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Show Results For
- All HBS Web
(2,683)
- People (1)
- News (524)
- Research (1,928)
- Events (11)
- Multimedia (3)
- Faculty Publications (987)
- 2023
- Working Paper
The Optimal Stock Valuation Ratio
By: Sebastian Hillenbrand and Odhrain McCarthy
Trailing price ratios, such as the price-dividend and the price-earnings ratio, scale prices by trailing cash flow measures. They theoretically contain expected returns, yet, their performance in predicting stock market returns is poor. This is because of an omitted... View Details
Keywords: Price; Investment Return; AI and Machine Learning; Valuation; Cash Flow; Forecasting and Prediction
Hillenbrand, Sebastian, and Odhrain McCarthy. "The Optimal Stock Valuation Ratio." Working Paper, November 2023.
- Article
Are Online and Offline Prices Similar? Evidence from Large Multi-Channel Retailers
By: Alberto Cavallo
Online prices are increasingly used for measurement and research applications, yet little is known about their relation to prices in physical stores, where most retail transactions occur. I conduct the first large-scale comparison of prices simultaneously collected... View Details
Keywords: Online Prices; Offline Prices; Multi-channel Retailers; Price; Internet and the Web; Measurement and Metrics; Retail Industry
Cavallo, Alberto. "Are Online and Offline Prices Similar? Evidence from Large Multi-Channel Retailers." American Economic Review 107, no. 1 (January 2017): 283–303.
- Research Summary
Do Appearances Matter? The Impact of EPS Accretion and Dilution on Stock Prices
There is a widespread concern among practitioners and corporate managers that transactions which result in changes in future earnings-per-share (EPS) have real effects on stock prices, irrespective of whether these changes reflect differences in future cash flows. As... View Details
- May 2018
- Article
Using Online Prices for Measuring Real Consumption Across Countries
By: Alberto Cavallo, Erwin Diewert, Robert C. Feenstra, Robert Inklaar and Marcel P. Timmer
We show that online prices can be used to construct quarterly purchasing power parities (PPPs) with a closely matched set of goods and identical methodologies in a variety of developed and developing countries. Our results are close to those reported by the... View Details
Keywords: Purchasing Power Parity; International Economy; Online Prices; Billion Prices Project; Economics; Macroeconomics; Price; Internet and the Web; Spending; Economy; Global Range; Measurement and Metrics
Cavallo, Alberto, Erwin Diewert, Robert C. Feenstra, Robert Inklaar, and Marcel P. Timmer. "Using Online Prices for Measuring Real Consumption Across Countries." AEA Papers and Proceedings 108 (May 2018): 483–487.
- September 2022 (Revised November 2022)
- Teaching Note
PittaRosso: Artificial Intelligence-Driven Pricing and Promotion
By: Ayelet Israeli
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 522-046. View Details
Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; Pricing; Pricing Algorithm; Pricing Decisions; Pricing Strategy; Pricing Structure; Promotion; Promotions; Online Marketing; Data-driven Decision-making; Data-driven Management; Retail; Retail Analytics; Price; Advertising Campaigns; Analytics and Data Science; Analysis; Digital Marketing; Budgets and Budgeting; Marketing Strategy; Transformation; Decision Making; AI and Machine Learning; Retail Industry; Italy
- 1984
- Working Paper
Earnings Variability and Variance Bounds Tests for Rationality of Stock Market Prices
By: Robert C. Merton and Terry A. Marsh
- Article
The Pitfalls of Pricing Algorithms: Be Mindful of How They Can Hurt Your Brand
By: Marco Bertini and Oded Koenigsberg
More and more companies are relying on pricing algorithms to maximize profits. The use of artificial intelligence and machine learning enables real-time price adjustments based on supply and demand, competitors’ activities, delivery schedules, and so forth. But... View Details
Keywords: Algorithmic Pricing; Dynamic Pricing; Price; Change; Information Technology; Brands and Branding; Perception; Consumer Behavior
Bertini, Marco, and Oded Koenigsberg. "The Pitfalls of Pricing Algorithms: Be Mindful of How They Can Hurt Your Brand." Harvard Business Review 99, no. 5 (September–October 2021): 74–83.
- January 2021
- Article
ETF Activity and Informational Efficiency of Underlying Securities
By: Lawrence Glosten, Suresh Nallareddy and Yuan Zou
This paper investigates the effect of exchange-traded funds’ (ETFs’) activity on the short-run informational efficiency of their underlying securities. We find that ETF activity increases short-run informational efficiency for stocks with weak information environments.... View Details
Glosten, Lawrence, Suresh Nallareddy, and Yuan Zou. "ETF Activity and Informational Efficiency of Underlying Securities." Management Science 67, no. 1 (January 2021): 22–47.
- October 2001 (Revised February 2007)
- Background Note
Accounting for Employee Stock Options
Employees who have been granted stock options have the right to purchase shares of their company's stock at a specified price within a specified time period. The accounting for such employee stock options has been a controversial and complex topic for decades. The... View Details
Bradshaw, Mark T. "Accounting for Employee Stock Options." Harvard Business School Background Note 102-039, October 2001. (Revised February 2007.)
- January 1978
- Article
Pooling vs. Purchase: The Effects of Accounting for Mergers on Stock Prices
By: Robert S. Kaplan, Hai Hong and Gershon Mandelker
Kaplan, Robert S., Hai Hong, and Gershon Mandelker. "Pooling vs. Purchase: The Effects of Accounting for Mergers on Stock Prices." Accounting Review 53 (January 1978): 31–47.
- 09 Mar 2021
- Working Paper Summaries
Stock Price Reactions to ESG News: The Role of ESG Ratings and Disagreement
- August 2001
- Article
The Geography of Investment: Informed Trading and Asset Prices
By: Joshua D. Coval and Tobias J. Moskowitz
Coval, Joshua D., and Tobias J. Moskowitz. "The Geography of Investment: Informed Trading and Asset Prices." Journal of Political Economy 109, no. 4 (August 2001).
- 25 Sep 2015
- Working Paper Summaries
Invest in Information or Wing It? A Model of Dynamic Pricing with Seller Learning
- December 2001
- Exercise
Exercise on Employee Stock Option Dilution
By: Brian J. Hall
Discusses the effects of option dilution on stock prices and shareholder value. To simplify the example and isolate the complexity of option dilution, we make a number of simplifying assumptions. View Details
Keywords: Stocks; Price; Employee Stock Ownership Plan; Business and Shareholder Relations; Complexity; Value
Hall, Brian J. "Exercise on Employee Stock Option Dilution." Harvard Business School Exercise 902-162, December 2001.
- 30 Nov 2016
- Working Paper Summaries
The Stock Market and Bank Risk-Taking
- June 1986
- Article
Dividend Variability and Variance Bounds Tests for the Rationality of Stock Market Prices
By: Robert C. Merton and Terry A. Marsh
Merton, Robert C., and Terry A. Marsh. "Dividend Variability and Variance Bounds Tests for the Rationality of Stock Market Prices." American Economic Review 76, no. 3 (June 1986): 483–498.
- Article
Trading Imbalances and the Law of One Price
By: Mark Seasholes and Clark Liu
We study trading and prices of Chinese (mainland)/Hong Kong dual-listed shares. Relative prices can diverge by a factor of two and exhibit significant variation over time. Order imbalances explain contemporaneous changes in relative prices at daily and weekly... View Details
Keywords: Law Of One Price; Cross-listings; Order Imbalances; Stock Shares; Price; Balance and Stability; Financial Markets; Financial Services Industry; Hong Kong; China
Seasholes, Mark, and Clark Liu. "Trading Imbalances and the Law of One Price." Economics Letters 112, no. 1 (July 2011): 132–134.
- March 2001
- Background Note
Extracting Information from the Futures and Forwards Markets: The Relation between Spot Prices, Forward Prices and Expected Future Spot Prices
Discounted cash flow valuation calls for using expected future prices of inputs or outputs. This case describes the relationship between spot prices, forward/future prices, and expected future prices. Knowing current forward and future prices alone is not enough to... View Details
Meulbroek, Lisa K. "Extracting Information from the Futures and Forwards Markets: The Relation between Spot Prices, Forward Prices and Expected Future Spot Prices." Harvard Business School Background Note 201-109, March 2001.
- 2025
- Working Paper
Street Earnings: Implications for Asset Pricing
By: Sebastian Hillenbrand and Odhrain McCarthy
To address the excess volatility puzzle – the excessive movements in stock prices – researchers often study movements in valuation ratios. However, we demonstrate that movements in valuation ratios based on fundamental measures with high transitory volatility, such as... View Details
Hillenbrand, Sebastian, and Odhrain McCarthy. "Street Earnings: Implications for Asset Pricing." Working Paper, June 2025.
- 1999
- Working Paper
Do Appearances Matter? The Impact of EPS Accretion and Dilution on Stock Prices
Andrade, Gregor. "Do Appearances Matter? The Impact of EPS Accretion and Dilution on Stock Prices." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 00-007, August 1999.