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Show Results For
- All HBS Web
(237)
- News (26)
- Research (200)
- Events (2)
- Multimedia (1)
- Faculty Publications (114)
- Web
Negotiation, Organizations & Markets - Faculty & Research
the Sustainable Development Goals , edited by Lucia A. Reisch and Cass R. Sunstein, 359–386. Cheltenham: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2025. Imagining the Future: Memory, Simulation and Beliefs By: Pedro Bordalo, Giovanni Burro, Katherine B.... View Details
- 2015
- Working Paper
Multi-Sided Platforms
By: Andrei Hagiu and Julian Wright
We study the economic tradeoffs that drive organizations to position themselves closer to or further away from a multi-sided platform (MSP) business model, relative to three traditional alternatives: vertically integrated firms, resellers or input suppliers. These... View Details
Hagiu, Andrei, and Julian Wright. "Multi-Sided Platforms." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 15-037, November 2014. (Revised March 2015.)
- November 2015
- Article
Multi-Sided Platforms
By: Andrei Hagiu and Julian Wright
We study the economic tradeoffs that drive organizations to position themselves closer to or further away from a multi-sided platform (MSP) business model, relative to three traditional alternatives: vertically integrated firms, resellers or input suppliers. These... View Details
Hagiu, Andrei, and Julian Wright. "Multi-Sided Platforms." International Journal of Industrial Organization 43 (November 2015): 162–174.
- 2019
- Chapter
Network Effects
By: Andrei Hagiu and David B. Yoffie
Network effects are a key economic and strategic phenomenon in 'new economy' industries. They can, but do not necessarily, lead to market tipping, unless they outweigh customers' benefits from differentiation and are accompanied by high switching and multi-homing... View Details
Keywords: Network Effects
Hagiu, Andrei, and David B. Yoffie. "Network Effects." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management. Continuously updated edition, edited by Mie Augier and David J. Teece. Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. Electronic. (Pre-published, October 2013.)
- 2009
- Chapter
Platform Rules: Multi-Sided Platforms As Regulators
By: Kevin J. Boudreau and Andrei Hagiu
This chapter provides a basic conceptual framework for interpreting non-price instruments used by multi-sided platforms (MSPs) by analogizing MSPs as "private regulators" who regulate access to and interactions around the platform. We present evidence on Facebook,... View Details
Boudreau, Kevin J., and Andrei Hagiu. "Platform Rules: Multi-Sided Platforms As Regulators." In Platforms, Markets and Innovation, edited by Annabelle Gawer. Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, 2009.
- October 2013
- Background Note
Multi-Sided Platforms: Foundations and Strategy
By: Andrei Hagiu
This note offers an analysis of four fundamental strategic decisions and associated tradeoffs that set MSPs apart from other types of businesses (e.g. product firms) and that every MSP entrepreneur and investor should carefully consider. In the last section I also... View Details
Hagiu, Andrei. "Multi-Sided Platforms: Foundations and Strategy." Harvard Business School Background Note 714-436, October 2013.
- 2024
- Working Paper
What Makes Players Pay? An Empirical Investigation of In-Game Lotteries
By: Tomomichi Amano and Andrey Simonov
In 2020, gamers spent more than $15 billion on loot boxes, lotteries of virtual items in video
games. Paid loot boxes are contentious. Game producers argue that loot boxes complement
the gameplay and expenditures on loot boxes reflect players’ enjoyment of the game.... View Details
Keywords: Consumer Behavior; Policy; Games, Gaming, and Gambling; Product Design; Ethics; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Video Game Industry
Amano, Tomomichi, and Andrey Simonov. "What Makes Players Pay? An Empirical Investigation of In-Game Lotteries." Columbia Business School Research Paper Series, No. 4355019, June 2024.
- January 2019
- Article
Bubbles for Fama
By: Robin Greenwood, Andrei Shleifer and Yang You
We evaluate Eugene Fama's claim that stock prices do not exhibit price bubbles. Based on U.S. industry returns 1926–2014 and international sector returns 1985–2014, we present four findings: (1) Fama is correct in that a sharp price increase of an industry portfolio... View Details
Keywords: Bubble; Market Efficiency; Predictability; Price Bubble; Stocks; Price; Forecasting and Prediction
Greenwood, Robin, Andrei Shleifer, and Yang You. "Bubbles for Fama." Journal of Financial Economics 131, no. 1 (January 2019): 20–43. (Internet Appendix Here.)
- November 2006 (Revised February 2007)
- Case
Microsoft Xbox: Changing the Game?
By: Andrei Hagiu
In September 1999, the Microsoft Xbox team was wondering which strategic choices would give it the best chance against the upcoming Sony PlayStation 2. Initially called "Project Midway" within Microsoft, the console project was intended to counter the perceived threat... View Details
Keywords: Customers; Recruitment; Leadership; Management Teams; Multi-Sided Platforms; Two-Sided Platforms; Production; Strategy; Competition; Expansion; Video Game Industry; Texas
Hagiu, Andrei. "Microsoft Xbox: Changing the Game?" Harvard Business School Case 707-501, November 2006. (Revised February 2007.)
- July 2008 (Revised January 2010)
- Case
PCCW now
By: Andrei Hagiu and Waishun Lo
In 2007, PCCW had to formulate a strategy for growth of its successful NOW TV platform and its quadruple play implementation outside of Hong Kong. Launched in September 2003 by PCCW (Hong Kong's largest telecommunications operator), NOW TV had swiftly become the... View Details
Keywords: Television Entertainment; Growth and Development Strategy; Multi-Sided Platforms; Technology Platform; Media and Broadcasting Industry; Telecommunications Industry; Hong Kong
Hagiu, Andrei, and Waishun Lo. "PCCW now." Harvard Business School Case 709-405, July 2008. (Revised January 2010.)
- 2009
- Working Paper
Strategic Interactions in Two-Sided Market Oligopolies
By: Emmanuel Farhi and Andrei Hagiu
Strategic interactions between two-sided platforms depend not only on whether their decision variables are strategic complements or substitutes as for one-sided firms, but also -and crucially so- on whether or not the platforms subsidize one side of the market in... View Details
Keywords: Two-Sided Markets; Strategic Complements; Strategic Substitutes; Cost; Investment; Profit; One-Sided Platforms; Two-Sided Platforms; Duopoly and Oligopoly; Competitive Advantage
Farhi, Emmanuel, and Andrei Hagiu. "Strategic Interactions in Two-Sided Market Oligopolies." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 08-011, August 2007. (Revised February 2009.)
- 2007
- Working Paper
Proprietary vs. Open Two-Sided Platforms and Social Efficiency
By: Andrei Hagiu
This paper identifies a fundamental economic welfare tradeoff between two-sided open platforms and two-sided proprietary (closed) platforms connecting consumers and producers. Proprietary platforms create two-sided deadweight losses through monopoly pricing but at the... View Details
Keywords: Two-Sided Markets; Platforms; Indirect Network Effects; Product Variety; Social Efficiency; Two-Sided Platforms; Network Effects; Welfare or Wellbeing
Hagiu, Andrei. "Proprietary vs. Open Two-Sided Platforms and Social Efficiency." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 07-095, May 2007.
- February 4, 2013
- Guest Column
How Facebook Can Totally Undermine Apple and Google in the Platform Games
By: Andrei Hagiu
Today, Facebook seems like the juggernaut crushing everything in its path, most recently Twitter's Vine app and Yandex's social app. And in its last quarter, Facebook's mobile usage surpassed its web usage—for the first time ever. This is important because Facebook has... View Details
Keywords: Technology Industry
Hagiu, Andrei. "How Facebook Can Totally Undermine Apple and Google in the Platform Games." Wired.com (February 4, 2013).
- April 2013
- Article
First-Party Content and Coordination in Two-Sided Markets
By: Andrei Hagiu and Daniel Spulber
The strategic use of first-party content by two-sided platforms is driven by two key factors: the nature of buyer and seller expectations (favorable versus unfavorable) and the nature of the relationship between first-party content and third-party content (complements... View Details
Keywords: Two-sided Platforms; Platform Strategy; Technology; Information Technology; Performance Expectations; Strategy; Digital Platforms
Hagiu, Andrei, and Daniel Spulber. "First-Party Content and Coordination in Two-Sided Markets." Management Science 59, no. 4 (April 2013): 933–949.
- June 2014 (Revised November 2014)
- Case
Investing in Online Marketplaces
By: Andrei Hagiu and Hermes Alvarez
Simon Rothman had recently been promoted from executive-in-residence to Partner at esteemed venture capital firm Greylock Partners and placed in charge of managing a $100 million early-stage fund commitment dedicated to online marketplaces. In Greylock's view, 2014 was... View Details
Keywords: Business Models; Competitive Advantage; Entrepreneurship; Internet; Investments; Networks; Technology; Venture Capital
Hagiu, Andrei, and Hermes Alvarez. "Investing in Online Marketplaces." Harvard Business School Case 714-520, June 2014. (Revised November 2014.)
- Web
Finance - Faculty & Research
Article Expectations of Returns and Expected Returns By: Robin Greenwood and Andrei Shleifer We analyze time-series of investor expectations of future stock market returns from six data sources between 1963 and 2011. The six measures of... View Details
- January 2015
- Article
Marketplace or Reseller?
By: Andrei Hagiu and Julian Wright
Intermediaries can choose between functioning as a marketplace (on which suppliers sell their products directly to buyers) or as a reseller (purchasing products from suppliers and selling them to buyers). We model this as a decision between whether control rights over... View Details
Hagiu, Andrei, and Julian Wright. "Marketplace or Reseller?" Management Science 61, no. 1 (January 2015): 184–203.
- 2009
- Working Paper
Capitalizing On Innovation: The Case of Japan
By: Robert Dujarric and Andrei Hagiu
Japan's industrial landscape is characterized by hierarchical forms of industry organization, which are increasingly inadequate in modern sectors, where innovation relies on platforms and horizontal ecosystems of firms producing complementary products. Using three... View Details
Keywords: Globalized Markets and Industries; Government Legislation; Innovation and Invention; Industry Structures; Horizontal Integration; Vertical Integration; Manufacturing Industry; Japan
Dujarric, Robert, and Andrei Hagiu. "Capitalizing On Innovation: The Case of Japan." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-114, April 2009. (Revised October 2009.)
- Web
Research - Behavioral Finance & Financial Stability
Research Research Invisible Primes: Fintech Lending with Alternative Data By: Marco Di Maggio , Dimuthu Ratnadiwakara & Don Carmichael MAR 2022 Will the use of alternative data to assess borrowers’ creditworthiness result in broader credit access? Using administrative... View Details
- August 2008 (Revised July 2011)
- Case
Consumer Payment Systems — United States
By: Benjamin Edelman and Andrei Hagiu
In 2008, the U.S. consumer payments landscape was characterized by the ongoing prevalence of credit and debit card networks, the decline of checks, the rise of stored value cards, and the growth of new payment methods such as PayPal, Bill Me Later, and decoupled debit.... View Details
Keywords: Borrowing and Debt; Financial Management; Personal Finance; Digital Platforms; Motivation and Incentives; Competitive Strategy; Internet and the Web; United States
Edelman, Benjamin, and Andrei Hagiu. "Consumer Payment Systems — United States." Harvard Business School Case 909-006, August 2008. (Revised July 2011.) (request a courtesy copy.)