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  • October 2001 (Revised March 2002)
  • Background Note

Implicit Predictors of Consumer Behavior

By: Gerald Zaltman, Nancy Puccinelli, Kathryn A. Braun and Fred W Mast PHD
An important distinction is drawn in psychology between explicit and implicit knowledge. Explicit knowledge refers to consciously held beliefs about an individual or object that often draws on the remembering of experiences in the past. In contrast, implicit knowledge... View Details
Keywords: Forecasting and Prediction; Values and Beliefs; Knowledge Sharing; Consumer Behavior; Opportunities; Cognition and Thinking
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    Samantha Smith

    Samantha is a behavioral scientist, earning her Ph.D. in Organizational Behavior (Micro) at Harvard Business School. Her research examines employees' strategic decisions under competition. Her work also examines how to harness diverse talent effectively, driving... View Details
    • 24 Feb 2016
    • Research & Ideas

    Why It's Best to Take Tests Early in the Day

    scores decrease. Why? Because they suffer from cognitive fatigue. In other words, their brains get tired. However, test scores do increase slightly when students get to take a short break immediately before taking a test. These are among... View Details
    Keywords: by Carmen Nobel; Education
    • March 2019
    • Article

    Crime and Violence: Desensitization in Victims to Watching Criminal Events

    By: Rafael Di Tella, Lucia Freira, Ramiro H. Gálvez, Ernesto Schargrodsky, Diego Shalom and Mariano Sigman
    We study desensitization to crime in a lab experiment by showing footage of criminal acts to a group of subjects, some of whom have been previously victimized. We measure biolog­ical markers of stress and behavioral indices of cognitive control before and after treated... View Details
    Keywords: Crime; Biological Markers; Experiment; Victimization; Desensitization; Crime and Corruption; Behavior
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    • 12 Jul 2007
    • Working Paper Summaries

    Toward a Theory of Behavioral Operations

    Keywords: by Francesca Gino & Gary Pisano
    • 2022
    • Working Paper

    Confidence, Self-Selection and Bias in the Aggregate

    By: Benjamin Enke, Thomas Graeber and Ryan Oprea
    The influence of behavioral biases on aggregate outcomes like prices and allocations depends in part on self-selection: whether rational people opt more strongly into aggregate interactions than biased individuals. We conduct a series of betting market, auction and... View Details
    Keywords: Prejudice and Bias; Cognition and Thinking; Markets; Price
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    • 19 Jul 2017
    • Research & Ideas

    Why Government 'Nudges' Motivate Good Citizen Behavior

    Beshears and colleagues, recently published in the journal Psychological Science. The paper, Should Governments Invest More in Nudges? answers its own question with a resounding “Yes.” “We suspected that nudges on an impact-per-cost basis... View Details
    Keywords: by Michael Blanding
    • 2021
    • Working Paper

    G.I. Joe Phenomena: Understanding the Limits of Metacognitive Awareness on Debiasing

    By: Ariella S. Kristal and Laurie R. Santos
    Knowing about one’s biases does not always allow one to overcome those biases— a phenomenon referred to as the G. I. Joe fallacy. We explore why knowing about a bias doesn’t necessarily change biased behavior. We argue that seemingly disparate G. I. Joe... View Details
    Keywords: Biases; Judgment; Decision-making; Nudge; Debiasing; Illusions; Prejudice and Bias; Decision Making; Behavior; Change
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    • 01 Feb 2010
    • Research & Ideas

    The ‘Luxury Prime’: How Luxury Changes People

    Are people who travel in town cars and on corporate jets different—on a psychological level—from you and me? Does the availability of luxury goods "prime" individuals to be less concerned about or considerate toward others? The... View Details
    Keywords: by Sarah Jane Gilbert
    • September 2022
    • Article

    Loneliness Versus Distress: A Comparison of Emotion Regulation Profiles

    By: Alyssa J. Tan, Vincent Mancini, James J. Gross, Amit Goldenberg, Johanna C. Badcock, Michelle H. Lim, Rodrigo Becerra, Ben Jackson and David A. Preece
    Loneliness, a negative emotion stemming from the perception of unmet social needs, is a major public health concern. Current interventions often target social domains but produce small effects and are not as effective as established emotion regulation (ER)-based... View Details
    Keywords: Emotions
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    • 2019
    • Article

    Creativity from Paradoxical Experience: A Theory of How Individuals Achieve Creativity while Adopting Paradoxical Frames

    By: Goran Calic, Sébastien Hélie, Nick Bontis and Elaine Mosakowski
    Purpose: Extant paradox theory suggests that adopting paradoxical frames, which are mental templates adopted by individuals in order to embrace contradictions, will result in superior firm performance. Superior performance is achieved through learning and creativity,... View Details
    Keywords: Cognition and Thinking; Creativity; Learning
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    • 2022
    • Article

    Is Maximising Creativity Good? The Importance of Elaboration and Internal Confidence in Producing Creative Ideas

    By: Goran Calic, Elaine Mosakowski, Nick Bontis and Sébastien Hélie
    While knowledge management researchers acknowledge that individuals transition from generation to implementation of ideas, these transitions are not fully understood. The current article focuses on idea elaboration – defined as the transition of an idea from an... View Details
    Keywords: Knowledge Management; Organizational Culture; Creativity; Cognition and Thinking; Innovation and Invention; Learning
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    • 2020
    • Article

    Subjective Semantic Surprise Resulting from Divided Attention Biases Evaluations of an Idea’s Creativity

    By: Goran Calic, Nour El Shamy, Isaac Kinley, Scott Watter and Khaled Hassanein
    The evaluation of an idea’s creativity constitutes an important step in successfully responding to an unexpected problem with a new solution. Yet, distractions compete for cognitive resources with the evaluation process and may change how individuals evaluate ideas. In... View Details
    Keywords: Creativity; Cognition and Thinking
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    • 2017
    • Working Paper

    Crime and Violence: Desensitization in Victims to Watching Criminal Events

    By: Rafael Di Tella, Lucia Freira, Ramiro H. Gálvez, Ernesto Schargrodsky, Diego Shalom and Mariano Sigman
    We study desensitization to crime in a lab experiment by showing footage of criminal acts to a group of subjects, some of whom have been previously victimized. We measure biological markers of stress and behavioral indices of cognitive control before and after treated... View Details
    Keywords: Crime and Corruption; Attitudes; Perspective; Behavior
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    • November–December 2019
    • Article

    Head, Heart or Hands: How Do Employees Respond to a Radical Global Language Change Over Time?

    By: Sebastian Reiche and Tsedal Neeley
    To understand how recipients respond to radical change over time across cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions, we conducted a longitudinal study of a mandated language change at a Chilean subsidiary of a large U.S. multinational organization. The... View Details
    Keywords: Language; Communication; Change; Employees; Attitudes; Emotions; Globalized Firms and Management
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    • August 2018
    • Article

    Creative Sparks or Paralysis Traps? The Effects of Contradictions on Creative Processing and Creative Products

    By: Goran Calic and Sébastien Hélie
    Paradoxes are an unavoidable part of work life. The unusualness of attempting to simultaneously satisfy contradictory imperatives can result in creative outcomes that simultaneously satisfy both imperatives by inducing search for, and selection of, novel and useful... View Details
    Keywords: Creativity; Cognition and Thinking; Business or Company Management; Performance
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    • 2017
    • Working Paper

    Crime and Violence: Desensitization in Victims to Watching Criminal Events

    By: Rafael Di Tella, Lucía Freira, Ramiro H. Gálvez, Ernesto Schargrodsky, Diego Shalom and Mariano Sigman
    We study desensitization to crime in a lab experiment by showing footage of criminal acts to a group of subjects, some of whom have been previously victimized. We measure biological markers of stress and behavioral indices of cognitive control before and after treated... View Details
    Keywords: Crime; Biological Markers; Experiment; Victimization; Desensitization; Crime and Corruption; Perspective; Attitudes; Behavior
    Related
    • 11 Jul 2018
    • Working Paper Summaries

    Channeled Attention and Stable Errors

    Keywords: by Tristan Gagnon-Bartsch, Matthew Rabin, and Joshua Schwartzstein
    • Research Summary

    Reinvention and “Frame Flexibility”

    By: Ryan L. Raffaelli

    Adopting a radical innovation creates pressure for leaders to reframe their mental models while they also sustain their organization's existing capabilities and product category variants. Yet at key junctures in a product class and during technological change, a... View Details

    Keywords: Institutional Change; Innovation ＆ Entrepreneurship; Diffusion Processes; Technology Adoption; Cognition and Thinking; Identity; Emotions
    • January 2025
    • Article

    Reducing Prejudice with Counter-stereotypical AI

    By: Erik Hermann, Julian De Freitas and Stefano Puntoni
    Based on a review of relevant literature, we propose that the proliferation of AI with human-like and social features presents an unprecedented opportunity to address the underlying cognitive and affective drivers of prejudice. An approach informed by the psychology of... View Details
    Keywords: Prejudice and Bias; AI and Machine Learning; Interpersonal Communication; Social and Collaborative Networks
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