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- Faculty Publications (321)
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- All HBS Web (1,024)
- Faculty Publications (321)
- February 2010 (Revised April 2011)
- Case
The Political Economy of Carbon Trading
By: Forest L. Reinhardt, J. Gunnar Trumbull, Mikell Hyman, Patia McGrath and Nazli Zeynep Uludere
Global climate change is an increasingly prominent political and business problem. Design of market-based systems to reduce carbon emissions has proven difficult. More broadly, national attempts to comply with the provisions of the Kyoto Protocol present both... View Details
Keywords: Policy; International Relations; Risk Management; Agreements and Arrangements; Business and Government Relations; Natural Environment; Pollutants; Climate Change; Environmental Sustainability; Public Administration Industry
Reinhardt, Forest L., J. Gunnar Trumbull, Mikell Hyman, Patia McGrath, and Nazli Zeynep Uludere. "The Political Economy of Carbon Trading." Harvard Business School Case 710-056, February 2010. (Revised April 2011.)
- 02 Dec 2014
- Working Paper Summaries
International Trade, Multinational Activity, and Corporate Finance
Keywords: by C. Fritz Foley & Kalina Manova
- 2014
- Case
Tommy Koh and the United States–Singapore Free Trade Agreement (B)
By: James K. Sebenius and Laurence A. Green
This case details the efforts of Singapore Ambassador-At-Large Tommy Koh to forge a free trade agreement between Singapore and the United States following both nations' support for the initiation of negotiations on a USSFTA. Examining the various barriers and fronts of... View Details
Sebenius, James K., and Laurence A. Green. "Tommy Koh and the United States–Singapore Free Trade Agreement (B)." Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School Case, 2014.
- May 1990
- Article
Chartists, Fundamentalists, and Trading in the Foreign Exchange Market
By: J. Frankel and K. A. Froot
Keywords: Currencies; Exchange Rates; International Macroeconomics; Monetary Policy; Currency Controls; Fixed Exchange Rates; Floating Exchange Rates; Currency Bands; Currency Zones; Currency Areas; Rational Expectations; Asset Pricing
Frankel, J., and K. A. Froot. "Chartists, Fundamentalists, and Trading in the Foreign Exchange Market." American Economic Review 80, no. 2 (May 1990): 181–185. (Reprinted in New Developments in Exchange Rate Economics, edited by L. Sarno and M. Taylor. Edward Elgar, 2001; and in Speculation and Financial Markets, edited by M. Taylor and L. Gallagher. Edward Elgar, 2001.)
- March 2003 (Revised September 2004)
- Case
Worker Rights and Global Trade: The U.S.-Cambodia Bilateral Textile Trade Agreement
Examines the political and economic dimensions of the campaign to improve workers' rights around the world through the inclusion of labor standards in international trade agreements. The U.S.-Cambodia Textile Trade Agreement was the first agreement of its kind to link... View Details
Keywords: Trade; Agreements and Arrangements; Rights; Working Conditions; Globalization; Consumer Products Industry; Cambodia; United States
Abrami, Regina M. "Worker Rights and Global Trade: The U.S.-Cambodia Bilateral Textile Trade Agreement." Harvard Business School Case 703-034, March 2003. (Revised September 2004.)
- September 1989
- Article
Exchange Rate Pass-Through When Market Share Matters
By: K. A. Froot and P. Klemperer
Froot, K. A., and P. Klemperer. "Exchange Rate Pass-Through When Market Share Matters." American Economic Review 79, no. 4 (September 1989): 637–654. (Revised from NBER Working Paper No. 2542, October 1989.)
- July 1986
- Case
Nicaragua and the U.S. Trade Embargo
By: James E. Austin
Keywords: Developing Countries and Economies; Trade; Policy; International Relations; Nicaragua; United States
Austin, James E. "Nicaragua and the U.S. Trade Embargo." Harvard Business School Case 387-027, July 1986.
- 2014
- Case
Tommy Koh and the United States–Singapore Free Trade Agreement (A)
By: James K. Sebenius and Laurence A. Green
The efforts of Singapore Ambassador-At-Large Tommy Koh to negotiate the United States-Singapore Free Trade agreement are explored with an in-depth focus on Koh's management of various fronts of a multiparty negotiation over a sustained period. After briefly describing... View Details
Sebenius, James K., and Laurence A. Green. "Tommy Koh and the United States–Singapore Free Trade Agreement (A)." Program on Negotiation at Harvard Law School Case, 2014.
- 05 Aug 2016
- News
A Definitive Guide to the Brexit Negotiations
- 2019
- Working Paper
Labor Market Shocks and the Demand for Trade Protection: Evidence from Online Surveys
By: Rafael Di Tella and Dani Rodrik
We study preferences for government action in response to layoffs resulting from different types of labor-market shocks. We consider the following shocks: technological change, a demand shift, bad management, and three kinds of international outsourcing. Respondents... View Details
Di Tella, Rafael, and Dani Rodrik. "Labor Market Shocks and the Demand for Trade Protection: Evidence from Online Surveys." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 25705, March 2019.
- 2009
- Chapter
Constructivism as an Approach to International Political Economy
By: Rawi Abdelal
This Handbook gives an overview of the range and scope of International Political Economy (IPE) scholarship by mapping the different regional schools of IPE and noting the distinctive way IPE is practiced and conceptualized around the world. The Handbook examines, in a... View Details
Keywords: Development Economics; Trade; Higher Education; Globalized Economies and Regions; Government and Politics
Abdelal, Rawi. "Constructivism as an Approach to International Political Economy." In Handbook of International Political Economy, edited by Mark Blyth, 57–71. London: Routledge, 2009.
- April 1999
- Article
Diversification Strategies of British Trading Companies: Harrisons & Crosfield c1900-c1980
By: G. Jones and Judith Wale
This article examines the diversification strategies and organisational competencies of Harrisons & Crosfield, a British-based multinational, between 1900 and 1980. There is an accumulating body of case study evidence on the historical evolution of British... View Details
Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Diversification; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Competency and Skills; Great Britain
Jones, G., and Judith Wale. "Diversification Strategies of British Trading Companies: Harrisons & Crosfield c1900-c1980." Business History 41, no. 2 (April 1999): 69–101.
- 01 Aug 2018
- What Do You Think?
Are Free Trade and Free Markets Quaint Ideas From the Past?
US domestic policy choices and political priorities.” GeorgeO teed up the issue of the relative power of various constituencies by asking about the purpose of international trade. “At its core the trade... View Details
Keywords: by James Heskett
- 13 Aug 2020
- Blog Post
The U.S. Job Search for International Students
International students make up 37% of the Class of 2023. While some of these students will return to their home country or region to work after graduating, many choose to accept a full-time role in the United States. Whatever career path... View Details
- October 1995
- Article
Start-ups, Spin-offs, and Internal Projects
By: James J. Anton and Dennis Yao
We examine the incentive problem confronting a firm and employee when the employee privately discovers a significant invention and faces a choice between keeping the invention private and leaving the firm to form a new company (start-up), or transferring knowledge and... View Details
Keywords: Business Startups; Projects; Motivation and Incentives; Rights; Employees; Innovation and Invention; Compensation and Benefits; Knowledge Sharing; Capital; Profit
Anton, James J., and Dennis Yao. "Start-ups, Spin-offs, and Internal Projects." Journal of Law, Economics & Organization 11, no. 2 (October 1995): 362–378. (Harvard users click here for full text.)
- March 2011
- Teaching Note
The Political Economy of Carbon Trading (TN)
Teaching Note for 710056. View Details
- 02 Apr 2009
- Working Paper Summaries
The Flattening Firm and Product Market Competition: The Effect of Trade Liberalization
Keywords: by Maria Guadalupe & Julie M. Wulf
- March 2003 (Revised June 2003)
- Case
International Securities Exchange, The: New Ground in Options Markets
This case examines the equity options market and studies the major parties involved and the options trading process. It takes an in-depth look at the path taken by the International Securities Exchange as it entered a mature exchange industry and transformed itself... View Details
Chacko, George C., and Eli Strick. "International Securities Exchange, The: New Ground in Options Markets." Harvard Business School Case 203-063, March 2003. (Revised June 2003.)
- 2025
- Working Paper
Navigating Choppy Waters: How U.S. Trade Policy Uncertainty Affects Small Businesses
By: David Atkin, Zoë Cullen and Ebehi Iyoha
This paper explores the impact of recent changes in the US trade policy environment
on small businesses. Drawing on a survey of more than 4,000 small businesses conducted
between March 22 and 31, 2025, we examine firms’ knowledge, expectations, and
decisions during... View Details
Keywords: Trade; Risk and Uncertainty; Government Legislation; Globalization; International Relations; Small Business
Atkin, David, Zoë Cullen, and Ebehi Iyoha. "Navigating Choppy Waters: How U.S. Trade Policy Uncertainty Affects Small Businesses." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-048, April 2025.
- March 2005 (Revised July 2006)
- Case
Celtel International B.V.: June 2004 (A)
By: G. Felda Hardymon and Ann Leamon
Depicts the options facing Mohammed Ibrahim, founder and chairman of Celtel International, the largest pan African wireless telecommunications provider, as he tries to position his company for further growth. Should the firm, which has reached $1 billion in revenues in... View Details
Keywords: Business Growth and Maturation; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Growth and Development Strategy; Telecommunications Industry; Africa
Hardymon, G. Felda, and Ann Leamon. "Celtel International B.V.: June 2004 (A)." Harvard Business School Case 805-120, March 2005. (Revised July 2006.)