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Show Results For
- All HBS Web
(1,958)
- People (2)
- News (212)
- Research (1,359)
- Events (15)
- Multimedia (13)
- Faculty Publications (905)
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- November 2012
- Article
The Variance of Non-Parametric Treatment Effect Estimators in the Presence of Clustering
By: Samuel G. Hanson and Adi Sunderam
Non-parametric estimators of treatment effects are often applied in settings where clustering may be important. We provide a general methodology for consistently estimating the variance of a large class of non-parametric estimators, including the simple matching... View Details
Keywords: Treatment Effects; Matching Estimators; Clustering; Applications and Software; Mathematical Methods
Hanson, Samuel G., and Adi Sunderam. "The Variance of Non-Parametric Treatment Effect Estimators in the Presence of Clustering." Review of Economics and Statistics 94, no. 4 (November 2012). (Stata and Matlab Code Here.)
- Article
The Shapley Value as a von Neumann-Morgenstern Utility
By: A. E. Roth
Roth, A. E. "The Shapley Value as a von Neumann-Morgenstern Utility." Econometrica 45, no. 3 (April 1977): 657–664.
- June 1994
- Article
Influence of Mathematical Models in Finance on Practice: Past, Present and Future
By: Robert C. Merton
Merton, Robert C. "Influence of Mathematical Models in Finance on Practice: Past, Present and Future." Series A. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series A, Physical Sciences and Engineering 347 (June 1994): 451–463. (Reprinted in Financial Practice and Education, spring 1995.)
- Article
Portfolio Value-at-Risk Optimization for Asymmetrically Distributed Asset Returns
By: Joel Goh, Kian Guan Lim, Melvyn Sim and Weina Zhang
We propose a new approach to portfolio optimization by separating asset return distributions into positive and negative half-spaces. The approach minimizes a newly-defined Partitioned Value-at-Risk (PVaR) risk measure by using half-space statistical information. Using... View Details
Goh, Joel, Kian Guan Lim, Melvyn Sim, and Weina Zhang. "Portfolio Value-at-Risk Optimization for Asymmetrically Distributed Asset Returns." European Journal of Operational Research 221, no. 2 (September 1, 2012): 397–406.
- July 1985 (Revised March 1994)
- Background Note
Exposure and Hedging
By: David E. Bell
Describes the concept of exposure; the dependence of a goal on an uncertain external event. Describes in detail how hedges may be constructed to eliminate exposure, including the algebra of cross-hedging and hedge ratios. The relevance of regression analysis is... View Details
Bell, David E. "Exposure and Hedging." Harvard Business School Background Note 186-036, July 1985. (Revised March 1994.)
- 1976
- Book
Lies, Damn Lies and Statistics: The Manipulation of Public Opinion in America
Wheeler, Michael A. Lies, Damn Lies and Statistics: The Manipulation of Public Opinion in America. New York, NY: W. W. Norton & Company, 1976.
- Oct 2020
- Conference Presentation
Optimal, Truthful, and Private Securities Lending
By: Emily Diana, Michael J. Kearns, Seth Neel and Aaron Leon Roth
We consider a fundamental dynamic allocation problem motivated by the problem of securities lending in financial markets, the mechanism underlying the short selling of stocks. A lender would like to distribute a finite number of identical copies of some scarce resource... View Details
Diana, Emily, Michael J. Kearns, Seth Neel, and Aaron Leon Roth. "Optimal, Truthful, and Private Securities Lending." Paper presented at the 1st Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) International Conference on AI in Finance (ICAIF), October 2020.
- Article
Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimation with Cross-Sectional Dependence and Heteroskedasticity in Cross-Sectional Financial Data
By: K. A. Froot
Keywords: Econometrics; Panel Estimation; Autocorrelation; Heteroskedasticity; Mathematical Methods; Economics
Froot, K. A. "Consistent Covariance Matrix Estimation with Cross-Sectional Dependence and Heteroskedasticity in Cross-Sectional Financial Data." Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 24, no. 3 (September 1989): 333–355. (Revised from NBER Technical Working Paper No. 62.)
- November 2004 (Revised April 2005)
- Background Note
Math for Strategists
By: Tarun Khanna and Jan W. Rivkin
Great strategists rely heavily on numbers as they go about their work. Offers an overview of the high- and low-brow quantitative tools that students encounter during the Strategy course. The class explores high-brow tools in detail; the focus here is on low-brow... View Details
Khanna, Tarun, and Jan W. Rivkin. "Math for Strategists." Harvard Business School Background Note 705-433, November 2004. (Revised April 2005.)
- fall 1973
- Article
Statistical Sampling in Auditing with Auxiliary Information Estimators
By: Robert S. Kaplan
Kaplan, Robert S. "Statistical Sampling in Auditing with Auxiliary Information Estimators." Journal of Accounting Research 11 (fall 1973): 238–258.
- July 2023
- Article
Design and Analysis of Switchback Experiments
By: Iavor I Bojinov, David Simchi-Levi and Jinglong Zhao
In switchback experiments, a firm sequentially exposes an experimental unit to a random treatment, measures its response, and repeats the procedure for several periods to determine which treatment leads to the best outcome. Although practitioners have widely adopted... View Details
Bojinov, Iavor I., David Simchi-Levi, and Jinglong Zhao. "Design and Analysis of Switchback Experiments." Management Science 69, no. 7 (July 2023): 3759–3777.
- January 1997
- Background Note
Simulation as a Decision Aid
By: Roy D. Shapiro
A brief introduction to simulation--what it is, why it's used, etc. Meant to set context for a first class on simulation. A rewritten version of an earlier note. View Details
Shapiro, Roy D. "Simulation as a Decision Aid." Harvard Business School Background Note 697-062, January 1997.
- 2023
- Article
Which Models Have Perceptually-Aligned Gradients? An Explanation via Off-Manifold Robustness
By: Suraj Srinivas, Sebastian Bordt and Himabindu Lakkaraju
One of the remarkable properties of robust computer vision models is that their input-gradients are often aligned with human perception, referred to in the literature as perceptually-aligned gradients (PAGs). Despite only being trained for classification, PAGs cause... View Details
Srinivas, Suraj, Sebastian Bordt, and Himabindu Lakkaraju. "Which Models Have Perceptually-Aligned Gradients? An Explanation via Off-Manifold Robustness." Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS) (2023).
- March 2022 (Revised January 2025)
- Technical Note
Statistical Inference
This note provides an overview of statistical inference for an introductory data science course. First, the note discusses samples and populations. Next the note describes how to calculate confidence intervals for means and proportions. Then it walks through the logic... View Details
Keywords: Data Science; Statistics; Mathematical Modeling; Mathematical Methods; Analytics and Data Science
Bojinov, Iavor I., Michael Parzen, and Paul Hamilton. "Statistical Inference." Harvard Business School Technical Note 622-099, March 2022. (Revised January 2025.)
- March 2020
- Article
Diagnosing Missing Always at Random in Multivariate Data
By: Iavor I. Bojinov, Natesh S. Pillai and Donald B. Rubin
Models for analyzing multivariate data sets with missing values require strong, often assessable, assumptions. The most common of these is that the mechanism that created the missing data is ignorable—a twofold assumption dependent on the mode of inference. The first... View Details
Keywords: Missing Data; Diagnostic Tools; Sensitivity Analysis; Hypothesis Testing; Missing At Random; Row Exchangeability; Analytics and Data Science; Mathematical Methods
Bojinov, Iavor I., Natesh S. Pillai, and Donald B. Rubin. "Diagnosing Missing Always at Random in Multivariate Data." Biometrika 107, no. 1 (March 2020): 246–253.
- June 2000
- Article
On the Regulatory Application of Efficiency Measures
The last decade has witnessed a change to more powerful incentive schemes and the adoption by a large number of regulators of some form of price cap regimes. The efficiency frontiers literature tackles the problem of measuring the X factor in a price cap regime... View Details
Ruzzier, Christian Alejandro. "On the Regulatory Application of Efficiency Measures." Utilities Policy 9, no. 2 (June 2000): 81–92. (with M. Rossi.)
- August 2001 (Revised July 2008)
- Technical Note
A Technical Note and Discussion on Real Estate Valuation (IBET): Back of the Envelope (BOE) on Bonhomme Place: A Case within a Case
By: Arthur I Segel
Discusses real estate valuation. Reviews "back of the envelope" valuation; real estate appraisal methods, including the income method; market comparables and replacement costs; and more complex computer modeling. Also discusses other variables that could influence... View Details
Segel, Arthur I. "A Technical Note and Discussion on Real Estate Valuation (IBET): Back of the Envelope (BOE) on Bonhomme Place: A Case within a Case." Harvard Business School Technical Note 802-025, August 2001. (Revised July 2008.)
- 06 Apr 2020
- Working Paper Summaries
A General Theory of Identification
Keywords: by Iavor Bojinov and Guillaume Basse