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- All HBS Web (388)
- Faculty Publications (234)
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- 2018
- Chapter
Between Economic Planning and Market Competition: International Law and Economics in the U.S.
By: Laura Phillips Sawyer
The impact of institutional economics in shaping the American regulatory tradition has largely been dismissed as an incoherent attack on the neoclassical economic paradigm. This essay briefly reconstructs the interwar institutionalist movement, exploring the... View Details
Keywords: Economics; History; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Business and Government Relations; United States
Phillips Sawyer, Laura. "Between Economic Planning and Market Competition: International Law and Economics in the U.S." In New Perspectives on the History of Political Economy, edited by Robert Fredona and Sophus A. Reinert, 349–374. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2018.
- 30 Nov 2016
- Op-Ed
Where Could More Regulation Help Small Businesses? Online Lending.
players tend to offer. The problem is that lending to small businesses falls through the regulatory cracks, specifically on borrower protections. As a case in point, safeguards such as the Truth in Lending Act afford consumers... View Details
- September 2008 (Revised April 2009)
- Supplement
Kevin Sharer at Amgen: Sustaining the High-Growth Company (B)
By: William W. George
Kevin Sharer, CEO of Amgen, is assessing the challenges he has faced as a major product came under regulatory scrutiny. View Details
Keywords: Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Leadership; Product Development; Biotechnology Industry
George, William W. "Kevin Sharer at Amgen: Sustaining the High-Growth Company (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 409-037, September 2008. (Revised April 2009.)
- September 2009
- Supplement
Consumer Lending in Japan: Citi CFJ (B)
By: J. Gunnar Trumbull and Akiko Kanno
As the regulatory environment for consumer lending evolves, CFJ has to decide how to respond. View Details
Keywords: Personal Finance; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Risk Management; Business and Government Relations; Banking Industry; Japan
Trumbull, J. Gunnar, and Akiko Kanno. "Consumer Lending in Japan: Citi CFJ (B)." Harvard Business School Supplement 710-018, September 2009.
- 24 Feb 2011
- Research & Ideas
What’s Government’s Role in Regulating Home Purchase Financing?
proposals, which would include the wind down of two government sponsored enterprises—Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Between them they generated more than half of all US mortgage credit before failing in September 2008. According to a new paper from Harvard researchers,... View Details
- August 2011
- Article
Coming Clean and Cleaning Up: Does Voluntary Self-Reporting Indicate Effective Self-Policing
By: Michael W. Toffel and Jodi L. Short
Regulatory agencies are increasingly establishing voluntary self-reporting programs both as an investigative tool and to encourage regulated firms to commit to policing themselves. We investigate whether voluntary self-reporting can reliably indicate effective... View Details
Keywords: Environmental Sustainability; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Programs; Governance Compliance; Corporate Disclosure; Law Enforcement
Toffel, Michael W., and Jodi L. Short. "Coming Clean and Cleaning Up: Does Voluntary Self-Reporting Indicate Effective Self-Policing." Journal of Law & Economics 54, no. 3 (August 2011): 609–649.
- September 2010
- Article
Making Self-Regulation More Than Merely Symbolic: The Critical Role of the Legal Environment
By: Jodi L. Short and Michael W. Toffel
Using data from a sample of U.S. industrial facilities subject to the federal Clean Air Act from 1993 to 2003, this article theorizes and tests the conditions under which organizations' symbolic commitments to self-regulate are particularly likely to result in improved... View Details
Keywords: Adoption; Code Law; Environmental Sustainability; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Organizations; Governance Compliance; Strategy; Motivation and Incentives; United States
Short, Jodi L., and Michael W. Toffel. "Making Self-Regulation More Than Merely Symbolic: The Critical Role of the Legal Environment." Administrative Science Quarterly 55, no. 3 (September 2010): 361–396. (Lead article; Featured in the Stanford Social Innovation Review (Summer 2011) and in Behind the scenes of the Administrative Science Quarterly.)
- April 2010 (Revised May 2012)
- Background Note
Note: Disclosure, Regulation, and Taxation of Hedge Funds versus Mutual Funds in the U.S.
By: Lena G. Goldberg, Robert C. Pozen and Melissa Anne Hammerle
This note provides students with an explanation of the regulatory and tax framework for hedge funds vs. mutual funds in the U.S. View Details
Keywords: Investment Funds; Corporate Disclosure; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Taxation; Financial Services Industry; United States
Goldberg, Lena G., Robert C. Pozen, and Melissa Anne Hammerle. "Note: Disclosure, Regulation, and Taxation of Hedge Funds versus Mutual Funds in the U.S." Harvard Business School Background Note 310-131, April 2010. (Revised May 2012.)
- May 2024
- Article
The Health Risks of Generative AI-Based Wellness Apps
By: Julian De Freitas and G. Cohen
Artifcial intelligence (AI)-enabled chatbots are increasingly being used to
help people manage their mental health. Chatbots for mental health and
particularly ‘wellness’ applications currently exist in a regulatory ‘gray area’.
Indeed, most generative AI-powered... View Details
Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Well-being; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Applications and Software
De Freitas, Julian, and G. Cohen. "The Health Risks of Generative AI-Based Wellness Apps." Nature Medicine 30, no. 5 (May 2024): 1269–1275.
- March 2021 (Revised December 2021)
- Supplement
Ant Financial (D)
By: Feng Zhu, Krishna G. Palepu, Kerry Herman and Susie Ma
The (D) case updates the case series from the time of Ant’s planned IPO, and the Chinese government’s regulatory shifts. View Details
Keywords: Finance; Information Technology; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Financial Services Industry; Technology Industry; China; Beijing
Zhu, Feng, Krishna G. Palepu, Kerry Herman, and Susie Ma. "Ant Financial (D)." Harvard Business School Supplement 621-089, March 2021. (Revised December 2021.)
- September 2012 (Revised September 2015)
- Case
Doing Business in India
By: Andy Zelleke, Felix Oberholzer-Gee and Saloni Chaturvedi
The case is set in August 2012—a time when India was undergoing policy stasis as several key reforms were stalled and the government faced allegations of misallocation of coal production licenses. The first part of the case provides a brief background on India's... View Details
- March 2012 (Revised February 2013)
- Background Note
The Hybrid Vehicle Market
By: Michael W. Toffel and Nazli Z. Uludere Aragon
This note describes the hybrid electic vehicle market, the results of different automaker strategies, and the environmental regulatory issues that can promote or inhibit market growth in the United States. Introduces students to the technologies and regulatory aspects... View Details
Keywords: Competitive Strategy; Environmental Sustainability; Product Development; Information Technology; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Auto Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Japan; United States
Toffel, Michael W., and Nazli Z. Uludere Aragon. "The Hybrid Vehicle Market." Harvard Business School Background Note 612-084, March 2012. (Revised February 2013.)
- February 2017
- Article
The Effect of Prohibiting Deal Protection on M&A Activity: Evidence from the United Kingdom
By: Fernán Restrepo and Guhan Subramanian
Since 2011, the UK has prohibited all deal protections—including termination fees—in M&A deals. Prior to 2011, the UK permitted termination fees up to 1% of deal value and there was no prohibition on other protection devices. We examine the effect of this regulatory... View Details
Restrepo, Fernán, and Guhan Subramanian. "The Effect of Prohibiting Deal Protection on M&A Activity: Evidence from the United Kingdom." Journal of Law & Economics 60, no. 1 (February 2017): 75–113.
- November 1995 (Revised November 1999)
- Case
National Power and the Privatization of the British Power Generation Industry
By: Willis M. Emmons III and Ed Simnett
The British government privatized the nation's electric utility sector in 1991 through a complex process involving the restructuring of the industry as well as the creation of a new regulatory oversight body. National Power plc, the largest of the privatized power... View Details
Keywords: Restructuring; Trade; Energy Generation; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Markets; Monopoly; Privatization; Opportunities; Diversification; Expansion; Energy Industry; Utilities Industry
Emmons, Willis M., III, and Ed Simnett. "National Power and the Privatization of the British Power Generation Industry." Harvard Business School Case 796-066, November 1995. (Revised November 1999.)
- 05 Jun 2019
- Research & Ideas
If Your Customers Don't Care What You Charge, What Should You Charge?
An estimated 60 percent of retail gasoline customers return to the same gas station to refuel, without comparison shopping, according to a recent study. Driven by factors such as habit, brand loyalty, switching costs, and search (which often leaves consumers unaware of... View Details
- January 2018
- Article
The Central and Unacknowledged Role of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in the Design and Execution of Medical Device Pivotal Trials
By: Aaron V. Kaplan and Ariel D. Stern
The introduction of new medical devices has transformed cardiovascular care in recent decades. Devices, such as heart valves, pacemakers, stents, ventricular assist devices, and implantable defibrillators, have prolonged and improved the quality of life for millions of... View Details
Keywords: Health Testing and Trials; Business and Government Relations; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Information Publishing; Medical Devices and Supplies Industry; United States
Kaplan, Aaron V., and Ariel D. Stern. "The Central and Unacknowledged Role of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in the Design and Execution of Medical Device Pivotal Trials." JAMA Cardiology 3, no. 1 (January 2018): 5–6.
- 2012
- Chapter
Environmental Federalism in the European Union and the United States
By: David Vogel, Michael W. Toffel, Diahanna Post and Nazli Z. Uludere Aragon
The United States (US) and the European Union (EU) are federal systems in which the responsibility for environmental policy-making is divided or shared between the central government and the (member) states. The attribution of decision-making power has important policy... View Details
Keywords: Natural Environment; Policy; Government and Politics; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; European Union; United States
Vogel, David, Michael W. Toffel, Diahanna Post, and Nazli Z. Uludere Aragon. "Environmental Federalism in the European Union and the United States." Chap. 11 in A Handbook of Globalisation and Environmental Policy. 2nd ed. Edited by Frank Wijen, Kees Zoeteman, Jan Pieters, and Paul van Seters, 321–361. Cheltenham, UK, 2012.
- December 1992 (Revised November 1993)
- Exercise
Negotiation Exercise on Tradeable Pollution Allowances: Group C, Utility #3
Describes the position of Utility #3 in negotiating Group C with respect to 1) its SO emissions reduction requirements; 2) the costs of its alternative compliance strategies; and 3) the nature of its state regulatory environment. View Details
Keywords: Negotiation Participants; Negotiation Process; Pollutants; Laws and Statutes; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Governance Compliance; Utilities Industry; United States
Emmons, Willis M., III. "Negotiation Exercise on Tradeable Pollution Allowances: Group C, Utility #3." Harvard Business School Exercise 793-083, December 1992. (Revised November 1993.)
- July 2000 (Revised April 2001)
- Case
Agricultural Biotechnology and its Regulation
In the United States, genetically modified corn and soybeans are now widely grown and consumed. In Europe, however, they have been dubbed "Frankenstein foods," shunned by packaged food manufacturers, and subjected to a host of governmental restrictions. This case... View Details
Keywords: Agribusiness; Genetics; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Corporate Strategy; Trade; Law; Goods and Commodities; Safety; Environmental Sustainability; Government and Politics; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Biotechnology Industry; Europe; United States
Reinhardt, Forest L. "Agricultural Biotechnology and its Regulation." Harvard Business School Case 701-004, July 2000. (Revised April 2001.)
- 12 Jul 2006
- Research & Ideas
Competition the Cure for Healthcare
D. Anderson Cancer Center, and Dartmouth Hitchcock Medical Center, which are moving toward results measurement and integrated practice unit structures. Reforming the U.S. system does not require a top down, big bang, government-led View Details