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Show Results For
- All HBS Web
(1,049)
- News (95)
- Research (848)
- Events (9)
- Multimedia (1)
- Faculty Publications (406)
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- Article
Online Community as Space for Knowledge Flows
By: Samer Faraj, Georg von Krogh, Eric Monteiro and Karim R. Lakhani
Online communities frequently create significant economic and relational value for community participants and beyond. It is widely accepted that the underlying source of such value is the collective flow of knowledge among community participants. We distinguish the... View Details
Faraj, Samer, Georg von Krogh, Eric Monteiro, and Karim R. Lakhani. "Online Community as Space for Knowledge Flows." Information Systems Research 27, no. 4 (December 2016): 668–684.
- 2004
- Working Paper
Thinking About Technology: Applying a Cognitive Lens to Technical Change
We apply a cognitive lens to understanding technology trajectories across the life cycle by developing a coevolutionary model of technological frames and technology. Applying that model to each stage of the technology life cycle, we identify conditions under which a... View Details
Kaplan, Sarah, and Mary Tripsas. "Thinking About Technology: Applying a Cognitive Lens to Technical Change." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 04-039, January 2004. (Revised September 2006, August 2007, April 2008.)
- November 2019
- Article
How Do Sales Efforts Pay Off? Dynamic Panel Data Analysis in the Nerlove-Arrow Framework
By: Doug J. Chung, Byungyeon Kim and Byoung G. Park
This paper evaluates the short- and long-term value of sales representatives’ detailing visits to different types of physicians. By understanding the dynamic effect of sales calls across heterogeneous physicians, we provide guidance on the design of optimal call... View Details
Keywords: Nerlove-Arrow Framework; Stock-of-goodwill; Dynamic Panel Data; Serial Correlation; Instrumental Variables; Sales Effectiveness; Detailing; Analytics and Data Science; Sales; Analysis; Performance Effectiveness; Pharmaceutical Industry
Chung, Doug J., Byungyeon Kim, and Byoung G. Park. "How Do Sales Efforts Pay Off? Dynamic Panel Data Analysis in the Nerlove-Arrow Framework." Management Science 65, no. 11 (November 2019): 5197–5218.
- November 10, 2022
- Article
5 Ways Startups Can Prepare for a Recession
By: Lou Shipley
Startups face unique challenges during economic downturns. They typically aren’t yet profitable and so are reliant on outside funding—and therefore are especially exposed when macroeconomic conditions change. To make it through a recession, startup CEOs should hit the... View Details
Keywords: Entrepreneurship; Organizational Culture; Sales; Customer Focus and Relationships; Decisions; Inflation and Deflation; Financial Crisis; Employee Relationship Management; Business Startups; Credit
Shipley, Lou. "5 Ways Startups Can Prepare for a Recession." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (November 10, 2022).
- March 2024 (Revised March 2025)
- Case
Pakistan at 75: When Will the 'Nazuk Mor' End?
By: Meg Rithmire, Salaar A. Shaikh and Hong Zhang
In 2023, business leaders, politicians, and civil society were all describing Pakistan’s condition as “polycrisis.” The country faced decisions on elections after Imran Khan’s ouster and arrest, protests against the military’s involvement in politics and the crackdowns... View Details
Keywords: Developing Countries and Economies; Financial Crisis; Inflation and Deflation; Government and Politics; Health Pandemics; Conflict and Resolution; Pakistan
Rithmire, Meg, Salaar A. Shaikh, and Hong Zhang. "Pakistan at 75: When Will the 'Nazuk Mor' End?" Harvard Business School Case 724-020, March 2024. (Revised March 2025.)
- 1999
- Working Paper
On the Formation and Structure of International Exchanges
We investigate the formation and structure of 248 financial exchanges throughout the world. First, we empirically analyze the determinants of exchange formation as well as the impact of exchange formation on the domestic country's economy. Second, conditional on... View Details
Keywords: Financial Markets
Clayton, Matthew J., Bjorn N Jorgensen, and Kenneth A. Kavajecz. "On the Formation and Structure of International Exchanges." Rodney L. White Center for Financial Research (Series), No. 022-99, September 1999.
- January 2017
- Article
Beyond Zeroes and Ones: The Intensity and Dynamics of Civil Conflict
By: Stephen Chaudoin, Zachary Peskowitz and Christopher Stanton
There is a tremendous amount of variation in conflict intensity both across and within civil conflicts. Some conflicts result in huge numbers of battle deaths, while others do not. Conflict intensity is also dynamic. Conflict intensity escalates, deescalates, and... View Details
Chaudoin, Stephen, Zachary Peskowitz, and Christopher Stanton. "Beyond Zeroes and Ones: The Intensity and Dynamics of Civil Conflict." Journal of Conflict Resolution 61, no. 1 (January 2017): 56–83.
- April 1990 (Revised January 1994)
- Case
Mexico: Escaping from the Debt Crisis?
Explores how Mexico found itself in the debt crisis that exploded in 1982 and how the de la Madrid administration (1982-88) followed by the Salinas government (1988 on) devised policies by which to resolve the macroeconomic imbalances. Describes the economic and... View Details
Shapiro, Helen. "Mexico: Escaping from the Debt Crisis?" Harvard Business School Case 390-174, April 1990. (Revised January 1994.)
- November 1990 (Revised June 1993)
- Background Note
Price-Quantity Determination
Examines the important economic considerations affecting a firm's price-quantity decision for a product. Begins with a discussion of the appropriate decision criterion. Next, it motivates the concept of a demand curve for a product and defines demand elasticity.... View Details
Dhebar, Anirudh S. "Price-Quantity Determination." Harvard Business School Background Note 191-093, November 1990. (Revised June 1993.)
- June 2025
- Article
Collusion in Brokered Markets
By: John William Hatfield, Scott Duke Kominers and Richard Lowery
High commissions in the U.S. residential real estate agency market present a puzzle for economic theory because brokerage is not a concentrated industry. We model brokered markets as a game in which agents post prices for customers and then choose which other agents to... View Details
Keywords: Real Estate Agents; Real Estate; Realtors; Broker Networks; Brokerage; Brokerage Commissions; ＂Brokerage Industry; Brokered Markets; Brokering; Brokers; Industrial Organization; Repeated Game Framework; ＂Repeated Games＂; Collusion; Antitrust; Microeconomics; Market Design; Theory; Game Theory; Real Estate Industry
Hatfield, John William, Scott Duke Kominers, and Richard Lowery. "Collusion in Brokered Markets." Journal of Finance 80, no. 3 (June 2025): 1417–1462.
- July 1989
- Case
NWA, Inc. - Northwest Airlines Revenue Management
Northwest Airlines is evaluating improvements to its revenue management system. This system executes a program of economic price discrimination under which the airline attempts to control the conditions on its discount fare offerings. Students must evaluate the effect... View Details
Keywords: Asset Management; Air Transportation; Management Systems; Corporate Finance; Air Transportation Industry; United States
Tiemann, Jonathan. "NWA, Inc. - Northwest Airlines Revenue Management." Harvard Business School Case 290-007, July 1989.
- June 2021
- Case
CFM International (A): Building a Durable Partnership That Works
By: Ranjay Gulati, Yves Doz, Kim Wilkinson and Kerry Herman
It is spring 1995, and the CFM partnership—a joint venture between GE Aviation and France’s jet engine manufacturer Snecma—is facing difficult challenges. The parent companies must decide whether and how to renew their nascent partnership agreement, in the face of... View Details
Gulati, Ranjay, Yves Doz, Kim Wilkinson, and Kerry Herman. "CFM International (A): Building a Durable Partnership That Works." Harvard Business School Case 421-066, June 2021.
- April 1996 (Revised May 2008)
- Exercise
Adam Baxter Company/Local 190: 1983 Negotiation, Local 190 Confidential Information
By: Kathleen L. McGinn and Victoria Medvec
Includes a series of three negotiation exercises portraying management/labor relations at ABC over a period of seven years. ABC, initially a family-owned business, had prided itself on its cooperative relationship with its union, Local 190. With the skyrocketing... View Details
Keywords: Inflation and Deflation; Compensation and Benefits; Labor Unions; Wages; Working Conditions; Negotiation Process; Labor and Management Relations
McGinn, Kathleen L., and Victoria Medvec. "Adam Baxter Company/Local 190: 1983 Negotiation, Local 190 Confidential Information." Harvard Business School Exercise 396-321, April 1996. (Revised May 2008.)
- 28 May 2024
- In Practice
Job Search Advice for a Tough Market: Think Broadly and Stay Flexible
capital fundraising markets are slowly improving. Prospects are likely to improve over the short run and perseverance is rewarded. Paul Gompers is the Eugune Holman Professor of Business Administration at HBS. David Fubini: Brace for tough View Details
Keywords: by Rachel Layne
- March 2024
- Article
The Political Effects of Immigration: Culture or Economics?
By: Alberto Alesina and Marco Tabellini
We review the growing literature on the political economy of immigration. First, we discuss the effects of immigration on a wide range of political and social outcomes. The existing evidence suggests that immigrants often, but not always, trigger backlash, increasing... View Details
Keywords: Political Backlash; Cultural Beliefs; Immigration; Political Elections; Outcome or Result; Social Issues; Perception
Alesina, Alberto, and Marco Tabellini. "The Political Effects of Immigration: Culture or Economics?" Journal of Economic Literature 62, no. 1 (March 2024): 5–46.
- May 2014
- Article
Representative Evidence on Lying Costs
By: Johannes Abeler, Anke Becker and Armin Falk
A central assumption in economics is that people misreport their private information if this is to their material benefit. Several recent models depart from this assumption and posit that some people do not lie or at least do not lie maximally. These models invoke many... View Details
Keywords: Private Information; Lying Costs; Tax Morale; Representative Experiment; Information; Microeconomics; Taxation; Behavior
Abeler, Johannes, Anke Becker, and Armin Falk. "Representative Evidence on Lying Costs." Journal of Public Economics 113 (May 2014): 96–104.
- Research Summary
Democratic Governance and Decision Making
By: David A. Moss
Under what conditions are public policies in a democracy determined by special interests or, alternatively, by the general interest? A good deal of academic work, particularly associated with the economic theory of regulation, suggests that special interests... View Details
- January 2018 (Revised June 2018)
- Teaching Note
Womenomics in Japan
By: Boris Groysberg and David Lane
Teaching Note for HBS No. 417-002. View Details
Keywords: Gender Equality; Japan; Leadership; Government-business Relations; Shinzo Abe; Economic Growth; Aging Society; Womenomics; Abenomics; Labor Market Discrimination; Workplace Culture; Women And Leadership; Change Management; Working Conditions; Leading Change; Gender; Business and Government Relations; Growth and Development; Employment; Japan
- December 2015
- Article
Harnessing Productive Tensions in Hybrid Organizations: The Case of Work Integration Social Enterprises
By: Julie Battilana, Metin Sengul, Anne-Claire Pache and Jacob Model
We examine the factors that influence the social performance of hybrid organizations that pursue a social mission, and sustain their operations through commercial activities, by studying work integration social enterprises (WISEs). We argue that social imprinting and... View Details
Keywords: Hybrid Organizations; Social Enterprise; Social Entrepreneurship; Organizations; Performance Productivity
Battilana, Julie, Metin Sengul, Anne-Claire Pache, and Jacob Model. "Harnessing Productive Tensions in Hybrid Organizations: The Case of Work Integration Social Enterprises." Academy of Management Journal 58, no. 6 (December 2015): 1658–1685.
- January 2008
- Article
The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy
This article includes a one-page preview that quickly summarizes the key ideas and provides an overview of how the concepts work in practice along with suggestions for further reading. In 1979, a young associate professor at Harvard Business School published his first... View Details
Keywords: Profit; Five Forces Framework; Industry Growth; Industry Structures; Business and Government Relations; Competitive Strategy
Porter, Michael E. "The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy." Special Issue on HBS Centennial. Harvard Business Review 86, no. 1 (January 2008): 78–93.