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      • Forthcoming
      • Chapter

      Intermediation and Diffusion of Responsibility in Negotiation: A Case of Bounded Ethicality

      By: Neeru Paharia, Lucas Clayton Coffman and Max Bazerman
      This article compares direct deception with deception via an intermediary in the bargaining context. It describes a growing experimental literature that suggests how perceived ethics surrounding transactions with multiple partners can encourage misbehavior. It is noted... View Details
      Keywords: Negotiation Process; Ethics
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      Paharia, Neeru, Lucas Clayton Coffman, and Max Bazerman. "Intermediation and Diffusion of Responsibility in Negotiation: A Case of Bounded Ethicality." In The Oxford Handbook of Economic Conflict Resolution, edited by Gary E. Bolton and Rachel T.A. Croson, 37–46. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.
      • 2012
      • Working Paper

      The Need for (long) Chains in Kidney Exchange

      By: Itai Ashlagi, David Gamarnik, Michael A. Rees and Alvin E. Roth
      It has been previously shown that for sufficiently large pools of patient-donor pairs, (almost) efficient kidney exchange can be achieved by using at most 3-way cycles, i.e., by using cycles among no more than 3 patient-donor pairs. However, as kidney exchange has... View Details
      Keywords: Networks; Complexity; Performance Efficiency; Medical Specialties; Health Care and Treatment; Philanthropy and Charitable Giving
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      Ashlagi, Itai, David Gamarnik, Michael A. Rees, and Alvin E. Roth. "The Need for (long) Chains in Kidney Exchange." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 18202, July 2012.
      • October 2011 (Revised December 2022)
      • Background Note

      Ethical Analysis: Moral Disengagement

      By: Sandra J. Sucher and Celia Moore
      Moral disengagement is a process that enables people to engage in negative behaviors, from small misdeeds to great atrocities, without believing that they are causing harm or doing wrong. When Conrad Black, the fallen Canadian mogul convicted of multiple counts of... View Details
      Keywords: Moral Sensibility; Social Psychology; Values and Beliefs
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      Sucher, Sandra J., and Celia Moore. "Ethical Analysis: Moral Disengagement." Harvard Business School Background Note 612-043, October 2011. (Revised December 2022.)
      • September 2011 (Revised August 2015)
      • Case

      ScoreBig

      By: William A. Sahlman, Jeffrey Glass and Evan W. Richardson
      The founding team at ScoreBig, an event ticketing company, is on the verge of a public launch of their product. The company has made great progress in negotiating access to tickets, designing its interface, and building a proprietary architecture. For consumers,... View Details
      Keywords: Business Model; Marketing Strategy; Product Launch; Business Startups; Business Strategy; Corporate Finance; Entertainment and Recreation Industry
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      Sahlman, William A., Jeffrey Glass, and Evan W. Richardson. "ScoreBig." Harvard Business School Case 812-043, September 2011. (Revised August 2015.)
      • 9 May 2011 - 11 May 2011
      • Conference Presentation

      How Firms Respond to Mandatory Information Disclosure

      By: Anil Doshi, Michael Toffel and Glen W. S. Dowell
      When new institutional pressures arise, which organizations are particularly likely to resist or acquiesce? When subjected to new information disclosure mandates, an increasingly popular form of market-based government regulation, which types of organizations are... View Details
      Keywords: Corporate Disclosure; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Environmental Regulation; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Organizational Change and Adaptation
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      Doshi, Anil, Michael Toffel, and Glen W. S. Dowell. "How Firms Respond to Mandatory Information Disclosure." Paper presented at the Alliance for Research on Corporate Sustainability Annual Research Conference, Philadelphia, PA, May 9–11, 2011.
      • May 2011
      • Article

      Can Nervous Nelly Negotiate? How Anxiety Causes Negotiators to Make Low First Offers, Exit Early, and Earn Less Profit

      By: A.W. Brooks and M.E. Schweitzer
      Negotiations trigger anxiety. Across four studies, we demonstrate that anxiety is harmful to negotiator performance. In our experiments, we induced either anxiety or neutral feelings and studied behavior in negotiation and continuous shrinking-pie tasks. Compared to... View Details
      Keywords: Behavior; Negotiation Participants; Outcome or Result; Emotions
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      Brooks, A.W., and M.E. Schweitzer. "Can Nervous Nelly Negotiate? How Anxiety Causes Negotiators to Make Low First Offers, Exit Early, and Earn Less Profit." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 115, no. 1 (May 2011): 43–54. (Awarded Best Paper with a Student as First Author by the International Association for Conflict Management, 2010.)
      • 2011
      • Working Paper

      The Contingent Effect of Absorptive Capacity: An Open Innovation Analysis

      By: Andrew A. King and Karim R. Lakhani
      Technological advancement and innovation requires the integration of both external knowledge and internal inventiveness. In this paper, we unpack the concept of absorptive capacity and separately explore the effect of different types of prior experience on the capacity... View Details
      Keywords: Experience and Expertise; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Technological Innovation; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Performance Capacity; Technology Adoption
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      King, Andrew A., and Karim R. Lakhani. "The Contingent Effect of Absorptive Capacity: An Open Innovation Analysis." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-102, April 2011.
      • Article

      Designing Transparency Systems for Medical Care Prices

      By: David Cutler and Leemore S. Dafny
      In the contentious political environment surrounding health care reform, calls for increased price transparency in health care are among the few areas of general agreement. But the wrong kind of transparency could actually harm patients, rather than help them. View Details
      Keywords: Transparency; Health Care and Treatment; Price
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      Cutler, David, and Leemore S. Dafny. "Designing Transparency Systems for Medical Care Prices." New England Journal of Medicine 364, no. 10 (March 10, 2011): 894–895.
      • 2010
      • Working Paper

      Lawful but Corrupt: Gaming and the Problem of Institutional Corruption in the Private Sector

      By: Malcolm S. Salter
      This paper describes how the gaming of society's rules by corporations contributes to the problem of institutional corruption in the world of business. "Gaming" in its various forms involves the use of technically legal means to subvert the intent of society's rules in... View Details
      Keywords: Crime and Corruption; Civil Society or Community; Competitive Advantage; Earnings Management; Trust; Law; Performance; Investment Funds; Private Sector; Behavior; Relationships; Goals and Objectives
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      Salter, Malcolm S. "Lawful but Corrupt: Gaming and the Problem of Institutional Corruption in the Private Sector." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 11-060, December 2010.
      • June 2010 (Revised February 2013)
      • Background Note

      The Precautionary Principle

      By: Michael W. Toffel and Nazli Z. Uludere Aragon
      This note describes the precautionary principle and its key tenets, highlights challenges associated with its use, and includes many examples of its application, primarily within the realm of regulating activities based on the risk of harm to human health and the... View Details
      Keywords: Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Policy; Health Disorders; Business and Government Relations; Safety; Natural Environment; Pollutants; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Chemical Industry; Pharmaceutical Industry
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      Toffel, Michael W., and Nazli Z. Uludere Aragon. "The Precautionary Principle." Harvard Business School Background Note 610-043, June 2010. (Revised February 2013.)
      • March 2010
      • Article

      Nameless + Harmless = Blameless: When Seemingly Irrelevant Factors Influence Judgment of (Un)ethical Behavior

      By: Francesca Gino, Lisa L. Shu and Max Bazerman
      People often make judgments about the ethicality of others’ behaviors and then decide how harshly to punish such behaviors. When they make these judgments and decisions, sometimes the victims of the unethical behavior are identifiable, and sometimes they are not. In... View Details
      Keywords: Judgments; Ethics; Behavior
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      Gino, Francesca, Lisa L. Shu, and Max Bazerman. "Nameless + Harmless = Blameless: When Seemingly Irrelevant Factors Influence Judgment of (Un)ethical Behavior." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 111, no. 2 (March 2010): 93–101.
      • December 2009
      • Article

      Strategy-proofness versus Efficiency in Matching with Indifferences: Redesigning the NYC High School Match

      By: Atila Abdulkadiroglu, Parag A. Pathak and Alvin E. Roth
      The design of the New York City (NYC) High School match involved tradeoffs among efficiency, stability, and strategy-proofness that raise new theoretical questions. We analyze a model with indifferences—ties—in school preferences. Simulations with field data and the... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Secondary Education; Marketplace Matching; Performance Efficiency; Mathematical Methods; Motivation and Incentives; Strategy; Balance and Stability
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      Abdulkadiroglu, Atila, Parag A. Pathak, and Alvin E. Roth. "Strategy-proofness versus Efficiency in Matching with Indifferences: Redesigning the NYC High School Match." American Economic Review 99, no. 5 (December 2009). (AER links to access the Appendix and Downloadable Data Set.)
      • 2009
      • Working Paper

      Opening Up or Shutting Down? The Effects of Multiple Identities on Problem Solving

      By: Lakshmi Ramarajan
      Across three studies, I investigate the distinct effects of multiple identity conflict and enhancement within people on two crucial aspects of resolving problems with others: integrative behavior and openness. The results of two studies support the hypotheses that... View Details
      Keywords: Interpersonal Communication; Problems and Challenges; Behavior; Conflict Management; Identity; Integration
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      Ramarajan, Lakshmi. "Opening Up or Shutting Down? The Effects of Multiple Identities on Problem Solving." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 10-041, November 2009.
      • July 2009
      • Journal Article

      Dirty Work, Clean Hands: The Moral Psychology of Indirect Agency

      By: Neeru Paharia, Karim Kassam, Joshua Greene and Max Bazerman
      When powerful people cause harm, they often do so indirectly through other people. Are harmful actions carried out through others evaluated less negatively than harmful actions carried out directly? Four experiments examine the moral psychology of indirect agency.... View Details
      Keywords: Judgments; Ethics; Moral Sensibility; Behavior; Motivation and Incentives; Power and Influence
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      Paharia, Neeru, Karim Kassam, Joshua Greene, and Max Bazerman. "Dirty Work, Clean Hands: The Moral Psychology of Indirect Agency." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 109, no. 2 (July 2009): 134–141.
      • 2009
      • Chapter

      See No Evil: When We Overlook Other People's Unethical Behavior

      By: Francesca Gino, Don A. Moore and M. H. Bazerman
      It is common for people to be more critical of others' ethical choices than of their own. This chapter explores those remarkable circumstances in which people see no evil in others' unethical behavior. Specifically, we explore 1) the motivated tendency to overlook the... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Ethics; Moral Sensibility; Behavior; Motivation and Incentives
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      Gino, Francesca, Don A. Moore, and M. H. Bazerman. "See No Evil: When We Overlook Other People's Unethical Behavior." Chap. 10 in Social Decision Making: Social Dilemmas, Social Values, and Ethical Judgments, edited by R. M. Kramer, A. E. Tenbrunsel, and M. H. Bazerman, 241–263. Routledge, 2009.
      • 2009
      • Working Paper

      Policy Bundling to Overcome Loss Aversion: A Method for Improving Legislative Outcomes

      By: Katherine L Milkman, Mary Carol Mazza, Lisa L. Shu, Chia-Jung Tsay and Max H. Bazerman
      Policies that would create net benefits for society but would also involve costs frequently lack the necessary support to be enacted because losses loom larger than gains psychologically. To reduce this harmful consequence of loss aversion, we propose a new type of... View Details
      Keywords: Decision Making; Cost vs Benefits; Policy; Government Legislation; Outcome or Result; Welfare
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      Milkman, Katherine L., Mary Carol Mazza, Lisa L. Shu, Chia-Jung Tsay, and Max H. Bazerman. "Policy Bundling to Overcome Loss Aversion: A Method for Improving Legislative Outcomes." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-147, June 2009. (Revised September 2009, December 2009.)
      • February 2009
      • Article

      Goals Gone Wild: The Systematic Side Effects of Over-Prescribing Goal Setting

      By: Lisa D. Ordonez, Maurice E. Schweitzer, Adam D. Galinsky and Max H. Bazerman
      Goal setting is one of the most replicated and influential paradigms in the management literature. Hundreds of studies conducted in numerous countries and contexts have consistently demonstrated that setting specific, challenging goals can powerfully drive behavior and... View Details
      Keywords: Goals and Objectives; Management Practices and Processes; Organizational Culture; Performance Improvement; Behavior; Motivation and Incentives
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      Ordonez, Lisa D., Maurice E. Schweitzer, Adam D. Galinsky, and Max H. Bazerman. "Goals Gone Wild: The Systematic Side Effects of Over-Prescribing Goal Setting." Academy of Management Perspectives 23, no. 1 (February 2009).
      • 2009
      • Working Paper

      Goals Gone Wild: The Systematic Side Effects of Over-Prescribing Goal Setting

      By: Lisa D. Ordonez, Maurice E. Schweitzer, Adam D. Galinsky and Max H. Bazerman
      Goal setting is one of the most replicated and influential paradigms in the management literature. Hundreds of studies conducted in numerous countries and contexts have consistently demonstrated that setting specific, challenging goals can powerfully drive behavior and... View Details
      Keywords: Goals and Objectives; Management Practices and Processes; Organizational Culture; Performance Improvement; Behavior; Motivation and Incentives
      Citation
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      Ordonez, Lisa D., Maurice E. Schweitzer, Adam D. Galinsky, and Max H. Bazerman. "Goals Gone Wild: The Systematic Side Effects of Over-Prescribing Goal Setting." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-083, January 2009.
      • October 2008
      • Article

      Navigating the Bind of Necessary Evils: Psychological Engagement and the Production of Interpersonally Sensitive Behavior

      By: Joshua D. Margolis and Andrew Molinsky
      We develop grounded theory about how individuals respond to the subjective experience of performing "necessary evils" and how that influences the way they treat targets of their actions. Despite the importance and difficulty of delivering just, compassionate treatment... View Details
      Keywords: Interpersonal Communication; Fairness; Moral Sensibility; Problems and Challenges; Behavior; Power and Influence; Welfare
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      Margolis, Joshua D., and Andrew Molinsky. "Navigating the Bind of Necessary Evils: Psychological Engagement and the Production of Interpersonally Sensitive Behavior." Academy of Management Journal 51, no. 5 (October 2008): 847–872. (Winner of Academy of Management. Outstanding Publication in Organizational Behavior Award presented by Academy of Management.)
      • 2008
      • Working Paper

      Dirty Work, Clean Hands: The Moral Psychology of Indirect Agency

      By: Neeru Paharia, Karim S. Kassam, Joshua D. Greene and Max H. Bazerman
      When powerful people cause harm, they often do so indirectly through other people. Are harmful actions carried out through others evaluated less negatively than harmful actions carried out directly? Four experiments examine the moral psychology of indirect agency.... View Details
      Keywords: Judgments; Ethics; Moral Sensibility; Behavior; Motivation and Incentives; Power and Influence
      Citation
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      Paharia, Neeru, Karim S. Kassam, Joshua D. Greene, and Max H. Bazerman. "Dirty Work, Clean Hands: The Moral Psychology of Indirect Agency." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 09-012, August 2008. (Conditionally Accepted at Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes.)
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