Publications

October 2006 (Revised August 2023)
Background Note

Note on Student Outcomes in U.S. Public Education

By: Stacey M. Childress, Stig Leschly and John J-H Kim

Surveys educational outcomes among public school students in the United States. Educational outcomes are categorized as achievement outcomes (measured primarily by students' performance on standardized test results) and attainment outcomes (measured primarily by... View Details

Keywords: Demographics; Education; Outcome or Result; Public Administration Industry; Education Industry; United States

Educators

Article

Environmental and Organization Context and Executive Team Characteristics

By: S. Keck and Michael Tushman

Keywords: Groups and Teams; Demographics

Find at Harvard

8 Aug 1990 - 12 Aug 1990
Conference Presentation

Multidimensional Scaling of DSM-III Personality Disorders in Two Populations

By: W. B. Simpson, M. J. Lyons, L. Young and M. T. Tsuang

Keywords: Health; Health Disorders; Demographics

March 1995
Background Note

Gender Differences in Managerial Behavior: The Ongoing Debate

Do men and women have distinct leadership styles? Do they approach management differently? This note summarizes the two perspectives that have dominated the ongoing debate on gender differences in organizational leadership and management behavior. Psychological... View Details

Keywords: Leadership Style; Gender

Educators

15 Dec 2020
News

Biased Sampling of Early Users and the Direction of Startup Innovation

01 Apr 1997
News

The Businesslike Gourmet: Karen Page on America's Foodservice Industry

Karen Page (MBA '89) is a consultant to Fortune 500 food companies in marketing strategy, culinary trends, and new product development. With her husband, Andrew Dornenburg, a professional chef, she has written the award-winning Becoming a Chef (1995) and Culinary... View Details

08 Feb 2016
News

Going Against the Flow: Lynn Vojvodich, CMO of Salesforce

Keywords: Architectural, Engineering, and Related Services; Professional Services

14 Oct 2014
News

The Steve Jobs of Beer

Keywords: Beverage and Tobacco Product Manufacturing; Manufacturing

01 Jun 2014
News

Chili recipes

Traditional Texas Recipe [winner] by Matt Ashbaugh (MBA 2014) Ingredients Sweet/fresh chilies: 3 whole New Mexico chilies, stems and seeds removed Hot chilies: 3 Arbol chilies, stems and seeds removed Rich/fruity chilies: 2 Ancho and 2 Pasilla chilies, stems and seeds... View Details

November 2007 (Revised July 2009)
Case

Differences at Work: Martin (A)

By: Sandra J. Sucher and Rachel Gordon

Martin, a gay man who was not out at his Italian firm, witnesses his division manager deliver a homophobic comment to his boss. He wonders what he should do. View Details

Keywords: Prejudice and Bias; Behavior; Managerial Roles; Ethics; Gender; Diversity; Power and Influence

Find at Harvard

2025
Article

Humor as a Window into Generative AI Bias

By: Roger Samure, Julian De Freitas and Stefano Puntoni

A preregistered audit of 600 images by generative AI across 150 different prompts explores the link between humor and discrimination in consumer-facing AI solutions. When ChatGPT updates images to make them “funnier”, the prevalence of stereotyped groups changes. While... View Details

Keywords: AI and Machine Learning; Demographics; Prejudice and Bias

February 2024
Article

Are Many Sex/Gender Differences Really Power Differences?

By: Adam D. Galinsky, Aurora Turek, Grusha Agarwal, Eric M. Anicich, Derek D. Rucker, Hannah Riley Bowles, Nira Liberman, Chloe Levin and Joe C Magee

This research addresses the long-standing debate about the determinants of sex/gender differences. Evolutionary theorists trace many sex/gender differences back to natural selection and sex-specific adaptations. Sociocultural and biosocial theorists, in contrast,... View Details

Keywords: Gender; Genetics; Power and Influence; Social Issues

May–June 2025
Article

Centralization and Organization Reproduction: Ethnic Innovation in R&D Centers and Satellite Locations

By: William R. Kerr

We study the relationship between firm centralization and organizational reproduction in satellite locations. For decentralized firms, the ethnic compositions of inventors in satellite locations mostly resemble their host cities, with little link to the inventor... View Details

Keywords: Organizational Reproduction; Centralization; Research and Development; Innovation and Invention; Organizational Design; Ethnicity

July 2023
Article

The Old Boys' Club: Schmoozing and the Gender Gap

By: Zoë B. Cullen and Ricardo Perez-Truglia

Offices are social places. Employees and managers take breaks together and talk about family and hobbies. In this study, we show that employees’ social interactions with their managers can be advantageous for their careers, and that this phenomenon contributes to the... View Details

Keywords: Career; Promotions; Social Interactions; Networking; Interpersonal Communication; Familiarity; Equality and Inequality; Gender

Find at Harvard

March 2022
Teaching Note

Inclusive Innovation at Mass General Brigham

By: Katherine Coffman and Olivia Hull

Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 921-006, “Inclusive Innovation at Mass General Brigham." This case invites students to explore the individual and structural factors that lead to an under-representation of women in male-dominated domains, and to think critically about... View Details

Keywords: Inclusion; Gender Gap; Gender Inclusivity; Gender; Equality and Inequality; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques

2021
Working Paper

Accounting for Workforce Impact at Scale

By: Adel Fadhel, Katie Panella, Ethan Rouen and George Serafeim

Using new data on workforce composition and wages, we systematically measure the employment impact at U.S. firms from 2008 to 2020, including 2,682 unique firms and 22,322 firm-year observations. We document significant variation across industries and firms within each... View Details

Keywords: Impact Accounting; ESG; Employee Turnover; Wages; Employment; Measurement and Metrics; Human Capital; Diversity; United States

SSRN

2021
Working Paper

Whose Job Is It Anyway? Co-Ethnic Hiring in New U.S. Ventures

By: Sari Pekkala Kerr and William R. Kerr

We explore co-ethnic hiring among new ventures using U.S. administrative data. Co-ethnic hiring is ubiquitous among immigrant groups, averaging about 22.5% and ranging from <2% to >40%. Co-ethnic hiring grows with the size of the local ethnic workforce, greater... View Details

Keywords: Hiring; Job Creation; E-Verify; Immigration; Selection and Staffing; Ethnicity; Entrepreneurship