate the hypothesis that intrinsic motivation is conducive... View Details
      Keywords: Social Psychology; Creativity; Motivation and Incentives; Performance; Personal Characteristics; Situation or Environment
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      Amabile, T. M. "Motivation and Creativity: Effects of Motivational Orientation on Creative Writers." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 48, no. 2 (February 1985): 393–399.
      • winter 1985
      • Article

      The Nonpecuniary Costs of Automobile Emissions Standards

      By: Timothy F. Bresnahan and Dennis Yao
      An important component of the costs of automotive air-pollution control has been nonpecuniary: a decline in vehicle performance characteristics. This regulatory impact on what the auto industry calls "drivability" has never been quantified, although there is... View Details
      Keywords: Transportation; Pollutants; Cost; Standards; Performance; Quality; Auto Industry
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      Bresnahan, Timothy F., and Dennis Yao. "The Nonpecuniary Costs of Automobile Emissions Standards." RAND Journal of Economics 16, no. 4 (winter 1985): 437–455. ((reprinted in W. Harrington and V. McConnell (eds.) Controlling Automobile Air Pollution, 2007) Harvard users click here for full text.)
      • May 1984 (Revised May 1989)
      • Case

      Cleveland Twist Drill (B)

      By: Richard G. Hamermesh
      Describes events at Cleveland Twist Drill between April 1982 and February 1983. Jim Bartlett's approach to the union and the implementation of the "move strategy" are described. Students are asked to evaluate these actions and to develop plans for dealing with current... View Details
      Keywords: History; Management Style; Leadership Style; Standards; Power and Influence
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      Hamermesh, Richard G. "Cleveland Twist Drill (B)." Harvard Business School Case 384-163, May 1984. (Revised May 1989.)
      • October 1983
      • Article

      Measuring Manufacturing Performance: A New Challenge for Management Accounting Research

      By: Robert S. Kaplan
      Keywords: Measurement and Metrics; Problems and Challenges; Accounting; Research; Performance
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      Kaplan, Robert S. "Measuring Manufacturing Performance: A New Challenge for Management Accounting Research." Accounting Review 58 (October 1983): 686–705.
      • April 1983 (Revised June 2003)
      • Case

      Shouldice Hospital Limited

      By: James L. Heskett
      Various proposals are set forth for expanding the capacity of the hospital. In assessing them, serious consideration has to be given to the culture of the organization and the importance of preserving it in a service delivery system. In addition to issues of capacity... View Details
      Keywords: Expansion; Health Care and Treatment; Performance Capacity; Organizational Culture; Service Delivery; Growth Management; Strategic Planning; Quality; Social Enterprise; Health Industry; Canada
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      Heskett, James L. "Shouldice Hospital Limited." Harvard Business School Case 683-068, April 1983. (Revised June 2003.)
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