• August 2020 (Revised May 2021)
• Case

PayPal: The Next Chapter

By: Michael Porter, Mark Kramer and Annelena Lobb

Can a social purpose and stakeholder capitalism confer a powerful competitive advantage in the age of COVID-19? For PayPal, the answer is yes. After spinning off from eBay in a 2015 IPO, the company declared its purpose as "democratizing financial services" by ensuring... View Details

Keywords: Mission and Purpose; Finance; Business and Stakeholder Relations; Social Entrepreneurship; Competitive Advantage; Financial Services Industry

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Porter, Michael, Mark Kramer, and Annelena Lobb. "PayPal: The Next Chapter." Harvard Business School Case 721-378, August 2020. (Revised May 2021.)

• Web

Placement - Doctoral

Three Essays on Cost-benefit Trade-offs in Individual and Organizational Decision-Making Advisors: Michael I. Norton , Leslie K. John , Elizabeth Keenan , and Joachim Vosgerau 2022 Serena Hagerty Marketing, 2022 Placement: University of... View Details

• 09 Aug 2024
• Blog Post

Addressing Inequities in Education: Social Enterprise Summer Fellow Amal Tariq (MBA 2025)

in public education across the United States, but also because of the community element of the Education Pioneers fellowship. The fellowship has connected me with a supportive and diverse group of individuals and mentors both in DC and... View Details

• Research Summary

Portfolio Betas Do Not Make for Better Asset Pricing Tests

Many papers claim that because using portfolios instead of individual stocks as test assets minimizes idiosyncratic volatility, their use also yields more precise estimates of risk premia.  I show that while portfolio formation does lead to more efficient beta... View Details

• November 1992 (Revised April 1995)
• Case

Advertising Council Earth Share Campaign: Strategy, Execution, and Final Campaign

By: V. Kasturi Rangan and Jayne D. Kramer

In the several years preceding 1992, there had been a dramatic rise in the public's concern for environmental issues. Yet the Roper Organization reported that fewer than one in ten Americans made personal efforts to help solve environmental problems on a regular basis.... View Details

Keywords: Advertising Campaigns; Social Marketing; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Research; Environmental Sustainability; Welfare

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Rangan, V. Kasturi, and Jayne D. Kramer. "Advertising Council Earth Share Campaign: Strategy, Execution, and Final Campaign." Harvard Business School Case 593-062, November 1992. (Revised April 1995.)

• January 1989 (Revised February 1993)
• Case

Warner Cable (A)

The new general manager of Warner Cable's Medford, Massachusetts complex faces a number of turnaround challenges in 1985, including service deficiencies, customer complaints, high turnover, and low employee morale. By 1988 he has turned the situation around, but some... View Details

Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Management Style; Human Resources; Telecommunications Industry; Massachusetts

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Sonnenfeld, Jeffrey A. "Warner Cable (A)." Harvard Business School Case 489-092, January 1989. (Revised February 1993.)

• 2008
• Book

Gross National Happiness: Why Happiness Matters for America—and How We Can Get More of It

By: Arthur C. Brooks

Who are the happiest Americans? Surveys show that religious people think they are happier than secularists, and secularists think they are happier than religious people. Liberals believe they are happier than conservatives, and conservatives disagree. In fact, almost... View Details

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Brooks, Arthur C. Gross National Happiness: Why Happiness Matters for America—and How We Can Get More of It. New York: Basic Books, 2008.

• 01 Aug 2023
• What Do You Think?

As Leaders, Why Do We Continue to Reward A, While Hoping for B?

(iStockphoto/mikkelwilliam) Often the incentives we put in place to stimulate and reward performance produce unexpected behaviors. Causes vary from one individual to another, depending on what each of us values and what we are willing to... View Details

Keywords: by James Heskett

• 2025
• Working Paper

How Do Voters Respond to Cues by Charismatic Leaders? Evidence from Brazil

By: Paula Rettl

While elite-cue effects on public opinion are well-documented, questions remain as to when and why voters use elite cues to inform their opinions and behaviors. This study contributes to answer these questions by testing whether voters react to cues by charismatic... View Details

Keywords: Elites; Public Engagement; Politics; Political Affiliation; Political Campaigns; Political Influence; Political Leadership; Political Economy; Survey Research; COVID-19; COVID-19 Pandemic; COVID; Cognitive Psychology; Cognitive Biases; Political Elections; Voting; Power and Influence; Identity; Behavior; Latin America; Brazil

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Rettl, Paula. "How Do Voters Respond to Cues by Charismatic Leaders? Evidence from Brazil." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-022, October 2023. (Revised June 2025.)

• 2021
• Working Paper

Multi-location Workers in Multinational Firms? Tradeoffs in Contextual Specialization of Employees and Organizational Outcomes

By: Hise O. Gibson, Ryan W. Buell and Prithwiraj Choudhury

We study how “contextual specialization,” the act of focusing workers’ organizational tasks within a particular locational context, and “contextual non-specialization,” the practice of diversifying workers’ organizational tasks among multiple locational contexts,... View Details

Keywords: Talent and Talent Management; Performance; Experience and Expertise; Selection and Staffing; Strength and Weakness; Personal Development and Career

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Gibson, Hise O., Ryan W. Buell, and Prithwiraj Choudhury. "Multi-location Workers in Multinational Firms? Tradeoffs in Contextual Specialization of Employees and Organizational Outcomes." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 22-007, August 2021.