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  • All HBS Web  (399)
    • News  (9)
    • Research  (374)
  • Faculty Publications  (281)

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  • All HBS Web  (399)
    • News  (9)
    • Research  (374)
  • Faculty Publications  (281)
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  • 05 Mar 2001
  • What Do You Think?

Fine Coupling: Can Human Resource Management Learn from Supply Chain Management?

computer-design process study by Carliss Baldwin and Kim Clark that underlines the importance of design rules and processes intended to produce compatible components in a... View Details
Keywords: by James Heskett
  • 22 Feb 2011
  • Research & Ideas

The Most Important Management Trends of the (Still Young) Twenty-First Century

economics research, business academics and managers will have the power to substantially improve both the practice of business and the welfare of society. My hope is that we will use that power responsibly. Carliss View Details
Keywords: by Sean Silverthorne
  • Web

Strategy - Doctoral

Boston College, Carroll School of Management, Information Systems Department Advisors: Shane M. Greenstein , Carliss Y. Baldwin , Dennis A. Yao , and Prithwiraj Choudhury... View Details
  • Web

Finance Faculty - Faculty & Research

Professor of Business Administration Emily Williams Assistant Professor of Business Administration Royce G. Yudkoff MBA Class of 1975 Professor of Management Practice of Entrepreneurial Management Unit Affiliates Carliss View Details
  • 2019
  • Chapter

Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
Return on invested capital (ROIC) is a financial measure of the profitability of a firm or business unit. If it is greater than the business's cost of capital, then reinvestment of earnings increases shareholder VALUE. The ROIC also determines a maximum self-sustaining... View Details
Keywords: Capital Efficiency; Dupont Analysis; Financial Metrics; Schumpeterian Competition; Sustainable Growth; Competitive Advantage; Financial Strategy; Resource Allocation; Valuation; Value Creation
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Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Return on Invested Capital (ROIC)." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Strategic Management. Continuously updated edition, edited by Mie Augier and David J. Teece. Palgrave Macmillan, 2017. Electronic. (Pre-published, October 2013.)
  • October 2007 (Revised November 2010)
  • Module Note

Evaluating M&A Deals-Equity Consideration

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
What the acquiring company pays for a target in a merger or acquisition is called "consideration." Consideration can be in the form of cash, shares, or a combination of the two. Lays out the basic mechanics of equity consideration. Derives formulas for the Deal NPV of... View Details
Keywords: Mergers and Acquisitions; Equity
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Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Evaluating M&A Deals-Equity Consideration." Harvard Business School Module Note 208-077, October 2007. (Revised November 2010.)
  • Web

Placement - Doctoral

Healy Do Yoon Kim Strategy, 2019 Placement: Boston College, Carroll School of Management, Information Systems Department Dissertation: Knowledge flows across firm boundaries: Strategic implications of openness Advisors: Shane M. Greenstein , View Details
  • June 2003 (Revised September 2003)
  • Background Note

Acquisitions & Alliances: Introduction to the Course

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
Helps students understand the multiple forms M&A deals can take, while framing the underlying dimensions that managers must consider when designing or assessing a given deal. Begins by introducing students to the ways in which M&A activity creates value, proceeds by... View Details
Keywords: Alliances; Mergers and Acquisitions
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Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Acquisitions & Alliances: Introduction to the Course." Harvard Business School Background Note 803-199, June 2003. (Revised September 2003.)
  • June 1990 (Revised August 1990)
  • Supplement

Sun Microsystems, Inc.--1987 (C)

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
Outlines the financing agreement reached by Sun and AT&T in early 1988. View Details
Keywords: Financing and Loans; Web Services Industry; Computer Industry; Telecommunications Industry; United States
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Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Sun Microsystems, Inc.--1987 (C)." Harvard Business School Supplement 290-053, June 1990. (Revised August 1990.)
  • December 2014 (Revised April 2015)
  • Case

Apple, Einhorn, and iPrefs

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin, Hanoch Feit, Edward A. Minasian and Brandon Van Buren
In March 2013, Apple Computer has a very large cash balance, and is under pressure to return cash to shareholders. Hedge fund manager David Einhorn thinks Apple can "unlock value" by issuing perpetual preferred stock, dubbed iPrefs. Henry Blodget, CEO of Business... View Details
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Baldwin, Carliss Y., Hanoch Feit, Edward A. Minasian, and Brandon Van Buren. "Apple, Einhorn, and iPrefs." Harvard Business School Case 215-037, December 2014. (Revised April 2015.)
  • October 2007 (Revised February 2008)
  • Background Note

Evaluating M&A Deals: Accretion vs. Dilution of Earnings-per-share

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
When discussing the pros and cons of an acquisition, practitioners often talk about the impact of the deal on the buyer's earnings-per-share (eps). An acquisition is said to be "accretive" if the buyer's eps goes up post-deal; it is "dilutive" if the buyer's eps goes... View Details
Keywords: Business Earnings; Mergers and Acquisitions; Private Equity; Negotiation Deal
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Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Evaluating M&A Deals: Accretion vs. Dilution of Earnings-per-share." Harvard Business School Background Note 208-059, October 2007. (Revised February 2008.)
  • 2012
  • Working Paper

The Impact of Modularity on Intellectual Property and Value Appropriation

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Joachim Henkel
Modularity is a means of partitioning technical knowledge about a product or process. When state-sanctioned intellectual property rights are ineffective or costly to enforce, modularity can be used to hide information and thus protect intellectual property (IP). We... View Details
Keywords: Strategy; Open Source Distribution; Value; Complexity; Intellectual Property
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Baldwin, Carliss Y., and Joachim Henkel. "The Impact of Modularity on Intellectual Property and Value Appropriation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 12-040, December 2011. (Revised November 2012.)
  • November 2015
  • Article

Modularity and Intellectual Property Protection

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Joachim Henkel
Modularity is a means of partitioning technical knowledge about a product or process. When state-sanctioned intellectual property (IP) rights are ineffective or costly to enforce, modularity can be used to hide information and thus protect IP. We investigate the impact... View Details
Keywords: Modularity; Value Appropriation; Relational Contracts; Clans; Intellectual Property
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Baldwin, Carliss Y., and Joachim Henkel. "Modularity and Intellectual Property Protection." Strategic Management Journal 36, no. 11 (November 2015): 1637–1655.
  • 2014
  • Working Paper

Modularity and Intellectual Property Protection

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Joachim Henkel
Modularity is a means of partitioning technical knowledge about a product or process. When state-sanctioned intellectual property (IP) rights are ineffective or costly to enforce, modularity can be used to hide information and thus protect IP. We investigate the impact... View Details
Keywords: Modularity; Value Appropriation; Relational Contracts; Clans; Rights; Complexity; Intellectual Property
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Baldwin, Carliss Y., and Joachim Henkel. "Modularity and Intellectual Property Protection." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 14-046, December 2013. (Revised June 2014.)
  • 2009
  • Working Paper

Modeling a Paradigm Shift: From Producer Innovation to User and Open Collaborative Innovation

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin and Eric von Hippel
In this paper we assess the economic viability of innovation by producers relative to two increasingly important alternative models: innovations by single user individuals or firms, and open collaborative innovation projects. We analyze the design costs and... View Details
Keywords: Cost; Policy; Collaborative Innovation and Invention; Independent Innovation and Invention; Intellectual Property; Rights; Welfare
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Baldwin, Carliss Y., and Eric von Hippel. "Modeling a Paradigm Shift: From Producer Innovation to User and Open Collaborative Innovation." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 10-038, November 2009.
  • March 1992 (Revised June 1992)
  • Case

Thermo Electron Corp.

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
George Hatsopoulos, CEO at Thermo Electron Corp., is considering whether to issue shares in a subsidiary via an initial public offering (IPO). The company has developed an unusual corporate structure in which subsidiaries fund new ventures by raising debt and equity in... View Details
Keywords: Financial Management; Business Subsidiaries; Resource Allocation; Valuation; Organizational Structure; Business Headquarters; Initial Public Offering; Capital Structure; Capital Markets; Financial Strategy; Corporate Finance; Semiconductor Industry; Technology Industry
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Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Thermo Electron Corp." Harvard Business School Case 292-104, March 1992. (Revised June 1992.)
  • August 2001
  • Technical Note

Technical Note on Expectations

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
Reviews the mathematics of expectations embedded in a company's current stock price and the related (whole) enterprise value. Begins by showing how the current stock price can be compounded forward to arrive at an expectation one or more years in the future. Describes... View Details
Keywords: Performance Expectations; Price; Stocks
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Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Technical Note on Expectations." Harvard Business School Technical Note 902-055, August 2001.
  • September 2002 (Revised March 2003)
  • Technical Note

Technical Note on Equity-Linked Consideration, Part 1: All-Stock Deals

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
What the acquiring company pays for a target in a merger or acquisition is called "consideration." Consideration can be in the form of cash, shares, or a combination of cash and shares. During the 1990s, equity-linked consideration became the dominant method of payment... View Details
Keywords: Price; Acquisition; Business and Shareholder Relations
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Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Technical Note on Equity-Linked Consideration, Part 1: All-Stock Deals." Harvard Business School Technical Note 903-027, September 2002. (Revised March 2003.)
  • October 2007 (Revised December 2008)
  • Background Note

Evaluating M&A Deals: How Poison Pills Work

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
The poison pill defense against hostile takeovers was invented in 1982 by Martin Lipton, of Wachtell, Lipton, Rosen and Katz. Pills are considered the most effective of all the normal defenses against a hostile bidder. Describes the two basic types of poison pills... View Details
Keywords: Negotiation Deal; Mergers and Acquisitions
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Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Evaluating M&A Deals: How Poison Pills Work." Harvard Business School Background Note 208-061, October 2007. (Revised December 2008.)
  • 2019
  • Working Paper

Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 13 Platform Systems vs. Step Processes—The Value of Options and the Power of Modularity

By: Carliss Y. Baldwin
This is the first chapter in Part 3. Its purpose is to contrast the value structure of platform systems with step processes from a technological perspective. I first review the basic technical architecture of computers and argue that every computer is inherently a... View Details
Keywords: Platform Systems; Step Processes; Computer Architecture; Modularity; Information Technology; Digital Platforms
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Baldwin, Carliss Y. "Design Rules, Volume 2: How Technology Shapes Organizations: Chapter 13 Platform Systems vs. Step Processes—The Value of Options and the Power of Modularity." Harvard Business School Working Paper, No. 19-073, January 2019.
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