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Show Results For
- All HBS Web
(519)
- News (83)
- Research (365)
- Events (3)
- Multimedia (4)
- Faculty Publications (260)
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- March 1996
- Case
FASB and Employee Stock Options, The
Summarizes the accounting principles governing employee stock options, including the recently issued accounting standard SFAS 123, Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation. Presents the theoretical issues involved with valuation and measurement of employee stock-based... View Details
Rapier, Donella. "FASB and Employee Stock Options, The." Harvard Business School Case 196-137, March 1996.
- October 1998
- Background Note
Welfare-to-Work Information and Statistics
By: Rosabeth M. Kanter and Ellen Pruyne
Summarizes information on the national issue of hiring people from the welfare roles. Organized by topics relevant to business, this note reviews research findings and statistics and poses questions to assist business decision-makers in assessing a company's current or... View Details
Keywords: Decision Choices and Conditions; Recruitment; Risk Management; Planning; Programs; Research; Welfare
Kanter, Rosabeth M., and Ellen Pruyne. "Welfare-to-Work Information and Statistics." Harvard Business School Background Note 399-064, October 1998.
- March 2023
- Background Note
A Primer on OKRs
By: Suraj Srinivasan and Li-Kuan (Jason) Ni
The OKR framework is a popular goal-setting and strategy execution tool that uses goal setting through “Objectives” and measuring performance using “Key Results” on a periodic basis to measure and drive performance. The OKR framework has been adopted and practiced at... View Details
Keywords: Business Organization; Talent and Talent Management; Framework; Corporate Governance; Goals and Objectives; Growth and Development; Growth and Development Strategy; Growth Management; Management Analysis, Tools, and Techniques; Management Practices and Processes; Management Skills; Management Systems; Measurement and Metrics; Outcome or Result; Performance Effectiveness; Performance Evaluation; Performance Expectations; Performance Productivity; Performance Efficiency
Srinivasan, Suraj, and Li-Kuan (Jason) Ni. "A Primer on OKRs." Harvard Business School Background Note 123-081, March 2023.
- March 2004 (Revised February 2006)
- Case
Salt Lake Organizing Committee, The: 2002 Olympics
By: H. Kent Bowen, Bryce LaPierre and Courtney Purrington
After two and a half years of effort, Fraser Bullock, COO of the 2002 Winter Olympics, faced projected deficits and post-9/11 security requirements only five months before the opening ceremony. Summarizes the organizational structure and processes put in place by... View Details
Keywords: Framework; Knowledge Dissemination; Business or Company Management; Managerial Roles; Organizational Design; Organizational Structure; Planning; Practice; Risk and Uncertainty; Safety; Sports; System
Bowen, H. Kent, Bryce LaPierre, and Courtney Purrington. "Salt Lake Organizing Committee, The: 2002 Olympics." Harvard Business School Case 604-092, March 2004. (Revised February 2006.)
- March 23, 2017
- Article
Incentives Don't Help People Change, but Peer Pressure Does
By: Susanna Gallani
This article summarizes the findings of a research study that examined the effectiveness of monetary and non-monetary incentives in establishing persistent organizational behavior modifications. The results of the study highlight the interplay between monetary and... View Details
Gallani, Susanna. "Incentives Don't Help People Change, but Peer Pressure Does." Harvard Business Review Digital Articles (March 23, 2017).
- January 2020 (Revised April 2020)
- Case
Fossil Fuel Divestment (Abridged)
By: Michael W. Toffel and Sarah Gulick
The president of Harvard University is facing growing pressure from students, alumni, and other climate change activists that are urging the university to divest its multi-billion dollar endowment from fossil fuel companies. The case summarizes the arguments for and... View Details
Keywords: Divestment; Harvard University; Higher Education; Corporate Social Responsibility and Impact; Environmental Sustainability; Climate Change; Public Opinion; Ethics; Education Industry
Toffel, Michael W., and Sarah Gulick. "Fossil Fuel Divestment." Harvard Business School Case 620-093, January 2020. (Revised April 2020.)
- April 1976 (Revised September 1996)
- Background Note
Use of Cases in Management Education
Briefly describes the process of case writing, the general nature of cases, and the advantages to students of learning by the case method. An approach to studying a case, individually or as a group member, for classroom discussion is outlined. Also summarizes the basic... View Details
Corey, E. Raymond. "Use of Cases in Management Education." Harvard Business School Background Note 376-240, April 1976. (Revised September 1996.)
- November 1999 (Revised November 2000)
- Background Note
Economic Liberalization and Industry Dynamics
Programs of economic liberalization often lead to dramatic changes in industry structure. This note presents excerpts from several research papers that summarize findings on how industries evolve following abrupt policy reforms. The note is organized into seven... View Details
Keywords: Industry Structures
Kennedy, Robert E. "Economic Liberalization and Industry Dynamics." Harvard Business School Background Note 700-075, November 1999. (Revised November 2000.)
- March 2004 (Revised May 2006)
- Background Note
Corporate Reform in the United States
By: Lynn S. Paine and Kim Bettcher
The spate of corporate misdeeds revealed to the American public in 2001 to 2002 prompted corrective action in many quarters of the U.S. economy. The note summarizes some of the steps taken by lawmakers, regulators, law-enforcement officials, companies, investors,... View Details
Keywords: Corporate Governance; Capital Markets; Governing Rules, Regulations, and Reforms; Trust; United States
Paine, Lynn S., and Kim Bettcher. "Corporate Reform in the United States." Harvard Business School Background Note 304-091, March 2004. (Revised May 2006.)
- September 2001
- Background Note
Assessing Your Organization's Crisis Response Plans
Organizations inevitably face crises, but few are well prepared to deal with them. This note summarizes the findings of research and experience about what it takes to respond effectively in crisis situations. Provides principles to guide crisis response planning,... View Details
Watkins, Michael D. "Assessing Your Organization's Crisis Response Plans." Harvard Business School Background Note 902-064, September 2001.
- January 2001
- Background Note
Application Service Providers
By: Thomas R. Eisenmann and Sanjay Pothen
Examines the Application Service Provider (ASP) business model. First, defines the ASP model and describes different ways to categorize ASPs. Next, summarizes the various ways that ASPs create value for their clients. Then, analyzes the economic model for ASPs,... View Details
Eisenmann, Thomas R., and Sanjay Pothen. "Application Service Providers." Harvard Business School Background Note 801-310, January 2001.
- March 2023 (Revised March 2025)
- Module Note
LCA Module Overview: Society
By: Nien-hê Hsieh
Leadership and Corporate and Accountability (LCA) is a required course in the first-year MBA curriculum at Harvard Business School to help managers determine and deliver on their economic, legal, and ethical responsibilities. This note summarizes the cases and outlines... View Details
Hsieh, Nien-hê. "LCA Module Overview: Society." Harvard Business School Module Note 323-096, March 2023. (Revised March 2025.)
- January 1995
- Background Note
Note on Foreign Direct Investment
By: Debora L. Spar
Between 1985 and 1990, the global economy witnessed an unprecedented surge in flows of foreign direct investment (FDI). This sudden increase called back into prominence the range of questions that have long surrounded FDI. What causes firms to expand or contract their... View Details
Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment
Spar, Debora L., and Julia Kou. "Note on Foreign Direct Investment." Harvard Business School Background Note 795-031, January 1995.
- April 2023
- Technical Note
Venture Capital Firms: What Drives Success?
By: Jo Tango and Alys Ferragamo
With the rapid growth of venture capital (“VC”) in recent decades, we might wonder: who succeeds at VC and why? This is a complicated question, as many factors come into play. VC partnerships are comprised of individual investors with varying backgrounds, experiences,... View Details
Tango, Jo, and Alys Ferragamo. "Venture Capital Firms: What Drives Success?" Harvard Business School Technical Note 823-115, April 2023.
- November 2010
- Article
The Strategy Research Initiative: Recognizing and Encouraging High-quality Research in Strategy
By: Joanne E. Oxley, Jan Rivkin, Michael D. Ryall and the Strategy Research Initiative
The Strategy Research Initiative—a cross-disciplinary group of mid-career, research-oriented faculty—has organized to coordinate activities that promote high-quality research in the field of strategy. This editorial essay summarizes the group's view of the... View Details
Oxley, Joanne E., Jan Rivkin, Michael D. Ryall, and the Strategy Research Initiative. "The Strategy Research Initiative: Recognizing and Encouraging High-quality Research in Strategy." Strategic Organization 8, no. 4 (November 2010).
- January 2006
- Case
Negotiating for the Motion Picture Association of America and the Motion Picture Association: Jack Valenti (A)
By: James K. Sebenius, Ellen Knebel and Erin Egan
Summarizes the background and career highlights of Jack Valenti, longtime head of the Motion Picture Association of America and the Motion Picture Association. Sets up three difficult negotiation challenges facing Valenti over a rating system for movies, the financial... View Details
Keywords: Decision Making; Film Entertainment; Television Entertainment; Negotiation; Problems and Challenges; United States
Sebenius, James K., Ellen Knebel, and Erin Egan. "Negotiating for the Motion Picture Association of America and the Motion Picture Association: Jack Valenti (A)." Harvard Business School Case 906-025, January 2006.
- January 2008
- Article
The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy
This article includes a one-page preview that quickly summarizes the key ideas and provides an overview of how the concepts work in practice along with suggestions for further reading. In 1979, a young associate professor at Harvard Business School published his first... View Details
Keywords: Profit; Five Forces Framework; Industry Growth; Industry Structures; Business and Government Relations; Competitive Strategy
Porter, Michael E. "The Five Competitive Forces That Shape Strategy." Special Issue on HBS Centennial. Harvard Business Review 86, no. 1 (January 2008): 78–93.
- November 2011
- Compilation
VCPE Strategy Vignettes: 2012
By: Josh Lerner, Felda Hardymon, Matthew Rhodes-Kropf, Ann Leamon and Lisa Strope
This compilation of five vignettes depicts common challenges confronting venture capital and leveraged buyout groups. They range from when to deviate from a strategy and how to manage an inept but well-connected executive to equity splits among founders and whether to... View Details
Keywords: Strategy
Lerner, Josh, Felda Hardymon, Matthew Rhodes-Kropf, Ann Leamon, and Lisa Strope. "VCPE Strategy Vignettes: 2012." Harvard Business School Compilation 812-073, November 2011.
- June 2011 (Revised August 2011)
- Background Note
China and the Yuan-Dollar Exchange Rate
By: Aldo Musacchio
This note explains how the People's Bank of China (PBOC) manages (some say manipulate) the dollar-yuan exchange rate. It discusses briefly the process of sterilization in China and the possible costs for the PBOC. Therefore, the note summarizes some of the main... View Details
Musacchio, Aldo. "China and the Yuan-Dollar Exchange Rate." Harvard Business School Background Note 711-110, June 2011. (Revised August 2011.)
- October 2003 (Revised April 2005)
- Case
Innovation Corrupted: The Rise and Fall of Enron
Presents an historical overview of Enron's rise and fall and summarizes what is currently known about (1) the evolution of Enron's business model, (2) the organizational processes Enron officials relied on to drive and monitor the business, (3) emergent behavior... View Details
Keywords: Business Model; Behavior; Governing and Advisory Boards; Success; Transformation; Failure; Business Processes; Energy Industry; United States
Salter, Malcolm S. "Innovation Corrupted: The Rise and Fall of Enron." Harvard Business School Case 904-036, October 2003. (Revised April 2005.)