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  • August 2020
  • Technical Note

Comparing Two Groups: Sampling and t-Testing

By: Iavor I Bojinov, Chiara Farronato, Yael Grushka-Cockayne, Willy C. Shih and Michael W. Toffel
This note describes sampling and t-tests, two fundamental statistical concepts. View Details
Keywords: Statistics; Econometric Analyses; Experimental Methods; Data Analysis; Data Analytics; Analytics and Data Science; Analysis; Surveys; Mathematical Methods
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  • October 2023
  • Teaching Note

Timnit Gebru: 'SILENCED No More' on AI Bias and The Harms of Large Language Models

By: Tsedal Neeley and Tim Englehart
Teaching Note for HBS Case No. 422-085. Dr. Timnit Gebru—a leading artificial intelligence (AI) computer scientist and co-lead of Google’s Ethical AI team—was messaging with one of her colleagues when she saw the words: “Did you resign?? Megan sent an email saying that... View Details
Keywords: Ethics; Employment; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Technological Innovation; AI and Machine Learning; Diversity; Prejudice and Bias; Technology Industry
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  • 01 Dec 1997
  • News

Fall Reunions Stimulate and Revitalize

reviews the 25th Reunion program with classmates. Gerald H. Dorman (MBA 1957) presents the results of a class survey. Professor F. Warren McFarlan talks with James B. Keegan (MBA 1967), 30th Reunion chairman. Alumni and guests attend a... View Details
  • 2010
  • Book

The New Science of Retailing: How Analytics Are Transforming the Supply Chain and Improving Performance

By: Marshall Fisher and Ananth Raman
Retailers today are drowning in data but lacking in insight: They have huge volumes of information at their disposal. But they're unsure of how to sort through it and use it to make smart decisions. The result? They're struggling with profit-sapping supply chain... View Details
Keywords: Profit; Knowledge Use and Leverage; Logistics; Supply Chain Management; Mathematical Methods; Retail Industry
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  • November–December 2019
  • Article

Pivoting Isn't Enough? Managing Strategic Reorientation in New Ventures

By: Rory McDonald and Cheng Gao
New ventures often experience deviations from their plans that oblige them to reorient in pursuit of better fit between their evolving products and their target customers. Yet research is largely silent on how managers explain such changes and justify their ventures in... View Details
Keywords: Strategic Reorientation; Technology Entrepreneurship; Innovation; Product Development Processes; Organizational Adaptation; Qualitative Methods (General); Entrepreneurship; Information Technology; Organizational Change and Adaptation; Strategy; Innovation and Invention; Product Development; Communication Strategy
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  • 2008
  • Working Paper

Exploring the Duality between Product and Organizational Architectures: A Test of the Mirroring Hypothesis

By: Alan D. MacCormack, John Rusnak and Carliss Y. Baldwin
A variety of academic studies argue that a relationship exists between the structure of an organization and the design of the products that this organization produces. Specifically, products tend to "mirror" the architectures of the organizations in which they are... View Details
Keywords: Open Source Distribution; Product Design; Organizational Design; Organizational Structure; Performance Effectiveness; Information Technology Industry
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  • Summer 2021
  • Article

The Cost and Evolution of Quality at Cipla Ltd, 1935–2016

By: Muhammad H. Zaman and Tarun Khanna
This article examines the evolution of Indian pharmaceutical manufacturer Cipla towards producing drugs that met the quality standards of European and U.S. regulators. It employs new research in Cipla’s corporate archives, the Creating Emerging Markets database, and... View Details
Keywords: Cipla; Pharmaceuticals; Drug Quality; Generics; Quality; Standards; Information Technology; Cost; Organizational Culture; Business History; Pharmaceutical Industry; India
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  • 01 Dec 1996
  • News

Starting Up and Starting Over

innovation within such a structure. In the 1930s and 1940s, Deans Wallace B. Donham and Donald K. David oversaw significant research on the importance of innovators to... View Details
  • 27 Oct 2002
  • Research & Ideas

Want a Happy Customer? Coordinate Sales and Marketing

coordination around customer needs and information, or near the research and development people with benefit of coordination around technology... View Details
Keywords: by Benson Shapiro
  • 14 Feb 2022
  • Research & Ideas

Curiosity, Not Coding: 6 Skills Leaders Need in the Digital Age

senior executives at their organizations have the right mindset and skills to lead in the digital era. Those closer to the nuts and bolts of digital functions—the chief View Details
Keywords: by Linda A. Hill, Ann Le Cam, Sunand Menon, and Emily Tedards; Technology
  • 13 Sep 2004
  • Research & Ideas

Cash and the Woman-Owned Business

signals to outside investors that you have "skin in the game," that your own resources are on the line to sustain the enterprise. Your level of investment determines how long the business can function on its own, how much View Details
Keywords: by Candida Brush, Nancy M. Carter, Elizabeth Gatewood, Patricia G. Greene & Myra M. Hart
  • 02 Feb 2015
  • Research & Ideas

Disruptors Sell What Customers Want and Let Competitors Sell What They Don’t

digital technologies and business models. The Incumbents' Challenge As competitors attempt to wedge their way between incumbents and their customers, decoupling presents a... View Details
Keywords: by Michael Blanding
  • 27 Nov 2013
  • Working Paper Summaries

Skilled Immigration and the Employment Structures of US Firms

Keywords: by Sari Pekkala Kerr, William R. Kerr & William F. Lincoln
  • 2018
  • Chapter

The Orphan Drug Act at 35: Observations and an Outlook for the Twenty-First Century

By: Nicholas Bagley, Benjamin Berger, Amitabh Chandra, Craig Garthwaite and Ariel Dora Stern
On the 35th anniversary of the adoption of the Orphan Drug Act (ODA), we describe the enormous changes in the markets for therapies for rare diseases that have emerged over recent decades. The most prominent example is the fact that the profit-maximizing price of new... View Details
Keywords: Health Care and Treatment; Laws and Statutes; Research and Development; Investment; Markets; Monopoly
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  • 2018
  • Working Paper

Platform Competition: Betfair and the U.K. Market for Sports Betting

By: Ramon Casadesus-Masanell and Neil Campbell
We examine two episodes of strategic interaction in the U.K. betting industry: (i) Betfair (an entrant multi-sided platform or MSP) vs. Flutter (also an MSP), and (ii) Betfair vs. traditional bookmakers. We find that although Betfair was an underfunded second mover in... View Details
Keywords: Platform Design; Betting; Digital Platforms; Design; Network Effects; Business Model; Competition; Cooperation; Market Entry and Exit
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  • 15 Jun 2021
  • News

June 2021 Books and Podcasts

jet-powered airliners. The growing requirement for more factory space was fueled by new models and a surging worldwide demand for air travel. Massive construction projects were launched, including a new... View Details
Keywords: Margie Kelley; Publishing Industries (except Internet); Information
  • September–October 2017
  • Article

Managing Our Hub Economy: Strategy, Ethics, and Network Competition in the Age of Digital Superpowers

By: Marco Iansiti and Karim R. Lakhani
A small number of digital superpowers—Alibaba, Amazon, Microsoft, and others—have become “hub firms” because they control access to billions of mobile customers coveted by all kinds of product and service providers. These hubs drive increasing returns to scale and... View Details
Keywords: Competition; Strategic Planning; Technology Industry; Technology Industry
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  • 01 Aug 1998
  • News

Spring Reunions: Milestones and Memories

technology and entertainment. Since graduation, his career path has wound its way through pay-per-view television programming and new media business development to his current... View Details
Keywords: Eileen K. McCluskey
  • Research Summary

Markets of Progress: Coffee, Commerce, and Community in the Soconusco, Chiapas, 1867-1920

Markets of Progress presents a new holistic story of rural development in Mexico at the turn of the century. In the Soconusco, as in regions throughout the world, the accelerating circulation of commodities and capital, ideas and immigrants reshaped society... View Details

Keywords: Commodities; Coffee; Mexico; Foreign Investment; Institutions; Immigration; Developing Agriculture; Development; Export Crop; Emerging Market; Property Rights; Labor History; History; Capital Markets; Business History; Agriculture and Agribusiness Industry; Latin America; Mexico; Central America
  • 01 Oct 2000
  • News

Lumry Chair Supports IT and Entrepreneurship

1994. The Lumry Family Professorship will support an outstanding academic leader whose research and teaching are in the field of information technology (IT), particularly the... View Details
Keywords: Educational Services