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- All HBS Web
(4,034)
- People (8)
- News (855)
- Research (2,203)
- Events (9)
- Multimedia (32)
- Faculty Publications (1,322)
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- February 2019 (Revised January 2022)
- Case
The U.S. – China Trade War
By: Alberto Cavallo, Mariana Cal and Anne Laski
On December 1, 2018, U.S. President Donald Trump and China’s Leader Xi Jinping faced each other across a dinner table during a G20 meeting in Buenos Aires, Argentina. After what Trump called an “amazing and productive meeting,” the two leaders announced a truce in the... View Details
Keywords: Trade War; Trump; Current Account; NAFTA; Balance Of Payments; Intellectual Property Protection; Trade; Macroeconomics; Economic Slowdown and Stagnation; International Relations; United States; China
Cavallo, Alberto, Mariana Cal, and Anne Laski. "The U.S. – China Trade War." Harvard Business School Case 719-034, February 2019. (Revised January 2022.)
- May–June 2025
- Article
Balancing Digital Safety and Innovation
By: Tomomichi Amano and Tomomi Tanaka
Designers of consumer-facing digital products have tended to focus on novelty and speed (“move fast and break things”). They’ve spent more effort on innovating than on anticipating how customers—and bad actors—might engage with products. But as digital products become... View Details
Amano, Tomomichi, and Tomomi Tanaka. "Balancing Digital Safety and Innovation." Harvard Business Review 103, no. 3 (May–June 2025): 120–127.
- June 2001 (Revised October 2001)
- Case
Verizon Communications, Inc.: Implementing a Human Resources Balanced Scorecard
By: Srikant M. Datar, Marc J. Epstein and Jeremy Cott
In early 2000, Verizon Communications implemented a Human Resources Balanced Scorecard to evaluate the effectiveness of and payoffs from human resource management. This case describes the benefits of the scorecard and the challenges of measurement and implementation.... View Details
Datar, Srikant M., Marc J. Epstein, and Jeremy Cott. "Verizon Communications, Inc.: Implementing a Human Resources Balanced Scorecard." Harvard Business School Case 101-102, June 2001. (Revised October 2001.)
- 1994
- Article
The Delicate Balance in Managing for Creativity
By: T. M. Amabile
Organizational stimulants and obstacles to creativity are summarized. The management tasks of supporting creativity and encouraging innovation are described as a delicate balance between over-control and chaos. A technology used to assess the climate for creativity is... View Details
Amabile, T. M. "The Delicate Balance in Managing for Creativity." R&D Innovator 3 (1994): 1–9.
- April 2019 (Revised February 2020)
- Case
Ripple: The Business of Crypto
By: David B. Yoffie and George Gonzalez
The case explores Ripple CEO Brad Garlinghouse’s mission to disrupt the global payments industry by leveraging the cryptocurrency XRP. Students will learn about Bitcoin and the blockchain industry, as well as Ripple’s unique crypto business model. The case provides an... View Details
Keywords: Payment Systems; Cryptocurrency; Bitcoin; Blockchain; Fintech; Business Startups; Business Model; Disruption; Strategy; Banking Industry; Technology Industry
Yoffie, David B., and George Gonzalez. "Ripple: The Business of Crypto." Harvard Business School Case 719-506, April 2019. (Revised February 2020.)
- December 1984 (Revised February 1986)
- Supplement
Kennedy and the Balance of Payments, Exercise Worksheet (Answers)
By: David B. Yoffie
Supplements the case. View Details
Yoffie, David B. "Kennedy and the Balance of Payments, Exercise Worksheet (Answers)." Harvard Business School Supplement 385-243, December 1984. (Revised February 1986.)
- 20 Sep 2020
- Working Paper Summaries
Updating the Balanced Scorecard for Triple Bottom Line Strategies
- Article
Reimagining the Balanced Scorecard for the ESG Era
By: Robert S. Kaplan and David McMillan
Companies are increasingly aware that their customers and society in general expect businesses to adopt and work towards social and environmental objectives as well as the traditional financial ones. This involves not only re-evaluating firms’ models but re-imagining... View Details
Keywords: ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) Performance; Business Ecosystems; Balanced Scorecard; Adaptation; Business Model; Business and Stakeholder Relations
Kaplan, Robert S., and David McMillan. "Reimagining the Balanced Scorecard for the ESG Era." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (February 3, 2021).
- November 2016 (Revised March 2018)
- Module Note
Strategy Execution Module 9: Building a Balanced Scorecard
By: Robert Simons
This module reading explains how to construct a strategy map and build a balanced scorecard. Using an internal value chain model, the module illustrates how a balanced scorecard can support and enable customer management, innovation, operations, and post-sale service... View Details
Keywords: Management Control Systems; Implementing Strategy; Execution; Performance Measurement; Strategy Map; Business Goals; Customer Measures; Strategy; Balanced Scorecard; Business Model
Simons, Robert. "Strategy Execution Module 9: Building a Balanced Scorecard." Harvard Business School Module Note 117-109, November 2016. (Revised March 2018.)
- October 2016
- Case
Elon Musk: Balancing Purpose and Risk
By: Shikhar Ghosh and Sarah Mehta
The case is used to illustrate the place of ‘Purpose’ versus financial risk and returns in a founder’s objectives. It also addresses personal risk profile of different founders, and when paired with the Risk Tolerance Exercise, it enables evaluating one’s own appetite... View Details
Keywords: Electric Vehicle; Solar Power; Vision; Trade-offs; Leadership; Mission and Purpose; Risk and Uncertainty; Entrepreneurship; Failure; United States; North America
Ghosh, Shikhar, and Sarah Mehta. "Elon Musk: Balancing Purpose and Risk." Harvard Business School Case 817-040, October 2016.
- 2017
- Working Paper
Salience through Information Technology: The Effect of Balance Availability on the Smoothing of SNAP Benefits
By: Andrew Hillis
Recipients of the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) run out of most benefits before halfway through a benefit deposit cycle. I study the introduction of a mobile software application, Fresh EBT, that enables beneficiaries to check their available balance... View Details
Hillis, Andrew. "Salience through Information Technology: The Effect of Balance Availability on the Smoothing of SNAP Benefits." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 18-038, October 2017.
- 2023
- Working Paper
Too Many Managers: The Strategic Use of Titles to Avoid Overtime Payments
By: Lauren Cohen, Umit Gurun and N. Bugra Ozel
We find widespread evidence of firms appearing to avoid paying overtime wages by exploiting a
federal law that allows them to do so for employees termed as “managers” and paid a salary above a
pre-defined dollar threshold. We show that listings for salaried positions... View Details
Cohen, Lauren, Umit Gurun, and N. Bugra Ozel. "Too Many Managers: The Strategic Use of Titles to Avoid Overtime Payments." NBER Working Paper Series, No. 30826, January 2023.
- September 1996 (Revised September 1999)
- Case
Mobil USM&R (A): Linking the Balanced Scorecard
By: Robert S. Kaplan
The CEO of the marketing and refining division of a major oil company is in the midst of implementing a profit turnaround. He transforms the strongly centralized, functionally-organized division into 17 independent business units and 14 internal service companies. The... View Details
Keywords: Organizational Change and Adaptation; Measurement and Metrics; Management Practices and Processes; Organizational Design; Balanced Scorecard; Corporate Strategy; Mining Industry; Energy Industry
Kaplan, Robert S. "Mobil USM&R (A): Linking the Balanced Scorecard." Harvard Business School Case 197-025, September 1996. (Revised September 1999.)
- 2019
- Working Paper
Don't Just Venmo Me: How Digital Payments Decrease Feelings of Interpersonal Closeness
By: Anne Wilson, Shelle Santana and Neeru Paharia
- October 2010 (Revised June 2014)
- Case
Volkswagen do Brasil: Driving Strategy with the Balanced Scorecard
By: Robert S. Kaplan and Ricardo Reisen de Pinho
A new management team at VW do Brazil develops and deploys a strategy map and Balanced Scorecard to accomplish a turnaround and cultural change after eight consecutive years of financial losses and market share declines. The team uses the strategy map to align... View Details
Keywords: Business Cycles; Developing Countries and Economies; Management Teams; Leadership; Balanced Scorecard; Strategic Planning; Balance and Stability; Motivation and Incentives; Communication Strategy; Competitive Advantage; Auto Industry; Brazil; Germany
Kaplan, Robert S., and Ricardo Reisen de Pinho. "Volkswagen do Brasil: Driving Strategy with the Balanced Scorecard." Harvard Business School Case 111-049, October 2010. (Revised June 2014.)
- September 2011 (Revised November 2011)
- Case
CP Group: Balancing the Needs of a Family Business with the Needs of a Family of Businesses
By: William C. Kirby and Tracy Yuen Manty
As a second generation business leader, Chairman Dhanin Chearavanont took over the family agribusiness company and built it to become a major diversified conglomerate in Thailand and expanded the business in SE Asia and China. While growing the business, he and his... View Details
Keywords: Agribusiness; Plant-Based Agribusiness; Family Business; Business Growth and Maturation; Business Conglomerates; Family Ownership; Growth and Development; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Thailand; China; Southeast Asia
Kirby, William C., and Tracy Yuen Manty. "CP Group: Balancing the Needs of a Family Business with the Needs of a Family of Businesses." Harvard Business School Case 312-059, September 2011. (Revised November 2011.)
- October 1991
- Article
Power Balance and the Rationality of Outcomes in Matching Markets
By: H. Sondak and M. H. Bazerman
Keywords: Markets
Sondak, H., and M. H. Bazerman. "Power Balance and the Rationality of Outcomes in Matching Markets." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 50, no. 1 (October 1991): 1–23.
- March 2003
- Article
Balancing Search and Stability: Interdependencies Among Elements of Organizational Design
By: Jan W. Rivkin and Nicolaj Siggelkow
Rivkin, Jan W., and Nicolaj Siggelkow. "Balancing Search and Stability: Interdependencies Among Elements of Organizational Design." Management Science 49, no. 3 (March 2003): 290–311.
- 2002
- Working Paper
Balancing Search and Stability: Interdependencies among Elements of Organizational Design
By: Jan W. Rivkin and Nicolaj Siggelkow
- 2025
- Working Paper
Balancing Engagement and Polarization: Multi-Objective Alignment of News Content Using LLMs
By: Mengjie Cheng, Elie Ofek and Hema Yoganarasimhan
We study how media firms can use LLMs to generate news content that aligns with multiple objectives—making content more engaging while maintaining a preferred level of polarization/slant consistent with the firm’s editorial policy. Using news articles from The New York... View Details
Keywords: Large Language Models; Content Creation; Media; Polarization; Generative Ai; Direct Preference Optimization; AI and Machine Learning; News; Perspective; Digital Marketing; Policy; Media and Broadcasting Industry
Cheng, Mengjie, Elie Ofek, and Hema Yoganarasimhan. "Balancing Engagement and Polarization: Multi-Objective Alignment of News Content Using LLMs." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 25-051, April 2025.