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      • May 2024
      • Background Note

      Pricing Strategy and Channels of Distribution: Where Value Delivery and Value Capture Intersect

      By: Elie Ofek
      Channels of distribution are a critical component of a firm’s go-to-market strategy. A company may elect to sell its products directly to customers (DTC) without the assistance of any intermediaries or, alternatively, it may seek several channel partners to help it... View Details
      Keywords: Price; Distribution Channels; Business Strategy; Markets
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      Ofek, Elie. "Pricing Strategy and Channels of Distribution: Where Value Delivery and Value Capture Intersect." Harvard Business School Background Note 524-093, May 2024.
      • May 2024
      • Case

      Pernod Ricard: Uncorking Digital Transformation

      By: Iavor Bojinov, Edward McFowland III, François Candelon, Nikolina Jonsson and Emer Moloney
      This case study explores the opportunities and challenges of the digital transformation journey of French wine and spirits company Pernod Ricard. As part of the transformation, the company launched four key digital programs (KDPs) aimed at using data and artificial... View Details
      Keywords: Business Organization; Business Divisions; Talent and Talent Management; Global Strategy; AI and Machine Learning; Analytics and Data Science; Digital Transformation; Digital Strategy; Advertising; Sales; Organizational Culture; Product Development; Decision Making; Technology Adoption; Alignment; Expansion; Food and Beverage Industry; France; Europe
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      Bojinov, Iavor, Edward McFowland III, François Candelon, Nikolina Jonsson, and Emer Moloney. "Pernod Ricard: Uncorking Digital Transformation." Harvard Business School Case 624-095, May 2024.
      • May 2024
      • Supplement

      HubSpot and Motion AI (B): Generative AI Opportunities

      By: Jill Avery
      The technologies driving artificial intelligence (AI) had progressed significantly since HubSpot’s acquisition of Motion AI in 2017. Generative AI was the newest major development. Software-as-a-service (SaaS) companies such as HubSpot were analyzing how generative AI... View Details
      Keywords: Artificial Intelligence; CRM; Chatbots; Sales Management; Generative Ai; SaaS; Marketing; Sales; AI and Machine Learning; Customer Relationship Management; Applications and Software; Technological Innovation; Competitive Advantage; Technology Industry; United States
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      Avery, Jill. "HubSpot and Motion AI (B): Generative AI Opportunities." Harvard Business School Supplement 524-088, May 2024.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Old Moats for New Models: Openness, Control, and Competition in Generative AI

      By: Pierre Azoulay, Joshua L. Krieger and Abhishek Nagaraj
      Drawing insights from the field of innovation economics, we discuss the likely competitive environment shaping generative AI advances. Central to our analysis are the concepts of appropriability—whether firms in the industry are able to control the knowledge generated... View Details
      Keywords: Technological Innovation; AI and Machine Learning; Open Source Distribution; Policy
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      Azoulay, Pierre, Joshua L. Krieger, and Abhishek Nagaraj. "Old Moats for New Models: Openness, Control, and Competition in Generative AI." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 7442, May 2024.
      • May–June 2024
      • Article

      Should Your Brand Hire a Virtual Influencer?

      By: Serim Hwang, Shunyuan Zhang, Xiao Liu and Kannan Srinivasan
      Followers respond more favorably to sponsored posts by virtual influencers versus those by humans, costs are lower, and creating an influencer from scratch allows marketers to introduce more diversity. View Details
      Keywords: Social Media; AI and Machine Learning; Brands and Branding; Power and Influence
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      Hwang, Serim, Shunyuan Zhang, Xiao Liu, and Kannan Srinivasan. "Should Your Brand Hire a Virtual Influencer?" Harvard Business Review 102, no. 3 (May–June 2024): 56–60.
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Does the Case for Private Equity Still Hold?

      By: Nori Gerardo Lietz and Philipp Chvanov
      Private Equity (“PE”) received a 10-fold increase in capital flows since the Great Financial Crisis (“GFC”) Investors sought higher nominal returns relative to those they could obtain in the public capital markets. This paper questions the fundamental assumptions... View Details
      Keywords: Private Equity; Investment Return; Investment Portfolio; Financial Markets
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      Lietz, Nori Gerardo, and Philipp Chvanov. "Does the Case for Private Equity Still Hold?" Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 24-066, January 2024.
      • April 2024
      • Supplement

      Recycle & Re-Match: The Future of Soccer Turfs

      By: George Serafeim
      Keywords: Carbon Emissions; Carbon Abatement; Sustainability; Recycling; Waste Management; Technology; Entrepreneurial Management; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Model; Decisions; Energy Conservation; Investment Return; Profit; Technological Innovation; Patents; Growth and Development Strategy; Market Entry and Exit; Digital Platforms; Wastes and Waste Processing; Business Strategy; Competition; Expansion; Technology Adoption; Sports; Environmental Sustainability; Entrepreneurship; Green Technology Industry; Service Industry; Manufacturing Industry; Rubber Industry; Sports Industry; Denmark; Netherlands; France; United States; Pennsylvania; Europe
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      Serafeim, George. "Recycle & Re-Match: The Future of Soccer Turfs." Harvard Business School Multimedia/Video Supplement 124-707, April 2024.
      • April 2024
      • Case

      ChatGPT Enters the Voice Wars 2024

      By: David B. Yoffie and Sarah von Bargen
      OpenAI joined the Voice Wars in September 2023 when it launched its voice feature for ChatGPT. Initially only available to Pro subscribers, ChatGPT gave free access to all users two months later. It formed partnerships with a variety of companies, including carmakers,... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Partners and Partnerships; Lawsuits and Litigation; Technology Adoption; Market Entry and Exit; Technology Industry
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      Yoffie, David B., and Sarah von Bargen. "ChatGPT Enters the Voice Wars 2024." Harvard Business School Case 724-481, April 2024.
      • April 3, 2024
      • Article

      How Automakers Can Address Resistance to Self-Driving Cars

      By: Stuti Agarwal, Julian De Freitas and Carey K. Morewedge
      Research involving multiple experiments found that consumers have biased views of their driving abilities relative to those of other drivers and automated vehicles. These findings have implications for the adoption of partly or fully automated vehicles, which one day... View Details
      Keywords: Technology Adoption; Consumer Behavior; Government Legislation; Prejudice and Bias; Auto Industry; Technology Industry
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      Agarwal, Stuti, Julian De Freitas, and Carey K. Morewedge. "How Automakers Can Address Resistance to Self-Driving Cars." Harvard Business Review (website) (April 3, 2024).
      • April–May 2024
      • Article

      Gone with the Big Data: Institutional Lender Demand for Private Information

      By: Jung Koo Kang
      I explore whether big-data sources can crowd out the value of private information acquired through lending relationships. Institutional lenders have been shown to exploit their access to borrowers’ private information by trading on it in financial markets. As a shock... View Details
      Keywords: Analytics and Data Science; Borrowing and Debt; Financial Markets; Value; Knowledge Dissemination; Financing and Loans
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      Kang, Jung Koo. "Gone with the Big Data: Institutional Lender Demand for Private Information." Art. 101663. Journal of Accounting & Economics 77, nos. 2-3 (April–May 2024).
      • 2024
      • Working Paper

      Valuing Stocks With Earnings

      By: Sebastian Hillenbrand and Odhrain McCarthy
      We show that commonly used aggregate earnings are several times as volatile as stock prices over the last three decades. Movements in the price-earnings ratio are thus entirely explained by earnings growth and unrelated to future returns. As an alternative to the... View Details
      Keywords: Price; Investment Portfolio; Stocks; Behavioral Finance; Accounting
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      Hillenbrand, Sebastian, and Odhrain McCarthy. "Valuing Stocks With Earnings." Working Paper, April 2024.
      • March 2024 (Revised April 2024)
      • Case

      Coursera's Foray into GenAI

      By: Suraj Srinivasan, Michael Parzen and Radhika Kak
      In early 2023, Maggioncalda, CEO of US EdTech firm Coursera, launched Project Genesis to develop a strategy for incorporating GenAI capabilities into the firm's offerings, asking his teams to focus on value to the firm and cost of implementation. The team identified... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; AI and Machine Learning; Brands and Branding; Business Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Technological Innovation; Education Industry; Technology Industry; United States
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      Srinivasan, Suraj, Michael Parzen, and Radhika Kak. "Coursera's Foray into GenAI." Harvard Business School Case 124-089, March 2024. (Revised April 2024.)
      • March 2024 (Revised May 2024)
      • Case

      Amperity: First-Party Data at a Crossroads

      By: Elie Ofek, Hema Yoganarasimhan and Alexis Lefort
      In the summer of 2023, Amperity management was facing a critical decision on its future direction. Given the dramatic changes occurring within the digital advertising ecosystem, as concerns over consumer privacy placed limits on the ability to engage in third-party... View Details
      Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Technology Adoption; Business Strategy; Digital Marketing; Price; Product; Business or Company Management; Advertising Industry
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      Ofek, Elie, Hema Yoganarasimhan, and Alexis Lefort. "Amperity: First-Party Data at a Crossroads." Harvard Business School Case 524-017, March 2024. (Revised May 2024.)
      • March 2024
      • Teaching Note

      Sonder Holdings Inc.: Using Technology to Solve Hospitality's Frictions

      By: John A. Deighton and Leora Kornfeld
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 922-039. Digital disruption is challenging the hospitality industry. Traditional hotels face competition from platforms, most visibly Airbnb but also the homeshare divisions of online travel agencies such as Expedia and Booking.com, that... View Details
      Keywords: Digital Platforms; Disruptive Innovation; Competition; Market Participation; Accommodations Industry
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      Deighton, John A., and Leora Kornfeld. "Sonder Holdings Inc.: Using Technology to Solve Hospitality's Frictions." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 924-302, March 2024.
      • March 2024 (Revised June 2024)
      • Case

      Kashat: Navigating the Uncertainties of the Egyptian Fintech Market

      By: Paul A. Gompers and Ahmed Dahawy
      Karim Nour, the founder of Kashat, an Egyptian nano-lending fintech company, is contemplating how to manage the growth of his startup. Over the summer of 2022, Kashat's loan disbursements had grown by nearly 40%, fueled by macroeconomic instability in Egypt. However,... View Details
      Keywords: Fintech; Business Model; Developing Countries and Economies; Acquisition; Business Exit or Shutdown; Mobile and Wireless Technology; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Startups; Financing and Loans; Capital; Financial Services Industry; Banking Industry; Egypt
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      Gompers, Paul A., and Ahmed Dahawy. "Kashat: Navigating the Uncertainties of the Egyptian Fintech Market." Harvard Business School Case 824-055, March 2024. (Revised June 2024.)
      • March 2024 (Revised April 2025)
      • Case

      TELEXISTENCE Inc.

      By: Paul A. Gompers and Akiko Saito
      A case about a Japanese robotics startup aiming to enter the U.S. market with its robots that combine AI and human intervention to complete restocking tasks in retail stores. View Details
      Keywords: Business Startups; Entrepreneurship; Market Entry and Exit; Technology Adoption; Decisions; AI and Machine Learning; Retail Industry; Technology Industry; Japan; United States
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      Gompers, Paul A., and Akiko Saito. "TELEXISTENCE Inc." Harvard Business School Case 224-031, March 2024. (Revised April 2025.)
      • March 2024 (Revised June 2025)
      • Teaching Note

      CoPilot(s): Generative AI at Microsoft and GitHub

      By: Frank Nagle and Maria P. Roche
      This teaching note is the companion to case N9-624-010 CoPilot(s): Generative AI at Microsoft and GitHub, which takes place in late 2021. The case briefly describes the history of both GitHub and Microsoft with a particular focus on open source software (OSS)—software... View Details
      Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; AI and Machine Learning; Applications and Software; Technological Innovation; Product Launch; Open Source Distribution; Product Development; Commercialization; Competition; Resource Allocation; Technology Industry
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      Nagle, Frank, and Maria P. Roche. "CoPilot(s): Generative AI at Microsoft and GitHub." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 724-452, March 2024. (Revised June 2025.)
      • March 2024 (Revised August 2024)
      • Case

      Darktrace: Scaling Cybersecurity and AI (A)

      By: Jeffrey F. Rayport and Alexis Lefort
      In 2023, Darktrace CEO Poppy Gustafsson was contemplating her growth strategy at a leading U.K.-based cybersecurity venture, launched in 2013 by a group of anti-terror cyber specialists, University of Cambridge mathematicians, and artificial intelligence (AI) experts.... View Details
      Keywords: Technology; Talent; Scaling; Entrepreneurship; Cybersecurity; Leadership; Business Growth and Maturation; Recruitment; Resignation and Termination; AI and Machine Learning; Growth and Development Strategy; Organizational Culture; Going Public; Technology Industry; United Kingdom; Europe; United States
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      Rayport, Jeffrey F., and Alexis Lefort. "Darktrace: Scaling Cybersecurity and AI (A)." Harvard Business School Case 824-092, March 2024. (Revised August 2024.)
      • February 2024
      • Teaching Note

      UGG Steps into the Metaverse

      By: Shunyuan Zhang and Sunil Gupta
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 523-013. View Details
      Keywords: Metaverse; Digital Marketing; Innovation and Invention; Marketing Channels; Marketing Strategy; Social Marketing; Internet and the Web; Information Technology Industry; Information Technology Industry; Information Technology Industry; United States
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      Zhang, Shunyuan, and Sunil Gupta. "UGG Steps into the Metaverse." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 524-075, February 2024.
      • February 2024
      • Teaching Note

      AB InBev: Brewing Up Forecasts during COVID-19

      By: Mark Egan and C. Fritz Foley
      Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 224-020. In July 2021, the CEO of AB InBev's European operations and his team strategized to position the company for success post-pandemic. As the world's largest beer company, boasting over 500 brands, revenue of $46 billion, and a... View Details
      Keywords: Forecasting; Investor Relations; Beverage Industry; Corporate Finance; Decisions; Forecasting and Prediction; Health Pandemics; Analytics and Data Science; Digital Transformation; Crisis Management; Business Model; Food and Beverage Industry; United States; Europe
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      Egan, Mark, and C. Fritz Foley. "AB InBev: Brewing Up Forecasts during COVID-19." Harvard Business School Teaching Note 224-074, February 2024.
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