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      Measurement and MetricsRemove Measurement and Metrics →

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      • March 2009
      • Article

      Applicant and Examiner Citations in U.S. Patents: An Overview and Analysis

      By: Juan Alcacer, Michelle Gittelman and Bhaven Sampat
      Prior art patent citations have become a popular measure of patent quality and knowledge flow between firms. Interpreting these measurements is complicated, in some cases, because prior art citations are added by patent examiners as well as by patent applicants. The... View Details
      Keywords: Citations; Patents; Knowledge Sharing; Measurement and Metrics; Quality; United States
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      Alcacer, Juan, Michelle Gittelman, and Bhaven Sampat. "Applicant and Examiner Citations in U.S. Patents: An Overview and Analysis." Research Policy 38, no. 2 (March 2009): 415–427.
      • 2008
      • Chapter

      Conceptual Foundations of the Balanced Scorecard

      By: Robert S. Kaplan

      David Norton and I introduced the Balanced Scorecard in a 1992 Harvard Business Review article. The article was based on a multi-company research project that studied performance measurement in companies whose intangible assets played a central role in value... View Details

      Keywords: Balanced Scorecard; Management Systems; Measurement and Metrics; Performance Improvement; Strategy
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      Kaplan, Robert S. "Conceptual Foundations of the Balanced Scorecard." Chap. 1.03 in Handbook of Management Accounting Research. Vol. 3, edited by Christopher Chapman, Anthony Hopwood, and Michael Shields. Elsevier, 2008.
      • Article

      How Well Do Social Ratings Actually Measure Corporate Social Responsibility?

      By: Aaron K. Chatterji, David I. Levine and Michael W. Toffel
      Ratings of corporations' environmental activities and capabilities influence billions of dollars of "socially responsible" investments as well as some consumers, activists, and potential employees. In one of the first studies to assess these ratings, we examine how... View Details
      Keywords: Governance Compliance; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Measurement and Metrics; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Performance Effectiveness; Natural Environment; Pollutants
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      Chatterji, Aaron K., David I. Levine, and Michael W. Toffel. "How Well Do Social Ratings Actually Measure Corporate Social Responsibility?" Journal of Economics & Management Strategy 18, no. 1 (Spring 2009): 125–169.
      • February 2009 (Revised December 2009)
      • Case

      eReading: Amazon's Kindle

      By: Bharat N. Anand, Peter W. Olson Esq. and Mary Tripsas
      In November 2007, Amazon introduced the Kindle, the first electronic reader with wireless functionality. The case describes the launch of the Kindle and provides information on representative players in the industry (or broader ecosystem) who are likely to be affected... View Details
      Keywords: Books; Disruptive Innovation; Technological Innovation; Industry Structures; Standards; Distribution Channels; Competitive Strategy; Publishing Industry
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      Anand, Bharat N., Peter W. Olson Esq., and Mary Tripsas. "eReading: Amazon's Kindle." Harvard Business School Case 709-486, February 2009. (Revised December 2009.)
      • February 2009 (Revised March 2013)
      • Case

      Messer Griesheim (A)

      By: Josh Lerner, Ann-Kristin Achleitner, Eva Lutz and Kerry Herman
      In 2001, Allianz Capital Partners and Goldman Sachs acquired a majority stake in Messer Griesheim, a European industrial gas concern held by Hoechst. The dealmakers faced several challenges, including delicate corporate governance issues due to partial family ownership... View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Restructuring; Venture Capital; Private Equity; Corporate Governance; Family Ownership; Chemical Industry; Industrial Products Industry; Europe
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      Lerner, Josh, Ann-Kristin Achleitner, Eva Lutz, and Kerry Herman. "Messer Griesheim (A)." Harvard Business School Case 809-056, February 2009. (Revised March 2013.)
      • February 2009 (Revised March 2013)
      • Supplement

      Messer Griesheim (B)

      By: Josh Lerner, Ann-Kristin Achleitner, Eva Lutz and Kerry Herman
      In 2001, Allianz Capital Partners and Godlman Sachs acquired a majority stake in Messer Greisheim, a European industrial gas concern held by Hoeschst. The dealmakers faced several challenges, including delicate corporate governance issues due to partial family... View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Private Equity; Stock Options; Stock Shares; Corporate Governance; Governance Controls; Family Ownership; Problems and Challenges; Energy Industry; Europe
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      Lerner, Josh, Ann-Kristin Achleitner, Eva Lutz, and Kerry Herman. "Messer Griesheim (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 809-057, February 2009. (Revised March 2013.)
      • February 2009 (Revised June 2019)
      • Case

      Cleveland Clinic: Transformation and Growth 2015

      By: Michael E. Porter and Elizabeth O. Teisberg
      The Cleveland Clinic's health care services are internationally renowned for quality. In 2008, The Clinic began to restructure the organization into teams defined around patient needs, rather than traditional medical specialties. "Patients First!" takes shape as the... View Details
      Keywords: Health; Health Care Operations; Health Care Quality; Health Care; Strategy And Leadership; Strategy Development; Health Care and Treatment; Leading Change; Goals and Objectives; Growth and Development Strategy; Measurement and Metrics; Service Delivery; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Outcome or Result; Health Industry; Cleveland
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      Porter, Michael E., and Elizabeth O. Teisberg. "Cleveland Clinic: Transformation and Growth 2015." Harvard Business School Case 709-473, February 2009. (Revised June 2019.)
      • Article

      A Blueprint for Pharmacy Benefits Managers to Increase Value

      By: William Shrank, Michael E. Porter, Sachin H. Jain and Niteesh K. Choudhary
      Pharmacy benefits managers (PBMs) have a unique opportunity to promote public health and generate value in the healthcare system. However, PBMs are largely evaluated on their ability to control costs rather than improve health. PBMs should be evaluated along three... View Details
      Keywords: Opportunities; Health; System; Cost Management; Partners and Partnerships; Motivation and Incentives; Value; Innovation and Invention; Performance Effectiveness; Health Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Shrank, William, Michael E. Porter, Sachin H. Jain, and Niteesh K. Choudhary. "A Blueprint for Pharmacy Benefits Managers to Increase Value." American Journal of Managed Care 15, no. 2 (February 2009).
      • 2009
      • Chapter

      Identity as a Variable

      By: Rawi Abdelal, Yoshiko M. Herrera, Alastair Iain Johnston and Rose McDermott
      Keywords: Identity; Measurement and Metrics; Mathematical Methods
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      Abdelal, Rawi, Yoshiko M. Herrera, Alastair Iain Johnston, and Rose McDermott. "Identity as a Variable." In Measuring Identity, edited by Rawi Abdelal, Yoshiko M. Herrera, Alastair Iain Johnston, and Rose McDermott, 17–32. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
      • 2009
      • Book

      Measuring Identity

      By: Rawi Abdelal, Yoshiko M. Herrera, Alastair Iain Johnston and Rose McDermott
      Keywords: Measurement and Metrics; Identity
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      Abdelal, Rawi, Yoshiko M. Herrera, Alastair Iain Johnston, and Rose McDermott, eds. Measuring Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.
      • May 2009
      • Article

      Asymmetric Information Effects on Loan Spreads

      By: Victoria Ivashina
      The paper estimates the cost arising from information asymmetry between the lead bank and members of the lending syndicate. In a lending syndicate, the lead bank retains only a fraction of the loan but acts as the intermediary between the borrower and the syndicate... View Details
      Keywords: Cost; Banks and Banking; Financing and Loans; Interest Rates; Capital; Investment Portfolio; Credit; Diversification; Risk and Uncertainty
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      Ivashina, Victoria. "Asymmetric Information Effects on Loan Spreads." Journal of Financial Economics 92, no. 2 (May 2009): 300–319.
      • 2009
      • Chapter

      On the General Relativity of Fiscal Language

      By: Jerry R. Green and Lawrence Kotlikoff
      A century ago, everyone thought time and distance were well defined physical concepts. But neither proved absolute. Instead, measures/reports of time and distance were found to depend on one's reference point, specifically one's direction and speed of travel, making... View Details
      Keywords: Economics; Finance; Labels; Measurement and Metrics
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      Green, Jerry R., and Lawrence Kotlikoff. "On the General Relativity of Fiscal Language." In Institutional Foundations of Public Finance, edited by Alan J. Auerbach and Daniel Shaviro. Harvard University Press, 2009.
      • January 2009
      • Article

      Team Familiarity, Role Experience, and Performance: Evidence from Indian Software Services

      By: Robert S. Huckman, Bradley R. Staats and David M. Upton
      Much of the literature on team learning views experience as a unidimensional concept captured by the cumulative production volume of, or the number of projects completed by, a team. Implicit in this approach is the assumption that teams are stable in their membership... View Details
      Keywords: Experience and Expertise; Learning; Performance Improvement; Projects; Groups and Teams; Familiarity; Information Technology Industry; India
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      Huckman, Robert S., Bradley R. Staats, and David M. Upton. "Team Familiarity, Role Experience, and Performance: Evidence from Indian Software Services." Management Science 55, no. 1 (January 2009): 85–100.
      • 2008
      • Other Unpublished Work

      Are Private Equity Firms Better Managed?

      By: Nicholas Bloom, Raffaella Sadun and John Van Reenen
      We use an innovative survey tool to collect management practice data from over 4,000 medium sized manufacturing firms across Asia, Europe and the US. These measures of managerial practice are strongly associated with firm-level performance (e.g. productivity,... View Details
      Keywords: Private Equity; Management Practices and Processes; Production; Performance Improvement; Manufacturing Industry; Asia; Europe; United States
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      Bloom, Nicholas, Raffaella Sadun, and John Van Reenen. "Are Private Equity Firms Better Managed?" December 2008. (Slides.)
      • December 2008
      • Article

      Corporate Governance and Agency Conflicts

      By: Aiyesha Dey
      I investigate whether corporate governance is associated with the level of agency conflicts in firms. I employ exploratory principal components analysis on 22 individual governance variables to obtain seven factors that represent the different dimensions of governance... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Governance; Agency Theory
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      Dey, Aiyesha. "Corporate Governance and Agency Conflicts." Journal of Accounting Research 46, no. 5 (December 2008): 1143–1181.
      • 2008
      • Chapter

      Corporate Honesty and Business Education: A Behavioral Model

      By: Rakesh Khurana and Herbert Gintis
      Since the mid-1970s neoclassical economic theory has dominated business school thinking and teaching in dealing with the nature of human motivation. However valuable in understanding competitive product and financial markets, neoclassical economic theory employs an... View Details
      Keywords: Business Education; Ethics; Managerial Roles; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Organizational Culture; Business and Shareholder Relations; Mathematical Methods; Behavior
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      Khurana, Rakesh, and Herbert Gintis. "Corporate Honesty and Business Education: A Behavioral Model." In Moral Markets: The Critical Role of Values in the Economy, edited by Paul J. Zak. Princeton University Press, 2008.
      • 2008
      • Working Paper

      International Financial Integration and Entrepreneurial Firm Activity

      By: Laura Alfaro and Andrew Charlton
      We explore the relation between international financial integration and the level of entrepreneurial activity in a country. We use a unique firm-level data set in a broad sample of developed and developing countries, which enables us to present both cross-country and... View Details
      Keywords: International Financial Integration; Capital Mobility; Firm Entry; Capital Controls; Finance; Integration; Global Range; Capital; Entrepreneurship; Foreign Direct Investment; Developing Countries and Economies
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      Alfaro, Laura, and Andrew Charlton. "International Financial Integration and Entrepreneurial Firm Activity." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 07-012, August 2006. (Also NBER Working Paper No. 13118. NBER Working Paper Series, No. 13118, May 2007)
      • 2008
      • Working Paper

      Resolving Information Asymmetries in Markets: The Role of Certified Management Programs

      By: Michael W. Toffel
      Firms and regulators are increasingly relying on voluntary mechanisms to signal and infer quality of difficult-to-observe management practices. Prior evaluations of voluntary management programs have focused on those that lack verification mechanisms and have found... View Details
      Keywords: Management Practices and Processes; Information; Standards; Performance Improvement; Programs; Environmental Sustainability; Manufacturing Industry; United States
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      Toffel, Michael W. "Resolving Information Asymmetries in Markets: The Role of Certified Management Programs." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 07-023, December 2008. (October 2006.)
      • 06 Nov 2008
      • Conference Presentation

      Quality Management & Job Quality: How ISO 9001 Affects Employees & Employers

      By: Michael W. Toffel
      Keywords: Management; Employees; Quality; Standards
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      Toffel, Michael W. "Quality Management & Job Quality: How ISO 9001 Affects Employees & Employers." Paper presented at the Workshop on Empirical Research in Operations Management, November 06, 2008.
      • October 2008 (Revised August 2009)
      • Case

      Subprime Crisis and Fair-Value Accounting

      By: Paul M. Healy, Krishna G. Palepu and George Serafeim
      This case examines the challenges in implementing fair value accounting for mortgage instruments, the role of accounting in the sub-prime crisis, and proposals for revising accounting standards given the crisis. View Details
      Keywords: Fair Value Accounting; Financial Crisis; Debt Securities; Mortgages; Standards
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      Healy, Paul M., Krishna G. Palepu, and George Serafeim. "Subprime Crisis and Fair-Value Accounting." Harvard Business School Case 109-031, October 2008. (Revised August 2009.)
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